Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 51 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 51 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings 51 Item 1A. Risk Factors 51 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 51 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 51 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 51 Item 5. Other Information 52 Item 6. Exhibits 52 Signatures 53 2 Index Index Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025 (Unaudited) (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) ASSETS March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Cash and due from banks $ 10,509 $ 12,788 Interest-bearing deposits 128,941 170,290 Total cash and cash equivalents 139,450 183,078 Long-term certificates of deposit 1,225 1,425 Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 370,201 356,062 Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $550 and $548 at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025 814,314 776,147 Equity securities, at fair value 355 402 Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 5,549 5,504 Loans receivable 1,747,703 1,627,406 Allowance for credit losses on loans (21,778 ) (20,146 ) Net loans receivable 1,725,925 1,607,260 Premises and equipment, net 15,018 15,232 Bank-owned life insurance 68,174 59,795 Accrued interest receivable 20,070 16,381 Prepaid expenses and other assets 20,874 19,323 Total assets $ 3,181,155 $ 3,040,609 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Noninterest-bearing deposits $ 109,085 $ 110,163 Interest-bearing deposits 2,663,469 2,529,672 Total deposits 2,772,554 2,639,835 Borrowings, short-term 73,200 74,000 Borrowings, long-term 4,189 4,189 Subordinated notes payable, net 29,954 49,867 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 33,665 33,881 Total liabilities 2,913,562 2,801,772 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Preferred stock, Authorized - 1,000,000 shares; Issued - None - - Common stock, par value $0.10 per share; Authorized - 36,000,000 shares; Issued – 17,222,680 shares at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025; Outstanding – 17,026,828 shares at March 31, 2026, and June 30, 2025 1,722 1,722 Additional paid-in capital 10,156 10,156 Retained earnings 267,819 241,403 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,196 ) (13,536 ) Treasury stock, at cost 195,852 shares at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025 (908 ) (908 ) Total shareholders’ equity 267,593 238,837 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 3,181,155 $ 3,040,609 See notes to consolidated financial statements 3 Index Index Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Income For the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited) (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) For the three months ended March 31, For the nine months ended March 31, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Interest income: Loans $ 22,100 $ 20,185 $ 66,486 $ 58,908 Investment securities - tax exempt 5,543 5,053 16,231 14,464 Investment securities - taxable 4,578 3,810 13,240 10,777 Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold 357 731 1,741 2,817 Total interest income 32,578 29,779 97,698 86,966 Interest expense: Interest on deposits 11,975 12,999 39,263 41,543 Interest on borrowings 417 569 1,670 2,008 Total interest expense 12,392 13,568 40,933 43,551 Net interest income 20,186 16,211 56,765 43,415 Provision for credit losses 451 1,084 1,907 2,196 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 19,735 15,127 54,858 41,219 Noninterest income: Service charges on deposit accounts 1,185 1,191 3,789 3,690 Debit card fees 1,178 1,146 3,381 3,310 Investment services 298 297 846 797 E-commerce fees 34 16 90 87 Bank-owned life insurance 708 625 2,034 1,910 Loss on sale of securities available-for-sale - (665 ) (576 ) (665 ) Other operating income 296 1,246 1,277 2,339 Total noninterest income 3,699 3,856 10,841 11,468 Noninterest expense: Salaries and employee benefits 6,783 6,195 19,162 17,726 Occupancy expense 823 729 2,132 1,980 Equipment and furniture expense 173 226 592 569 Service and data processing fees 833 667 2,401 2,207 Computer software, supplies and support 543 427 1,541 1,186 Advertising and promotion 111 136 358 340 FDIC insurance premiums 373 353 1,110 1,022 Legal and professional fees 280 394 1,165 1,003 Other 1,356 915 3,334 2,945 Total noninterest expense 11,275 10,042 31,795 28,978 Income before provision for income taxes 12,159 8,941 33,904 23,709 Provision for income taxes 1,637 887 4,220 1,904 Net income $ 10,522 $ 8,054 29,684 $ 21,805 Basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.62 $ 0.47 1.74 $ 1.28 Basic and diluted average shares outstanding 17,026,828 17,026,828 17,026,828 17,026,828 See notes to consolidated financial statements 4 Index Index Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited) (In thousands) For the three months ended March 31, For the nine months ended March 31, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Net income $ 10,522 $ 8,054 $ 29,684 $ 21,805 Other comprehensive income: Unrealized holding (losses) gains on securities available-for-sale, gross (359 ) 3,760 2,049 6,172 Tax effect (96 ) 1,005 548 1,649 Unrealized holding (losses) gains on securities available-for-sale, net (263 ) 2,755 1,501 4,523 Reclassification adjustment for loss on sale of securities available-for-sale realized in net income, gross - 665 576 665 Tax effect - 178 154 178 Reclassification adjustment for loss on sale of securities available-for-sale realized in net income, net - 487 422 487 Pension actuarial gain (loss), gross 335 - (349 ) - Tax effect 89 - (94 ) - Pension actuarial gain (loss), net 246 - (255 ) - Amortization of pension actuarial losses recognized in other expense, gross 713 - 918 - Tax effect 191 - 246 - Amortization of pension actuarial losses recognized in other expense, net 522 - 672 - Total other comprehensive income, net of taxes 505 3,242 2,340 5,010 Comprehensive income $ 11,027 $ 11,296 32,024 $ 26,815 See notes to consolidated financial statements 5 Index Index Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited) (In thousands) Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock Total shareholders' equity Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 258,999 $ (11,701 ) $ (908 ) $ 258,268 Dividends declared (1,702 ) (1,702 ) Net income 10,522 10,522 Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 505 505 Balance at March 31, 2026 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 267,819 $ (11,196 ) $ (908 ) $ 267,593 Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock Total shareholders' equity Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 225,421 $ (17,942 ) $ (908 ) $ 218,449 Dividends declared (702 ) (702 ) Net income 8,054 8,054 Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 3,242 3,242 Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 232,773 $ (14,700 ) $ (908 ) $ 229,043 Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited) (In thousands) Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock Total shareholders' equity Balance at June 30, 2025 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 241,403 $ (13,536 ) $ (908 ) $ 238,837 Dividends declared (3,268 ) (3,268 ) Net income 29,684 29,684 Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 2,340 2,340 Balance at March 31, 2026 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 267,819 $ (11,196 ) $ (908 ) $ 267,593 Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock Total shareholders' equity Balance at June 30, 2024 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 214,740 $ (19,710 ) $ (908 ) $ 206,000 Dividends declared (3,772 ) (3,772 ) Net income 21,805 21,805 Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 5,010 5,010 Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 1,722 $ 10,156 $ 232,773 $ (14,700 ) $ (908 ) $ 229,043 See notes to consolidated financial statements 6 Index Index Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited) (In thousands) 2026 2025 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 29,684 $ 21,805 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 838 790 Deferred income tax benefit (2,611 ) (1,877 ) Net accretion of investment premiums and discounts (1,646 ) (259 ) Net amortization of deferred loan costs and fees 331 274 Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs 87 139 Provision for credit losses 1,907 2,196 Bank-owned life insurance income (2,034 ) (1,910 ) Net loss on sale of securities available-for-sale 576 665 Net loss (gain) on equity securities 47 (72 ) Net increase in accrued income taxes 534 384 Net increase in accrued interest receivable (3,689 ) (4,164 ) Net increase in prepaid expenses and other assets (328 ) (1,958 ) Net increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities 353 (1,248 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 24,049 14,765 Cash flows from investing activities: Securities available-for-sale: Proceeds from maturities 176,860 132,556 Proceeds from sale of securities 8,299 6,676 Purchases of securities (457,936 ) (193,953 ) Proceeds from principal payments on securities 261,620 55,971 Securities held-to-maturity: Proceeds from maturities 44,469 32,223 Purchases of securities (111,405 ) (136,916 ) Proceeds from principal payments on securities 29,480 13,527 Net (purchase) redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock (45 ) 3,462 Maturity of long-term certificates of deposit 200 1,185 Purchase of bank owned life insurance (6,345 ) - Net increase in loans receivable (120,901 ) (120,484 ) Purchases of premises and equipment (624 ) (386 ) Net cash used in investing activities (176,328 ) (206,139 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Net decrease in short-term borrowings (800 ) (73,300 ) Repayment of long-term borrowings - (31,961 ) Repayment of subordinated notes payable (20,000 ) - Payment of cash dividends (3,268 ) (3,772 ) Net increase in deposits 132,719 265,495 Net cash provided by financing activities 108,651 156,462 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (43,628 ) (34,912 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 183,078 190,395 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 139,450 $ 155,483 Cash paid during period for: Interest $ 41,497 $ 44,490 Income taxes $ 1,845 $ 825 See notes to consolidated financial statements 7 Index Index Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements At and for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation Within the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related notes to the consolidated financial statements, the June 30, 2025 data was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and notes of Greene County Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Bank of Greene County (the “Bank”) and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Greene County Commercial Bank (the “Commercial Bank”) and Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. The interim consolidated financial statements at and for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are unaudited. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of certain Variable Interest Entities (“VIE(s)”). In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for consolidations, the Company consolidates a VIE if it has (i) a variable interest in the entity; (ii) the power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance; and (iii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE (i.e., we are considered to be the primary beneficiary). The Company uses the equity method to account for unconsolidated investments in VIEs if it has significant influence over the entity’s operating and financing decision. Unconsolidated investments in VIEs in which the Company does not have significant influence, are carried at a cost measurement alternative. See Note 14, Variable Interest Entities for information on our involvement with VIEs. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. To the extent that information and notes required by GAAP, for complete financial statements, are contained in or are consistent with the audited financial statements incorporated by reference to Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025, such information and notes have not been duplicated herein. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented have been included. Certain previous years’ amounts in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The results of operations and other data for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2026. These consolidated financial statements consider events that occurred through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Nature of Operations The Company’s primary business is the ownership and operation of its subsidiaries. At March 31, 2026, the Company operated 19 full-service banking offices, lending centers, an operations center, customer call center, administration center, and wealth management center, located in its market area consisting of the Hudson Valley and Capital District Regions of New York State. The Bank is primarily engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public in the Bank’s market area, and investing such deposits, together with other sources of funds, in loans and investment securities. The Commercial Bank’s primary business is to attract deposits from and provide banking services to local municipalities. Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. was formed as a New York corporation that has elected under the Internal Revenue Code to be a real estate investment trust. Currently, certain mortgages and loan notes held by the Bank are transferred and beneficially owned by Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. The Bank continues to service these loans. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans and on unfunded commitments. 8 Index Index (2) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which will require public entities to disclose annually a tabular rate reconciliation, including specific items such as state and local income tax, tax credits, nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others, and a separate disclosure requiring disaggregation of reconciling items as described above which equal or exceed 5% of the product of multiplying income from continuing operations by the applicable statutory income tax rate. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company’s adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40), which will require enhanced disaggregation of certain expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. The disclosure will require disaggregation of certain income statement expenses including employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset amortization. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270), Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the interim reporting requirements by improving navigability and more clearly specifying what disclosures are required in an interim reporting period applicable to Topic 270. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. (3) Securities The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale by major type: At March 31, 2026 (In thousands) Amortized cost (1) Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair value U.S. Treasury securities $ 5,836 $ - $ 47 $ 5,789 U.S. government sponsored enterprises 7,097 - 726 6,371 State and political subdivisions 214,530 1,113 - 215,643 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 53,539 209 2,869 50,879 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family 88,524 - 12,620 75,904 Corporate debt securities 15,954 57 396 15,615 Total securities available-for-sale $ 385,480 $ 1,379 $ 16,658 $ 370,201 At June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Amortized cost (1) Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair value U.S. Treasury securities $ 10,815 $ - $ 362 $ 10,453 U.S. government sponsored enterprises 13,029 - 1,385 11,644 State and political subdivisions 208,450 1,394 - 209,844 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 34,382 212 3,007 31,587 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family 88,874 - 14,277 74,597 Corporate debt securities 18,416 81 560 17,937 Total securities available-for-sale $ 373,966 $ 1,687 $ 19,591 $ 356,062 (1) Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable of $5.1 million and $4.5 million at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively, which is included in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated statements of financial condition. There was no allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale as of quarter ended March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, as each of the securities in the portfolio are investment grade, current as to principal and interest, and their price changes are consistent with interest and credit spreads when adjusting for convexity, rating, and industry differences. 9 Index Index The following tables summarize the amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit loss on securities held-to-maturity by major type: At March 31, 2026 (In thousands) Amortized cost (1) Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair value Allowance Net carrying value U.S. Treasury securities $ 13,890 $ - $ 633 $ 13,257 $ - $ 13,890 State and political subdivisions 479,636 10,492 27,595 462,533 52 479,584 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 171,074 1,066 2,489 169,651 - 171,074 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family 121,738 - 9,727 112,011 - 121,738 Corporate debt securities 28,500 166 1,066 27,600 497 28,003 Other securities 26 - - 26 1 25 Total securities held-to-maturity $ 814,864 $ 11,724 $ 41,510 $ 785,078 $ 550 $ 814,314 At June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Amortized cost (1) Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair value Allowance Net carrying value U.S. Treasury securities $ 15,850 $ - $ 868 $ 14,982 $ - $ 15,850 State and political subdivisions 460,959 8,938 32,028 437,869 40 460,919 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 138,468 1,388 2,327 137,529 - 138,468 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family 130,119 - 11,963 118,156 - 130,119 Corporate debt securities 31,270 55 1,756 29,569 507 30,763 Other securities 29 - - 29 1 28 Total securities held-to-maturity $ 776,695 $ 10,381 $ 48,942 $ 738,134 $ 548 $ 776,147 (1) Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable of $7.0 million and $4.9 million at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively, which is included in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated statements of financial condition. U.S. Treasury and mortgage-backed securities are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly and/or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government as to timely repayment of principal and interest, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of zero credit losses. Therefore, the Company determined a zero credit loss assumption and did not calculate or record an allowance for credit loss for these securities. An allowance for credit losses on investment securities held-to-maturity has been recorded for certain municipal securities issued by state and political subdivisions and corporate debt securities, to account for expected lifetime credit loss using the Current Expected Credited Losses (“CECL”) methodology. The Company’s current policies generally limit securities investments to U.S. government and securities of government sponsored enterprises, federal funds sold, municipal bonds, corporate debt obligations, subordinated debt of banks and certain mutual funds. In addition, the Company’s policies permit investments in mortgage-backed securities, including securities issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and GNMA, and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by these entities. As of March 31, 2026, all mortgage-backed securities including collateralized mortgage obligations were securities of government sponsored enterprises, no private-label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations were held in the securities portfolio. The Company’s investments in state and political subdivisions securities generally are municipal obligations that are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured. The obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid. Primarily, these investments are issued by municipalities within New York State. The Company’s current securities investment strategy utilizes a risk management approach of diversified investing among three categories: short-, intermediate- and long-term. The emphasis of this approach is to increase overall investment securities yields while managing interest rate risk. The Company will only invest in high quality securities, as determined by management’s analysis at the time of purchase. The Company generally does not engage in any balance sheet derivative or hedging investment transactions, such as balance sheet interest rate swaps or caps. 10 Index Index The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity: For the three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 Balance at beginning of period $ 616 $ 439 Benefit for credit losses (66 ) (17 ) Balance at end of period $ 550 $ 422 For the nine months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 Balance at beginning of period $ 548 $ 483 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 2 (61 ) Balance at end of period $ 550 $ 422 The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2026. Less than 12 Months More than 12 Months Total (In thousands, except number of securities) Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Securities available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities $ 245 $ - 1 $ 5,544 $ 47 3 $ 5,789 $ 47 4 U.S. government sponsored enterprises - - - 6,371 726 2 6,371 726 2 State and political subdivisions - - - 22 - 1 22 - 1 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 18,040 294 7 19,469 2,575 17 37,509 2,869 24 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family - - - 75,904 12,620 30 75,904 12,620 30 Corporate debt securities 443 57 1 13,160 339 8 13,603 396 9 Total securities available-for-sale 18,728 351 9 120,470 16,307 61 139,198 16,658 70 Securities held-to-maturity: U.S. Treasury securities - - - 13,257 633 4 13,257 633 4 State and political subdivisions 28,030 742 208 212,156 26,853 1,282 240,186 27,595 1,490 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 72,274 689 21 23,971 1,800 23 96,245 2,489 44 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family - - - 112,011 9,727 42 112,011 9,727 42 Corporate debt securities 6,876 124 3 14,307 942 16 21,183 1,066 19 Total securities held-to-maturity 107,180 1,555 232 375,702 39,955 1,367 482,882 41,510 1,599 Total securities $ 125,908 $ 1,906 241 $ 496,172 $ 56,262 1,428 $ 622,080 $ 58,168 1,669 11 Index Index The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2025. Less than 12 months More than 12 months Total (In thousands, except number of securities) Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Securities available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities $ 241 $ 1 1 $ 10,212 $ 361 5 $ 10,453 $ 362 6 U.S. government sponsored enterprises - - - 11,644 1,385 5 11,644 1,385 5 State and political subdivisions - - - 43 - 1 43 - 1 Mortgage-backed securities-residential - - - 20,872 3,007 21 20,872 3,007 21 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family - - - 74,597 14,277 30 74,597 14,277 30 Corporate debt securities - - - 15,919 560 11 15,919 560 11 Total securities available-for-sale 241 1 1 133,287 19,590 73 133,528 19,591 74 Securities held-to-maturity: U.S. Treasury securities - - - 14,982 868 5 14,982 868 5 State and political subdivisions 23,577 339 154 231,645 31,689 1,511 255,222 32,028 1,665 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 9,470 151 4 26,541 2,176 26 36,011 2,327 30 Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family - - - 118,156 11,963 45 118,156 11,963 45 Corporate debt securities 3,705 45 3 22,209 1,711 17 25,914 1,756 20 Total securities held-to-maturity 36,752 535 161 413,533 48,407 1,604 450,285 48,942 1,765 Total securities $ 36,993 $ 536 162 $ 546,820 $ 67,997 1,677 $ 583,813 $ 68,533 1,839 There were no transfers of securities available-for-sale to held-to-maturity during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. During the nine months ended March 31, 2026, a loss of $576,000 was recognized from a sale of four securities available-for-sale with a total par value of $8.3 million. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, a loss of $665,000 was recognized from a sale of two securities available-for-sale with a total par value of $7.0 million. The proceeds were used to fund higher yielding investments. The estimated fair values of debt securities at March 31, 2026, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. (In thousands) Securities available-for-sale Amortized cost Fair value Within one year $ 224,210 $ 225,189 After one year through five years 17,707 16,915 After five years through ten years 1,500 1,314 After ten years - - Total securities available-for-sale 243,417 243,418 Mortgage-backed securities 142,063 126,783 Total securities available-for-sale 385,480 370,201 Securities held-to-maturity Within one year 59,684 59,855 After one year through five years 165,386 166,259 After five years through ten years 219,887 204,021 After ten years 77,095 73,281 Total securities held-to-maturity 522,052 503,416 Mortgage-backed securities 292,812 281,662 Total securities held-to-maturity 814,864 785,078 Total securities $ 1,200,344 $ 1,155,279 At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, securities with an aggregate fair value of $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral for deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limits for various municipalities placing deposits with the Commercial Bank. At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, securities with an aggregate fair value of $15.9 million and $18.2 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. The Company did not participate in any securities lending programs during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025. 12 Index Index Federal Home Loan Bank Stock Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system to hold stock of its district FHLB according to a predetermined formula. This stock is restricted in that it can only be sold to the FHLB or to another member institution, and all sales of FHLB stock must be at par. As a result of these restrictions FHLB stock is carried at cost. FHLB stock is held as a long-term investment and its value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. Estimated impairment of this investment is evaluated quarterly and is a matter of judgment that reflects management’s view of the FHLB’s long-term performance, which includes factors such as the following: its operating performance; the severity and duration of declines in the fair value of its net assets related to its capital stock amount; its commitment to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to its operating performance; the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the FHLB, and accordingly, on the members of the FHLB; and its liquidity and funding position. After evaluating these considerations, the Company concluded that the par value of its investment in FHLB stock will be recovered and therefore, no impairment was recorded during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025. (4) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Loan segments are summarized below as of the dates indicated: (In thousands) March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Residential real estate $ 415,749 $ 417,719 Commercial real estate 1,151,349 1,054,504 Home equity 41,779 34,103 Consumer 3,845 4,311 Commercial 134,981 116,769 Total gross loans (1)(2) 1,747,703 1,627,406 Allowance for credit losses on loans (21,778 ) (20,146 ) Loans receivable, net $ 1,725,925 $ 1,607,260 (1) Loan balances include net deferred fees/(costs) of ($490,000) and ($567,000) at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. (2) Loan balances exclude accrued interest receivable of $8.0 million and $7.0 million at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively, which is included in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Non-accrual Loans Management places loans on non-accrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A non-accrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as non-accrual. Loans on non-accrual status totaled $3.1 million at March 31, 2026, of which there were four residential real estate loans totaling $644,000 in the process of foreclosure. Included in non-accrual loans were $1.7 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at March 31, 2026, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Loans on non-accrual status totaled $3.1 million at June 30, 2025, of which there were one commercial real estate loan totaling $142,000 and three residential real estate loans totaling $841,000 in the process of foreclosure. Included in non-accrual loans were $1.2 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2025, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. The activity in non-performing loans during the nine months ended March 31, 2026, included $763,000 in loan repayments, $84,000 in charge-offs or transfers to foreclosure, and $860,000 of loans placed into nonperforming status. 13 Index Index The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2026: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total loans Loans on non- accrual Residential real estate $ 4,212 $ 133 $ 870 $ 5,215 $ 410,534 $ 415,749 $ 2,180 Commercial real estate 548 2,661 326 3,535 1,147,814 1,151,349 556 Home equity 14 128 29 171 41,608 41,779 202 Consumer 17 - 6 23 3,822 3,845 6 Commercial 82 - 129 211 134,770 134,981 129 Total gross loans $ 4,873 $ 2,922 $ 1,360 $ 9,155 $ 1,738,548 $ 1,747,703 $ 3,073 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2025: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total loans Loans on non- accrual Residential real estate $ - $ 775 $ 1,362 $ 2,137 $ 415,582 $ 417,719 $ 2,265 Commercial real estate - 209 367 576 1,053,928 1,054,504 628 Home equity 85 13 30 128 33,975 34,103 30 Consumer 20 3 2 25 4,286 4,311 2 Commercial - - 106 106 116,663 116,769 135 Total gross loans $ 105 $ 1,000 $ 1,867 $ 2,972 $ 1,624,434 $ 1,627,406 $ 3,060 The Company had no accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for the loan portfolio is established through a provision for credit losses based on the results of life of loan quantitative models, reserves associated with collateral-dependent loans individually evaluated and adjustments for the impact of current economic conditions not accounted for in the quantitative models. The discounted cash flow methodology is used to calculate the ACL on loans for the residential real estate, commercial real estate, home equity and commercial loan segments. The Company uses a four-quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period based on the one-year percent change in national GDP and the national unemployment rate, as economic variables. The forecast will revert to long-term economic conditions over a four-quarter reversion period on a straight-line basis. The remaining life method will be utilized to determine the ACL for the consumer loan segment. A qualitative factor framework has been developed to adjust the quantitative loss rates for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date. The Company elected to use the practical expedient to evaluate loans individually, if they are collateral dependent loans that are on non-accrual status with a balance of $250,000 or greater, which is consistent with regulatory requirements. The fair value of the collateral dependent loan less selling expenses will be compared to the loan balance to determine if an ACL on loans is required. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, additions or reductions to the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another. These fluctuations are reflective of changes in the reasonable and supportable forecast, analysis of loans individually evaluated, and/or changes in management’s assessment of the qualitative factors. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Company charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time, or that it will cost the Company more than it will receive and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. Included within consumer loan charge-offs and recoveries are deposit accounts that have been overdrawn in excess of 60 days. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The allowance for credit losses is increased by a provision for credit losses (which results in a charge to expense) and recoveries of loans previously charged off and is reduced by charge-offs. 14 Index Index The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans by segment: Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 (In thousands) Residential real estate Commercial real estate Home equity Consumer Commercial Total Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 4,625 $ 13,419 $ 340 $ 318 $ 2,632 $ 21,334 Charge-offs - - - (100 ) (6 ) (106 ) Recoveries - 1 - 23 9 33 Provision (benefit) (10 ) 345 4 59 119 517 Balance at March 31, 2026 $ 4,615 $ 13,765 $ 344 $ 300 $ 2,754 $ 21,778 Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 (In thousands) Residential real estate Commercial real estate Home equity Consumer Commercial Total Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 4,531 $ 12,933 $ 234 $ 414 $ 2,079 $ 20,191 Charge-offs - - - (93 ) (44 ) (137 ) Recoveries - 1 - 31 9 41 Provision 65 865 6 53 112 1,101 Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 4,596 $ 13,799 $ 240 $ 405 $ 2,156 $ 21,196 Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 (In thousands) Residential real estate Commercial real estate Home equity Consumer Commercial Total Balance at June 30, 2025 $ 4,613 $ 12,614 $ 260 $ 381 $ 2,278 $ 20,146 Charge-offs (43 ) - - (285 ) (51 ) (379 ) Recoveries 2 3 - 78 23 106 Provision 43 1,148 84 126 504 1,905 Balance at March 31, 2026 $ 4,615 $ 13,765 $ 344 $ 300 $ 2,754 $ 21,778 Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 (In thousands) Residential real estate Commercial real estate Home equity Consumer Commercial Total Balance at June 30, 2024 $ 4,237 $ 12,218 $ 212 $ 500 $ 2,077 $ 19,244 Charge-offs (44) (5 ) (13 ) (293 ) (57 ) (412 ) Recoveries 2 3 - 75 27 107 Provision 401 1,583 41 123 109 2,257 Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 4,596 $ 13,799 $ 240 $ 405 $ 2,156 $ 21,196 Credit monitoring process Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help monitor any change in borrower risk during the life cycle of their loan. The Company utilizes a credit quality grading system that is used at loan inception and updated as appropriate based on an annual review process. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk and identify any portfolio trends that could impact profitability. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, the Company provides for the classification of loans, such as “Pass,” “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications. Commercial grading system Loss Loss ratings are loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Company is not warranted. Loss rating does not necessarily mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, however, it is not practical or desirable to defer charging off the loan. 15 Index Index Doubtful Doubtful ratings are loans that have all the weakness inherent in loans classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful ratings generally are non-performing and considered to have a high risk of default. Substandard Substandard ratings are loans that possess well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss, if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard ratings are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged, if any. Special mention Special mention ratings are loans that have potential weaknesses or emerging problems which require close attention. These weaknesses, if left uncorrected, could lead to deterioration in the repayment prospects for the loan or the Company’s collateral position in the future. Special mention loans are less risky than substandard assets as no loss of principal or interest is anticipated, unless the potential problems continue for a prolonged basis. Pass Pass ratings are loans that do not encompass loans graded as Loss, Doubtful, Substandard, or Special mention. Pass loans range from Pass/Watch, Acceptable, Average, Satisfactory, Good and Excellent. Pass loans demonstrate sufficient cash flow to ensure full repayment of the loan, with Pass ratings being determined by the quality of the collateral and equity position, stability of operations or management, and the guarantors. Residential and consumer grading system Residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are graded as either non-performing or performing. Non-performing Non-performing loans are loans in which the borrower has not made the scheduled payments of principal or interest, and are generally loans over 90 days past due, and loans on non-accrual status. Performing Performing loans are those loans in which the borrower is making timely payments of both principal and interest as upon the agreed loan terms. 16 Index Index The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Company’s loans by class and vintage and includes gross charge-offs by loan class and vintage as of the nine months ended March 31, 2026: At March 31, 2026 Term loans amortized cost basis by origination year Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total (In thousands) 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Residential real estate By payment activity status: Performing $ 28,535 $ 45,110 $ 51,757 $ 51,923 $ 79,569 $ 156,675 $ - $ - $ 413,569 Non-performing - - - - 52 2,128 - - 2,180 Total residential real estate 28,535 45,110 51,757 51,923 79,621 158,803 - - 415,749 Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - 43 - - 43 Commercial real estate By internally assigned grade: Pass 124,078 221,081 118,960 169,053 222,328 264,016 3,055 433 1,123,004 Special mention - 592 1,050 1,142 640 2,987 - - 6,411 Substandard - - - 8,863 150 12,849 - 72 21,934 Total commercial real estate 124,078 221,673 120,010 179,058 223,118 279,852 3,055 505 1,151,349 Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Home equity By payment activity status: Performing 2,756 2,457 3,609 2,012 192 927 29,151 473 41,577 Non-performing - - - - - - 202 - 202 Total home equity 2,756 2,457 3,609 2,012 192 927 29,353 473 41,779 Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - - Consumer By payment activity status: Performing 1,242 956 851 407 167 146 70 - 3,839 Non-performing - - 6 - - - - - 6 Total Consumer 1,242 956 857 407 167 146 70 - 3,845 Current period gross charge-offs 238 7 38 - - 1 1 - 285 Commercial By internally assigned grade: Pass 26,592 9,632 9,324 6,728 3,555 23,578 48,879 178 128,466 Special mention - - - - 94 244 160 - 498 Substandard - - - 9 5,433 499 50 26 6,017 Total Commercial $ 26,592 $ 9,632 $ 9,324 $ 6,737 $ 9,082 $ 24,321 $ 49,089 $ 204 $ 134,981 Current period gross charge-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 51 $ - $ 51 17 Index Index The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Company’s loans by class and vintage and includes gross charge-offs by loan class and vintage as of the twelve months ended June 30, 2025: At June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Term loans amortized cost basis by origination year Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Residential real estate By payment activity status: Performing $ 42,672 $ 55,665 $ 58,277 $ 85,153 $ 71,560 $ 102,127 $ - $ - $ 415,454 Non-performing - - - 56 - 2,209 - - 2,265 Total residential real estate 42,672 55,665 58,277 85,209 71,560 104,336 - - 417,719 Current period gross charge-offs - - - - 44 - - - 44 Commercial real estate By internally assigned grade: Pass 192,619 120,883 177,469 228,960 116,680 177,025 3,913 5,032 1,022,581 Special mention - 479 1,339 656 263 4,747 - - 7,484 Substandard - - 9,078 - 209 14,942 - 210 24,439 Total commercial real estate 192,619 121,362 187,886 229,616 117,152 196,714 3,913 5,242 1,054,504 Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - 5 - - 5 Home equity By payment activity status: Performing 2,753 4,761 2,437 229 315 791 22,637 150 34,073 Non-performing - - - - - - 30 - 30 Total home equity 2,753 4,761 2,437 229 315 791 22,667 150 34,103 Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - 13 - 13 Consumer By payment activity status: Performing 1,631 1,371 689 346 149 51 72 - 4,309 Non-performing 2 - - - - - - - 2 Total Consumer 1,633 1,371 689 346 149 51 72 - 4,311 Current period gross charge-offs 335 40 - 10 1 - - - 386 Commercial By internally assigned grade: Pass 11,917 11,031 8,157 4,584 12,482 15,106 45,905 68 109,250 Special mention - - - 50 - 93 238 183 564 Substandard - - - 6,279 30 568 78 - 6,955 Total Commercial $ 11,917 $ 11,031 $ 8,157 $ 10,913 $ 12,512 $ 15,767 $ 46,221 $ 251 $ 116,769 Current period gross charge-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 38 $ 28 $ - $ 66 The Company had no loans classified doubtful or loss at March 31, 2026 or June 30, 2025. Management continues to monitor classified loan relationships closely. Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company has exposure to a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments exposure is recognized in other liabilities and is adjusted through a provision expense in other noninterest expense. At March 31, 2026, the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments totaled $1.3 million as compared to $1.8 million at June 30, 2025. 18 Index Index Individually Evaluated Loans Loans individually evaluated had an amortized cost basis of $915,000 and $751,000, with an allowance for credit losses on loans of $472,000 and $549,000 at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. At March 31, 2026, the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans was $742,000 for residential real estate loans and $173,000 for home equity loans. At June 30, 2025, the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans was $751,000 for residential real estate loans. The allowance for credit loss for collateral dependent loans is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell at the reporting date. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties When the Company modifies a loan for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, such modifications generally include one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date; a stated rate of interest not at the market rate for new debt with similar risk; a change in the scheduled payment amount; or principal forgiveness. The Company works with loan customers experiencing financial difficulty and may enter into loan modifications to achieve the best mutual outcome given the financial circumstances of the borrower. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by type of concession granted: For the three months ended March 31, 2026 Term extension (Dollars in thousands) Amortized cost Percentage of total class Commercial real estate $ 299 0.03 % Total $ 299 For the three months ended March 31, 2025 Term extension (Dollars in thousands) Amortized cost Percentage of total class Commercial real estate $ 299 0.03 % Total $ 299 For the nine months ended March 31, 2026 Term extension Interest rate reduction (Dollars in thousands) Amortized cost Percentage of total class Amortized cost Percentage of total class Commercial real estate $ 371 0.03 % $ 2,451 0.21 % Total $ 371 $ 2,451 For the nine months ended March 31, 2025 Term extension Interest rate reduction (Dollars in thousands) Amortized cost Percentage of total class Amortized cost Percentage of total class Commercial real estate $ 299 0.03 % $ 2,545 0.24 % Total $ 299 $ 2,545 19 Index Index The following tables presents the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: For the three months ended March 31, 2026 Loan type Term extension Commercial real estate 6 month term extension For the three months ended March 31, 2025 Loan type Term extension Commercial real estate 12 month term extension For the nine months ended March 31, 2026 Loan type Term extension Interest rate reduction Commercial real estate 6 and 39 month term extensions Interest rates were reduced by an average of 1.00% For the nine months ended March 31, 2025 Loan type Term extension Interest rate reduction Commercial real estate 12 month term extension Interest rates were reduced by an average of 1.45% There were no loans that had been modified with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the prior twelve months ended March 31, 2026, that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026. There was one commercial real estate loan and one consumer loan that had been modified in the form of a term extension with a borrower experiencing financial difficulty in the prior twelve months ended March 31, 2025, that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025. The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that have been modified. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the prior twelve months at amortized cost basis: At March 31, 2026 (In thousands) Current 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total Commercial real estate $ 2,822 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,822 Total $ 2,822 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,822 At March 31, 2025 (In thousands) Current 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total Commercial real estate $ 6,606 $ 299 $ - $ - $ 6,905 Consumer - 16 - - 16 Total $ 6,606 $ 315 $ - $ - $ 6,921 Foreclosed real estate Foreclosed real estate (“FRE”) consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings, deed in lieu of foreclosure or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, the Company had no foreclosed real estate. 20 Index Index (5) Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sale transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different from the amounts reported at each period-end. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The FASB ASC Topic 820 on “Fair Value Measurement” established a fair value hierarchy that prioritized the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value measurements are not adjusted for transaction costs. A fair value hierarchy exists within GAAP that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity). An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. For assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used are as follows: Fair Value Measurements Using Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant other observable inputs Significant unobservable inputs (In thousands) March 31, 2026 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: U.S. Treasury securities $ 5,789 $ - $ 5,789 $ - U.S. government sponsored enterprises 6,371 - 6,371 - State and political subdivisions 215,643 - 215,643 - Mortgage-backed securities-residential 50,879 - 50,879 - Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family 75,904 - 75,904 - Corporate debt securities 15,615 - 15,615 - Securities available-for-sale 370,201 - 370,201 - Equity securities 355 355 - - Interest rate swaps 3,823 - 3,823 - Total $ 374,379 $ 355 $ 374,024 $ - Liabilities: Interest rate swaps $ 3,823 $ - $ 3,823 $ - Total $ 3,823 $ - $ 3,823 $ - 21 Index Index Fair Value Measurements Using Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant other observable inputs Significant Unobservable inputs (In thousands) June 30, 2025 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: U.S. Treasury securities $ 10,453 $ - $ 10,453 $ - U.S. government sponsored enterprises 11,644 - 11,644 - State and political subdivisions 209,844 - 209,844 - Mortgage-backed securities-residential 31,587 - 31,587 - Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family 74,597 - 74,597 - Corporate debt securities 17,937 - 17,937 - Securities available-for-sale 356,062 - 356,062 - Equity securities 402 402 - - Interest rate swaps 4,733 - 4,733 - Total $ 361,197 $ 402 $ 360,795 $ - Liabilities: Interest rate swaps $ 4,733 $ - $ 4,733 $ - Total $ 4,733 $ - $ 4,733 $ - Certain investments that are actively traded and have quoted market prices have been classified as Level 1 valuations. Other investment securities available-for-sale have been valued by reference to prices for similar securities or through model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable and, therefore, such valuations have been classified as Level 2. In addition to disclosures of the fair value of assets on a recurring basis, FASB ASC Topic 820 on “Fair Value Measurement” requires disclosures for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans individually evaluated for expected credit losses in the period in which a re-measurement at fair value is performed. The Company uses the fair value of underlying collateral, less costs to sell, to estimate the allowance for credit losses for individually evaluated loans. Management may modify the appraised values, for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses ranging from 21.3% to 88.3%. Such modifications to the appraised values could result in lower valuations of such collateral. Based on the valuation techniques used, the fair value measurements for loans evaluated individually are classified as Level 3. Fair values for foreclosed real estate are initially recorded at the estimated fair value of the property less estimated costs to dispose at the time of acquisition to establish a new carrying value. Values are derived from appraisals, similar to loans individually evaluated for expected credit loss, of underlying collateral. Any write-downs from the carrying value of the loan to estimated fair value, which are required at the time of foreclosure, are charged to the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent adjustments to the carrying value of such properties resulting from declines in fair value result in the establishment of a valuation allowance and are charged to operations in the period in which the declines occur. In the determination of fair value subsequent to foreclosure, management may modify the appraised values, for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. Such modifications to the appraised values could result in lower valuations of such collateral. Based on the valuation techniques used, the fair value measurements for foreclosed real estate are classified as Level 3. March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Fair value hierarchy Carrying amount Estimated fair value Carrying amount Estimated fair value Loans evaluated individually 3 $ 915 443 $ 751 $ 202 No other financial assets or liabilities were re-measured during the three and nine month period on a nonrecurring basis. 22 Index Index The carrying amounts reported in the statements of financial condition for total cash and cash equivalents, long-term certificates of deposit, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximate their fair values. Fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices (Level 1), where available, or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. The carrying amount of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value due to its restricted nature. The fair values for loans are measured using the "exit price" notion, which is a reasonable estimate of what another party might pay in an orderly transaction. Fair values for variable rate loans that reprice frequently, with no significant credit risk, are based on carrying value. Fair values for fixed rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values disclosed for demand and savings deposits are equal to carrying amounts at the reporting date. The carrying amounts for variable rate money market deposits approximate fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for long- term certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered in the market on similar certificates. Fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered on similar borrowings. The carrying value of short-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings approximates its fair value. Fair value for subordinated notes payable is estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology or observations of recent highly-similar transactions. Fair value for interest rate swaps include any accrued interest and are valued using the present value of cash flows discounted using observable forward rate assumptions. The Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments are as follows: March 31, 2026 Fair value measurements using (In thousands) Carrying amount Fair value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Cash and cash equivalents $ 139,450 $ 139,450 $ 139,450 $ - $ - Long-term certificate of deposit 1,225 1,226 - 1,226 - Securities available-for-sale 370,201 370,201 - 370,201 - Securities held-to-maturity 814,314 785,078 - 785,078 - Equity securities 355 355 355 - - Federal Home Loan Bank stock 5,549 5,549 - 5,549 - Net loans receivable 1,725,925 1,667,977 - - 1,667,977 Accrued interest receivable 20,070 20,070 - 20,070 - Interest rate swap asset 3,823 3,823 - 3,823 - Deposits 2,772,554 2,771,714 - 2,771,714 - Borrowings 77,389 77,514 - 77,514 - Subordinated notes payable, net 29,954 29,089 - 29,089 - Accrued interest payable 707 707 - 707 - Interest rate swap liability 3,823 3,823 - 3,823 - June 30, 2025 Fair value measurements using (In thousands) Carrying amount Fair value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Cash and cash equivalents $ 183,078 $ 183,078 $ 183,078 $ - $ - Long-term certificate of deposit 1,425 1,421 - 1,421 - Securities available-for-sale 356,062 356,062 - 356,062 - Securities held-to-maturity 776,147 738,134 - 738,134 - Equity securities 402 402 402 - - Federal Home Loan Bank stock 5,504 5,504 - 5,504 - Net loans receivable 1,607,260 1,536,150 - - 1,536,150 Accrued interest receivable 16,381 16,381 - 16,381 - Interest rate swap asset 4,733 4,733 - 4,733 - Deposits 2,639,835 2,639,246 - 2,639,246 - Borrowings 78,189 78,346 - 78,346 - Subordinated notes payable, net 49,867 48,485 - 48,485 - Accrued interest payable 1,271 1,271 - 1,271 - Interest rate swap liability 4,733 4,733 - 4,733 - 23 Index Index (6) Derivative Instruments The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its assets and liabilities. The Company has interest rate derivatives that result from a service provided to certain qualifying customers and therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The Company manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements with its commercial customers to provide them with a long-term fixed rate, while simultaneously entering into offsetting interest rate swap agreements with a counterparty to swap the fixed rate to a variable rate to manage interest rate exposure. These interest rate swap agreements are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. As the interest rate swap agreements have substantially equivalent and offsetting terms, they do not present any material exposure to the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company records its interest rate swap agreements at fair value and are presented within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities arising from these derivatives are included net, in other operating income in the consolidated statements of income. Under terms of the agreements with the third-party counterparties, the Company provides cash collateral to the counterparty, when required for the initial trade. Subsequent to the trade, the margin is exchanged in either direction based upon the estimated fair value of the underlying contracts. Cash collateral represents the amount that is exchanged under master netting agreements that allows the Company to offset the derivative position with the related collateral. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements. The following tables present the notional amount and fair values of interest rate derivative positions: At March 31, 2026 Asset derivatives Liability derivatives (In thousands) Statement of financial condition location Notional amount Fair value Statement of financial condition location Notional amount Fair value Interest rate derivatives Other assets $ 169,310 $ 3,823 Other liabilities $ 169,310 $ 3,823 Less cash collateral - Other liabilities (3,240 ) Total after netting $ 3,823 $ 583 At June 30, 2025 Asset derivatives Liability derivatives (In thousands) Statement of financial condition location Notional amount Fair value Statement of financial condition location Notional amount Fair value Interest rate derivatives Other assets $ 140,777 $ 4,733 Other liabilities $ 140,777 $ 4,733 Less cash collateral - Other liabilities (4,280 ) Total after netting $ 4,733 $ 453 Risk Participation Agreements Risk participation agreements (“RPAs”) are guarantees issued by the Company to other parties for a fee, whereby the Company agrees to participate in the credit risk of a derivative customer of the other party. Under the terms of these agreements, the “participating bank” receives a fee from the “lead bank” in exchange for the guarantee of reimbursement if the customer defaults on an interest rate swap. The interest rate swap is transacted such that any and all exchanges of interest payments (favorable and unfavorable) are made between the lead bank and the customer. In the event that an early termination of the swap occurs and the customer is unable to make a required close out payment, the participating bank assumes that obligation and is required to make this payment. 24 Index Index RPAs in which the Company acts as the lead bank are referred to as “participations-out,” in reference to the credit risk associated with the customer derivatives being transferred out of the Company. Participations-out generally occur concurrently with the sale of new customer derivatives. The RPAs participations-out are spread out over three financial institution counterparties and terms range between three to nine years. The Company’s credit exposure transferred out was $258,000 and $506,000 as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company transferred out RPAs with a notional amount of $22.4 million and $18.9 million as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. RPAs where the Company acts as the participating bank are referred to as “participations-in,” in reference to the credit risk associated with the counterparty’s derivatives being assumed by the Company. The Company’s maximum credit exposure is based on its proportionate share of the settlement amount of the referenced interest rate swap. Settlement amounts are generally calculated based on the fair value of the swap plus outstanding accrued interest receivables from the customer. The RPAs participations-ins are spread out over five financial institution counterparties and terms range between one to eleven years. The credit exposure associated with risk participations-ins was $600,000 and $1.0 million as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company held RPAs with a notional amount of $153.1 million and $130.9 million as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. (7) Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed in a manner similar to that of basic EPS except that the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of incremental common shares that would have been outstanding under the treasury stock method if all potentially dilutive common shares (such as stock options) issued became vested during the period. Unallocated common shares held by the ESOP are not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for either the basic or diluted EPS calculations. There were no dilutive or anti-dilutive securities or contracts outstanding during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For the three months ended March 31, For the nine months ended March 31, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Net Income $ 10,522,000 $ 8,054,000 $ 29,684,000 $ 21,805,000 Weighted average shares - basic 17,026,828 17,026,828 17,026,828 17,026,828 Weighted average shares - diluted 17,026,828 17,026,828 17,026,828 17,026,828 Earnings per share - basic $ 0.62 $ 0.47 $ 1.74 $ 1.28 Earnings per share - diluted $ 0.62 $ 0.47 $ 1.74 $ 1.28 (8) Dividends On January 21, 2026, the Company announced that its Board of Directors has approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share on the Company’s common stock. The dividend reflects an annual cash dividend rate of $0.40 per share, which is the same rate as the dividend declared during the previous quarter. The dividend was payable to stockholders of record as of February 13, 2026, and was paid on February 27, 2026. Greene County Bancorp, MHC did not waive its right to receive this dividend. (9) Employee Benefit Plans Defined Benefit Plan The Bank maintained a single-employer defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”). Effective January 1, 2006, the Board of Directors of the Bank resolved to exclude from membership in the Pension Plan employees hired on or after January 1, 2006, and elected to cease additional benefit accruals to existing Pension Plan participants effective July 1, 2006. Substantially all Bank employees who were hired before January 1, 2006, and attained the age of 21 were covered by the Pension Plan. Under the Pension Plan, retirement benefits were primarily a function of both years of service and level of compensation, at July 1, 2006. The Pension Plan was frozen. On September 16, 2025, the Board of Directors approved the termination of the Pension Plan effective as of September 30, 2025. The Pension Plan assets were sufficient to cover the estimated Pension Plan obligations. 25 Index Index During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, the Company initiated the Pension Plan termination process and partially settled benefit obligations, recognizing a settlement charge of $199,000. The charge was included in other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company settled the remaining Pension Plan obligations with the purchase of annuities from a third-party insurer for approximately $3.5 million. As a result of the final settlement, the Company recognized an additional non-cash settlement charge of approximately $706,000, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The charge was included in other expense on the consolidated statements of income. Information regarding the Pension Plan at period end are as follows: (In thousands) Change in projected benefit obligation: March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Benefit obligation at beginning of period $ 3,994 $ 4,119 Interest cost 8 213 Actuarial loss (450 ) (1 ) Benefits paid (3,552 ) (256 ) Benefit obligation at end of period - 4,075 Change in fair value of plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period 3,990 4,654 Actual return on plan assets (104 ) 348 Employer contributions - - Benefits paid (3,552 ) (256 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of period 334 4,746 Over funded status at end of period included in other liabilities $ (334 ) $ (671 ) The components of net periodic pension cost related to the Pension Plan during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows: For the three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 Interest cost $ 8 $ 53 Expected return on plan assets (10 ) (57 ) Amortization of net loss 8 8 Effect of settlement 706 - Net periodic pension expense $ 712 $ 4 For the nine months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 Interest cost $ 115 $ 159 Expected return on plan assets (126 ) (171 ) Amortization of net loss 13 24 Effect of settlement 905 - Net periodic pension expense $ 907 $ 12 The accumulated benefit obligation for the Pension Plan was zero and $4.1 million at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. 26 Index Index Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 consisted of the following: (In thousands) Three months ended March 31, 2026 Nine months ended March 31, 2026 Actuarial loss on plan assets and benefit obligations $ 1,048 $ 569 Deferred tax expense 280 152 Net change in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income $ 768 $ 417 For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, there were no changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income. Amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition related to the Pension Plan for the period ended, presented as follows: (In thousands) Other liabilities: June 30, 2025 Projected benefit obligation in surplus of fair value of pension plan $ (671 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes: Net losses and past service liability $ (417 ) As of March 31, 2026, there was $334,000 remaining in plan assets after the final termination, included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition. The principal actuarial assumptions used at June 30, 2025: Projected benefit obligation: June 30, 2025 Discount rate 5.37 % Net periodic pension expense: Amortization period, in years 11 Discount rate 5.30 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.00 % The discount rate used in the measurement of the Bank’s pension obligation was based on the FTSE Pension Discount Curve and Liability index based on expected benefit payments of the pension plan. The discount rates are evaluated at each measurement date to give effect to changes in the general interest rates. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. The selected rate considers the historical and expected future investment trends of the present and expected assets in the plan. The weighted average asset allocation and fair value of our pension plan assets at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025 was as follows: March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Fair Value Money market $ 334 100.0 % $ 1,382 29.1 % Mutual funds – fixed income - 0.00 3,364 70.9 Total plan assets $ 334 100.0 % $ 4,746 100.0 % The fair value of assets within the pension plan was determined utilizing a quoted price in active markets at the measurement date. As such, these assets are classified as Level 1 within the “Fair Value Measurement” hierarchy. The target allocation for investment in mutual funds was 100.0%, consisting of short-term and intermediate-term fixed income bond funds. This allocation was consistent with the Company’s goal of preserving capital while achieving investment results that contributed to the proper funding of pension obligations and cash flow requirements. 27 Index Index SERP The Board of Directors of the Bank of Greene County adopted The Bank of Greene County Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP”), effective as of July 1, 2010. The SERP benefits certain key senior executives of the Bank who have been selected by the Board to participate. The SERP is intended to provide a benefit from the Bank upon vested retirement, death or disability or voluntary or involuntary termination of service (other than “for cause”). The SERP is more fully described in Note 9, Employee Benefits Plans of the consolidated financial statements presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. The net periodic pension costs related to the SERP for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 was $567,000, and $1.7 million, respectively, consisting primarily of service and interest costs, included within salaries and benefits expense on the consolidated statements of income. The total liability for the SERP was $19.3 million at March 31, 2026, and $17.6 million at June 30, 2025, and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The total liability for the SERP includes both accumulated net periodic pension costs and participant contributions. (10) Stock-Based Compensation Phantom Stock Option Plan and Long-term Incentive Plan The Greene County Bancorp, Inc. 2011 Phantom Stock Option and Long-term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) was adopted effective July 1, 2011, to promote the long-term financial success of the Company and its subsidiaries by providing a means to attract, retain and reward individuals who contribute to such success and to further align their interests with those of the Company’s shareholders. The Plan is intended to provide benefits to employees and directors of the Company or any subsidiary as designated by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. A phantom stock option represents the right to receive a cash payment on the date the award vests. The Plan is more fully described in Note 10, Stock-Based Compensation of the consolidated financial statements presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. A summary of the Company’s phantom stock option activity and related information for the Plan for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows: Three months ended March 31, Nine months ended March 31, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Number of options outstanding, beginning of period 1,868,995 1,873,590 1,871,590 2,253,535 Options granted - - 634,405 651,595 Options forfeited - - - (12,000 ) Options paid in cash upon vesting (44,200 ) - (681,200 ) (1,019,540 ) Number of options outstanding, end of period 1,824,795 1,873,590 1,824,795 1,873,590 Three months ended March 31, Nine months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025 Cash paid out on options vested $ 118 $ - $ 3,034 $ 4,249 Compensation expense recognized $ 948 $ 809 $ 2,418 $ 2,053 The total liability for the long-term incentive plan was $3.7 million and $4.4 million at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively, and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. 28 Index Index (11) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented as follows: Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (In thousands) Unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale Pension benefits Total Balance – December 31, 2025 $ (10,933 ) $ (768 ) $ (11,701 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification (263 ) 246 (17 ) Amortization of pension actuarial losses recognized in other expense, net - 522 522 Other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 (263 ) 768 505 Balance – March 31, 2026 $ (11,196 ) $ - $ (11,196 ) Balance – December 31, 2024 $ (17,414 ) $ (528 ) $ (17,942 ) Other comprehensive income before reclassification 2,755 - 2,755 Reclassification adjustment for loss on sale of securities available-for-sale realized in net income, net 487 - 487 Other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 3,242 - 3,242 Balance – March 31, 2025 $ (14,172 ) $ (528 ) $ (14,700 ) Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (In thousands) Unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale Pension benefits Total Balance – June 30, 2025 $ (13,119 ) $ (417 ) $ (13,536 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification 1,501 (255 ) 1,246 Reclassification adjustment for loss on sale of securities available-for-sale realized in net income, net 422 - 422 Amortization of pension actuarial losses recognized in other expense, net - 672 672 Other comprehensive income for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 1,923 417 2,340 Balance – March 31, 2026 $ (11,196 ) $ - $ (11,196 ) Balance – June 30, 2024 $ (19,182 ) $ (528 ) $ (19,710 ) Other comprehensive income before reclassification 4,523 - 4,523 Reclassification adjustment for loss on sale of securities available-for-sale realized in net income, net 487 - 487 Other comprehensive income for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 5,010 - 5,010 Balance – March 31, 2025 $ (14,172 ) $ (528 ) $ (14,700 ) (12) Operating leases The Company leases certain branch properties under long-term operating lease agreements. The Company’s operating lease agreements contain non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantee. The following includes quantitative data related to the Company’s operating leases at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, and for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025: (In thousands) Operating lease amounts: March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Right-of-use assets $ 2,164 $ 2,284 Lease liabilities $ 2,254 $ 2,366 29 Index Index For the three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 Other information: Operating outgoing cash flows from operating leases $ 146 $ 126 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 242 $ - Lease costs: Operating lease cost $ 130 $ 113 Variable lease cost $ 11 $ 11 For the nine months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2026 2025 Other information: Operating outgoing cash flows from operating leases $ 415 $ 376 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 242 $ 117 Lease costs: Operating lease cost $ 400 $ 340 Variable lease cost $ 33 $ 33 The following is a schedule by year of the undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities, excluding common area maintenance charges and real estate taxes as of March 31, 2026: (In thousands, except weighted-average information) Within the twelve months ended March 31, 2027 $ 570 2028 529 2029 412 2030 352 2031 283 Thereafter 376 Total undiscounted cash flow 2,522 Less net present value adjustment (268 ) Lease liability $ 2,254 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 5.52 Weighted-average discount rate 3.80 % Right-of-use assets are included in prepaid expenses and other assets, and lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities within the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition. (13) Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Credit-Related Financial Instruments In the normal course of business, the Company offers financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and lines of credit, which involve to varying degrees elements of credit risk, which are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 30 Index Index The Company’s unfunded loan commitments and unused lines of credit are as follows at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025: (In thousands) March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Unfunded loan commitments $ 114,330 $ 164,348 Unused lines of credit 125,037 110,943 Standby letters of credit 794 793 Total credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk $ 240,161 $ 276,084 The Company enters into contractual commitments to extend credit to its customers in the form of loan commitments and lines of credit, generally with fixed expiration dates and other termination clauses, and may require payment of a fee. Substantially all of the Company's commitments to extend credit are contingent upon its customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding and are often secured by real estate collateral. Since the majority of the Company's commitments typically expire without being funded, the total contractual amount does not necessarily represent the Company's future payment requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral, if any, required upon an extension of credit is based on management’s evaluation of customer credit. Commitments to extend mortgage credit are primarily collateralized by first liens on real estate. Collateral on extensions of commercial lines of credit vary but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income producing commercial property. Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company has exposure to a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments exposure is recognized in other liabilities and is adjusted through a provision expense in other noninterest expense. At March 31, 2026, the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments totaled $1.3 million as compared to $1.8 million at June 30, 2025. (14) Variable Interest Entities Solar Tax Credit Investments The Company makes non-marketable equity investments in entities that sponsor solar development projects that qualify for the Solar Tax Credit Program. The purpose of these investments is to assist the Company in meeting its responsibilities under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), and to provide a return, primarily through the realization of tax benefits. The Company does not have controlling interest and is not the primary beneficiary for the solar tax credit investments, therefore the entity is not consolidated. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary due to its inability to direct activities that most significantly impact economic performance. The Company applies the proportional amortization method to subsequently measure its investment in solar tax credit projects. The following table summarizes the Company’s solar tax credit investments and related unfunded commitments: (In thousands) March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Gross investment in solar tax credit investments $ 7,583 $ 2,586 Accumulated amortization (7,013 ) (2,586 ) Net investment in solar tax credit investments $ 570 $ - Unfunded commitments for solar tax credit investments $ 1,372 $ 6,381 The aggregate carrying value of the Company’s solar tax credit investments is included in accrued interest receivable, and prepaid expenses and other assets within the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition and represents the Company’s maximum exposure to loss. 31 Index Index (15) Subsequent events On April 22, 2026, the Board of Directors announced a cash dividend for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, of $0.10 per share on the Company’s common stock. The dividend reflects an annual cash dividend rate of $0.40 per share, which was the same rate as the dividend declared during the previous quarter. The dividend will be payable to stockholders of record as of May 15, 2026, and is expected to be paid on May 29, 2026. Greene County Bancorp, MHC intends to waive its receipt of this dividend. Management has reviewed events from the date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements, and accompanying notes thereto, through the date of issuance, and determined that no subsequent events occurred requiring adjustment to or disclosure in these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 32 Index Index Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation Overview of the Company’s Activities and Risks The Company’s results of operations depend primarily on its net interest income, which is the difference between the income earned on the Company’s loan and securities portfolios and its cost of funds, consisting of the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Results of operations are also affected by the Company’s provision for credit losses, noninterest income and noninterest expense. Noninterest income consists primarily of fees and service charges. The Company’s noninterest expense consists principally of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment and data processing, and other operating expenses. Results of operations are also significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, changes in interest rates, as well as government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Additionally, future changes in applicable law, regulations or government policies may materially affect the Company. To operate successfully, the Company must manage various types of risk, including but not limited to, market or interest rate risk, credit risk, transaction risk, liquidity risk, security risk, strategic risk, reputation risk and compliance risk. Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and/or interest rates. Net interest income (the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and interest paid on deposits and borrowings) is the Company’s primary source of revenue and is affected by changes in interest rates as well as fluctuations in the level and duration of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting the Company since the majority of the Company’s assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The Company’s primary sources of funds are deposits and proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, mortgage-backed securities and debt securities. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit outflows, mortgage prepayments, and lending activities are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition. Credit risk is the risk to the Company’s earnings and shareholders’ equity that results from customers to whom loans have been made and to the issuers of debt securities in which the Company has invested, failing to repay their obligations. The magnitude of risk depends on the capacity and willingness of borrowers and debt issuers to repay and the sufficiency of the value of collateral obtained to secure the loans made or investments purchased. Liquidity risk is the risk the Company may not be able to satisfy current or future financial commitments or may become unduly reliant on alternate funding sources. The Company’s objective is to fund balance sheet growth while meeting the cash flow requirements of depositors. Management is responsible for liquidity monitoring and has available different sources of liquidity as requirements and demands change. These demands include loan growth and repayments, security purchases and maturities, deposit inflows and outflows, and payments on borrowings. Management continually monitors trends to identify patterns that might improve the predictability and timing of the Company’s liquidity position. Operational risk is the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from inadequate or failed internal processes or systems, the misconduct or errors of people, and adverse external events. Operational losses result from internal fraud; external fraud including cybersecurity risks; employment practices and workplace safety, clients, products, and business practices; damage to physical assets; business disruption and system failures; and execution, delivery, and process management. Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements In addition to historical information, this quarterly report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which describes the future plans, strategies and expectations of the Company. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of the report. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries include, but are not limited to: (a) changes in general economic conditions; (b) interest rates and inflation; (c) changes in asset quality; (d) our ability to access cost-effective funding; (e) fluctuations in real estate values; (f) changes in laws or regulations; (g) the effects of any federal government shutdown; (h) changes in liquidity, including the size and composition of our deposit portfolio and the percentage of uninsured deposits in the portfolio; (i) changes in technology; (j) failures or breaches of our IT security systems; (k) our ability to introduce new products and services and capitalize on growth opportunities; (l) changes in accounting policies and practices; (m) our ability to retain key employees; (n) and the effects of natural disasters and geopolitical events, including terrorism, conflict and acts of war. 33 Index Index Non-GAAP Financial Measures Regulation G, a rule adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), applies to certain SEC filings, including earnings releases, made by registered companies that contain “non-GAAP financial measures.” “GAAP” is generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Under Regulation G, companies making public disclosures containing non-GAAP financial measures must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure (if a comparable GAAP measure exists) and a statement of the Company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure as part of its financial disclosures. The SEC has exempted from the definition of “non-GAAP financial measures” certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP. When these exempted measures are included in public disclosures, supplemental information is not required. Financial institutions like the Company and its subsidiary banks are subject to an array of bank regulatory capital measures that are financial in nature but are not based on GAAP and are not easily reconcilable to the closest comparable GAAP financial measures, even in those cases where a comparable measure exists. The Company follows industry practice in disclosing its financial condition under these various regulatory capital measures, including period-end regulatory capital ratios for itself and its subsidiary banks, in its periodic reports filed with the SEC, and it does so without compliance with Regulation G, on the widely-shared assumption that the SEC regards such non-GAAP measures to be exempt from Regulation G. The Company uses in this Report additional non-GAAP financial measures that are commonly utilized by financial institutions and have not been specifically exempted by the SEC from Regulation G. The Company provides, as supplemental information, such non-GAAP measures included in this Report as described immediately below. Fully Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin: Net interest income, as a component of the tabular presentation by financial institutions of Selected Financial Information regarding their recently completed operations, as well as disclosures based on that tabular presentation, is commonly presented on a tax-equivalent basis. That is, to the extent that some component of the institution's net interest income, which is presented on a before-tax basis, is exempt from taxation (e.g., is received by the institution as a result of its holdings of state or municipal obligations), an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from that component is added to the actual before-tax net interest income total. This adjustment is considered helpful in comparing one financial institution's net interest income to that of another institution or in analyzing any institution’s net interest income trend line over time, to correct any analytical distortion that might otherwise arise from the fact that financial institutions vary widely in the proportions of their portfolios that are invested in tax-exempt securities, and that even a single institution may significantly alter over time the proportion of its own portfolio that is invested in tax-exempt obligations. Moreover, net interest income is itself a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income to average interest-earning assets. For purposes of this measure as well, tax-equivalent net interest income is generally used by financial institutions, again to provide a better basis of comparison from institution to institution and to better demonstrate a single institution’s performance over time. While we present net interest income and net interest margin utilizing GAAP measures (no tax-equivalent adjustments) as a component of the tabular presentation within our disclosures, we do provide as supplemental information net interest income and net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis. Critical Accounting Policies Critical accounting estimates as those estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations. The more significant of these policies are summarized in Note 1, Summary of significant accounting policies to the consolidated financial statements presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Not all significant accounting policies require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments. The allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments policies noted below are deemed the Company’s critical accounting estimate. The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for credit losses for loans and unfunded commitments. The measurement of Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) on financial instruments requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL approach is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. The Company then considers whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used. Finally, the Company considers forecasts about future economic conditions that are reasonable and supportable. The allowance for credit losses for loans, as reported in our consolidated statements of financial condition, is adjusted by a provision (expense) for credit losses, which is recognized in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loans, net of recoveries. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws and applying the expected loss rates on those draws and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition. 34 Index Index Management of the Company considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses on loans to be a critical accounting estimate given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of our loan portfolios. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolios, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in those future periods. While management’s current evaluation of the allowance for credit losses on loans indicates that the allowance is appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions. The impact of utilizing the CECL models to calculate the allowance for credit losses are significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan portfolios, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Changes in the national unemployment rate and national GDP could have a material impact on the model’s estimation of the allowance. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to our reported earnings. This critical accounting policy and its application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors. The Company’s policies on the CECL method for allowance for credit losses are disclosed in Note 1, Summary of significant accounting policies with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes presented in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025 ASSETS Total assets of the Company were $3.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and $3.0 billion at June 30, 2025, an increase of $140.5 million, or 4.6%. Securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity increased $52.3 million, or 4.6%, to $1.2 billion at March 31, 2026 as compared to $1.1 billion at June 30, 2025. Net loans receivable increased $118.7 million, or 7.4%, to $1.7 billion at March 31, 2026 as compared to $1.6 billion at June 30, 2025. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company completed the termination of its defined benefit pension plan, with all remaining obligations settled using plan assets for approximately $3.5 million. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Total cash and cash equivalents for the Company were $139.5 million at March 31, 2026 and $183.1 million at June 30, 2025, a decrease of $43.6 million, or 23.8%. The level of cash and cash equivalents is a function of the daily account clearing needs and deposit levels, as well as activities associated with securities transactions and loan funding. All of these items can cause cash levels to fluctuate significantly on a daily basis. The Company has continued to maintain strong capital and liquidity positions as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. SECURITIES Securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity increased $52.3 million, or 4.6%, to $1.2 billion at March 31, 2026 as compared to $1.1 billion at June 30, 2025. Securities purchases totaled $569.3 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2026, primarily consisting of $254.2 million of U.S. Treasuries, $229.9 million of state and political subdivision securities, $68.1 million of mortgage-backed securities, $9.0 million of corporate debt securities, and $8.1 million of collateralized mortgage obligations. Principal pay-downs and maturities during the nine months ended March 31, 2026, amounted to $512.4 million, primarily consisting of $259.0 million of U.S. Treasuries, $205.0 million of state and political subdivision securities, $31.3 million of mortgage-backed securities, $14.4 million of corporate debt securities, and $2.7 million of collateralized mortgage obligations. At March 31, 2026, 58.7% of our securities portfolio consisted of state and political subdivision securities to take advantage of tax savings and to promote the Company’s participation in the communities in which it operates. Mortgage-backed securities, which represent 35.4% of our securities portfolio at March 31, 2026, do not contain sub-prime loans and are not exposed to the credit risk associated with such lending. 35 Index Index The following table summarizes the securities portfolio by classification as a percentage of the portfolio. The values are reported at the balance sheet carrying value, as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. Refer to the financial statements Note 3, Securities for the complete fair value of securities. March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 (Dollars in thousands) Balance Percentage of portfolio Balance Percentage of portfolio Securities available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities $ 5,789 0.5 % $ 10,453 0.9 % U.S. government sponsored enterprises 6,371 0.5 11,644 1.0 State and political subdivisions 215,643 18.2 209,844 18.5 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 50,879 4.3 31,587 2.8 Mortgage-backed securities-multifamily 75,904 6.4 74,597 6.6 Corporate debt securities 15,615 1.3 17,937 1.6 Total securities available-for-sale 370,201 31.2 356,062 31.4 Securities held-to-maturity: U.S. Treasury securities 13,890 1.2 15,850 1.4 State and political subdivisions 479,584 40.5 460,919 40.7 Mortgage-backed securities-residential 171,074 14.4 138,468 12.2 Mortgage-backed securities-multifamily 121,738 10.3 130,119 11.6 Corporate debt securities 28,003 2.4 30,763 2.7 Other securities 25 0.0 28 0.0 Total securities held-to-maturity 814,314 68.8 776,147 68.6 Total securities (at carrying value) $ 1,184,515 100.0 % $ 1,132,209 100.0 % There was no allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale as of either period presented as the securities in the portfolio are investment grade, current as to principal and interest and their price changes are consistent with interest and credit spreads when adjusting for convexity, rating, and industry differences. Securities held-to-maturity are evaluated for credit losses on a quarterly basis under the CECL methodology. The allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity was $550,000 and $548,000 at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. LOANS Net loans receivable increased $118.7 million, or 7.4%, to $1.7 billion at March 31, 2026 as compared to $1.6 billion at June 30, 2025. Loan growth experienced during the nine months ended March 31, 2026, consisted primarily of $96.8 million in commercial real estate loans, $18.2 million in commercial loans, and $7.7 million in home equity loans. The allowance for credit losses on loans increased $1.6 million, or 8.1%, to $21.8 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to $20.1 million at June 30, 2025. The increase in the allowance for credit losses was primarily attributable to an increase in loan volume. The Company continues to experience loan growth as a result of the continued growth in its customer base and its relationships with other financial institutions in originating loan participations. The Company continues to use a conservative underwriting policy in its loan originations and does not engage in sub-prime lending or other exotic loan products. Updated appraisals are obtained on loans when there is a reason to believe that there has been a change in the borrower’s ability to repay the loan principal and interest, generally when a loan is in a delinquent status. Additionally, if an existing loan is to be modified or refinanced, generally an appraisal is ordered to ensure continued collateral adequacy. 36 Index Index The following tables present the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio at amortized cost in dollar amounts and percentages as of the dates indicated. March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 (Dollars in thousands) Balance Percentage of portfolio Balance Percentage of portfolio Residential real estate $ 415,749 23.8 % $ 417,719 25.7 % Commercial real estate 1,151,349 65.9 1,054,504 64.8 Home equity 41,779 2.4 34,103 2.1 Consumer 3,845 0.2 4,311 0.3 Commercial 134,981 7.7 116,769 7.1 Total gross loans(1)(2) 1,747,703 100.0 % 1,627,406 100.0 % Allowance for credit losses on loans (21,778 ) (20,146 ) Total net loans $ 1,725,925 $ 1,607,260 (1) Loan balances include net deferred fees/(costs) of ($490,000) and ($567,000) at March 31, 2026 and at June 30, 2025, respectively. (2) Loan balances exclude accrued interest receivable of $8.0 million and $7.0 million at March 31, 2026 and at June 30, 2025, respectively, which is included in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Commercial and commercial real estate loans classified as substandard and special mention totaled $34.9 million at March 31, 2026, and $39.4 million at June 30, 2025, a decrease of $4.5 million. The decrease in the loans classified during the period ended March 31, 2026, was primarily due to upgrades of commercial real estate loans that were considered to be performing and paying in accordance with the terms of their loan agreements and commercial real estate loans that were paid off during the period. Of the loans classified as substandard or special mention, $31.5 million were performing at March 31, 2026. There were no loans classified as doubtful or loss at March 31, 2026 or June 30, 2025. The following table presents commercial real estate loans by concentrations: At March 31, 2026 (Dollars in thousands) Balance Percentage of total Owner occupied: Warehouse $ 47,029 4.1 % Mixed use real estate 27,778 2.4 Office building 20,425 1.8 Retail 17,752 1.5 Firehouse 9,847 0.9 Other 45,534 3.9 Total owner occupied 168,365 14.6 Non-owner occupied: Multi-family 297,469 25.8 Retail plaza 134,761 11.7 Mixed use real estate 111,017 9.6 Office building 86,013 7.5 Construction 86,582 7.5 Motel/hotel 67,573 5.9 Warehouse 54,671 4.8 Other 144,898 12.6 Total non-owner occupied 982,984 85.4 Total commercial real estate $ 1,151,349 100.0 % Commercial real estate loans are the largest segment of the Company’s loan portfolio and are comprised of 85.4% in non-owner occupied loans and 14.6% in owner occupied loans. These loans are generally secured by commercial, residential investment or industrial property types. The Company’s commercial real estate loan portfolio generally consists of standalone loans supported by both sufficient cash flows and collateral. On a portfolio basis, the Company’s non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans have a weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) of approximately 57.8%, and the Company’s owner occupied commercial real estate loans have a weighted average LTV of approximately 49.5%, as of March 31, 2026. The Company’s commercial real estate loans are primarily made within our market area in Greene, Columbia, Albany, Ulster, Rensselaer, and Saratoga Counties of New York State. The Company actively monitors the economic and credit trends for borrower industries and manages our commercial real estate portfolio concentrations to mitigate its credit risk exposure. 37 Index Index As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s largest commercial real estate concentration was non-owner occupied multi-family loans at $297.5 million, or 25.8% of total commercial real estate loans. Non-owner occupied multi-family loans provide much needed housing for the residents located in our market area and have historically performed well with strong credit metrics. As of March 31, 2026, the weighted average LTV was approximately 58.0% for the non-owner occupied multi-family loan segment. As of March 31, 2026, non-owner occupied construction loans were $86.6 million, or 7.5% of total commercial real estate loans. Construction loans are typically 12 to 24 months in duration with active monitoring, which may include pre-engineering review and third party site inspections for more complex projects. High volatility commercial real estate loan exposure totaled $7.8 million of the Company’s construction exposure. Construction loans are primarily comprised of approximately 43.5% multi-family buildings, 24.7% mixed use real estate, 10.9% self-storage and 9.5% condominiums. The Company’s outstanding balance of non-owner occupied commercial real estate office loans were $86.0 million, or 7.5% of total commercial real estate loans as of March 31, 2026. The office loans are primarily low-rise, non-metropolitan buildings, located within our geographic footprint. As of March 31, 2026, the weighted average LTV was approximately 58.5% for the non-owner occupied office loan segment. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The allowance for credit losses (the “ACL”) on loans is established through a provision made periodically by charges or benefits to the provision for credit losses. This is necessary to maintain the ACL at a level which management believes is reasonably reflective of the overall loss expected over the contractual life of the loan portfolio. Management has an established ACL policy to govern the use of judgments exercised in evaluating the ACL required to estimate the expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loan portfolios and the material effect that such judgments can have on the consolidated financial statements. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, additions or reductions to the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another. These fluctuations are reflective of changes in the reasonable and supportable forecast, analysis of loans individually evaluated, and/or changes in management’s assessment of qualitative factors. The ACL on loans is based on the results of life of loan quantitative models, reserves associated with collateral-dependent loans individually evaluated and adjustments for the impact of current conditions not accounted for in the quantitative models. The discounted cash flow methodology is used to calculate the ACL on loans for the residential real estate, commercial real estate, home equity and commercial loan segments. The remaining life method is utilized to determine the ACL on loans for the consumer loan segment. The Company elected to use the practical expedient to evaluate loans individually, if they are collateral dependent loans that are on non-accrual status with a balance of $250,000 or greater, which is consistent with regulatory requirements. The fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans less selling expenses will be compared to the loan balance to determine if an ACL on loans is required. A qualitative factor framework has been developed to adjust the quantitative loss rates for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date. The Company charges loans off against the ACL on loans when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Company more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the ACL on loans, unless equitable arrangements are made. Included within consumer installment loan charge-offs and recoveries are deposit accounts that have been overdrawn in excess of 60 days. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The ACL on loans is increased by a provision for credit losses (which results in a charge to expense) and recoveries of loans previously charged off and is reduced by charge-offs. Additional information about the ACL on loans is included in Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans, of the Company’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Management considers the ACL to be appropriate based on evaluation and analysis of the loan portfolio. The ACL on loans totaled $21.8 million at March 31, 2026, compared to $20.1 million at June 30, 2025. The ACL on loans to total loans receivable was 1.25% at March 31, 2026 compared to 1.24% at June 30, 2025. The increase in the ACL on loans from March 31, 2026 to June 30, 2025, was primarily attributable to an increase in loan volume offset by improvements in the economic forecasts used in the Current Expected Credit Loss model. 38 Index Index Net charge-offs on loans amounted to $73,000 and $96,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, a decrease of $23,000. Net charge-offs totaled $273,000 and $305,000 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. There were no material charge-offs in any loan segment during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. At March 31, 2026, the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments totaled $1.3 million as compared to $1.8 million at June 30, 2025, a decrease of $519,000, or 29.3%. The decrease in the provision for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, was primarily due to a decrease in the Company’s contractual obligation to extend credit. Non-accrual Loans and Non-performing Assets Non-performing assets consist of non-accrual loans, loans over 90 days past due, and other real estate owned that has been acquired in partial or full satisfaction of the loan obligation or upon foreclosure, and non-performing securities. Generally, management places loans on non-accrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A non-accrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as non-performing and may be placed on non-accrual when circumstances indicate that the borrower may be unable to meet the contractual principal or interest payments. The threshold for evaluating classified and non-performing loans specifically evaluated for individual credit loss is $250,000. Foreclosed real estate represents property acquired through foreclosure and is valued at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less any estimated disposal costs. The Company monitors loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As of March 31, 2026, three loans have been modified in the last 12 months with a total amortized basis of $2.8 million. As of March 31, 2025, there were five loans modified with a total amortized basis of $6.9 million. Analysis of Non-accrual Loans and Non-performing Assets (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Non-accrual loans: Residential real estate $ 2,180 $ 2,265 Commercial real estate 556 628 Home equity 202 30 Consumer 6 2 Commercial 129 135 Total non-accrual loans $ 3,073 $ 3,060 Total non-performing assets $ 3,073 $ 3,060 Non-accrual loans to total loans 0.18 % 0.19 % Non-performing loans to total loans 0.18 % 0.19 % Non-performing assets to total assets 0.10 % 0.10 % Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-performing loans 708.69 % 658.37 % Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans 708.69 % 658.37 % At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, there were no loans delinquent greater than 90 days and accruing. Non-performing assets amounted to $3.1 million at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status totaled $3.1 million at March 31, 2026, of which there were four residential real estate loans totaling $644,000 in the process of foreclosure. Included in non-accrual loans were $1.7 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at March 31, 2026, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Loans on non-accrual status totaled $3.1 million at June 30, 2025, of which there were one commercial real estate loan totaling $142,000 and three residential real estate loans totaling $841,000 in the process of foreclosure. Included in non-accrual loans were $1.2 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2025, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. 39 Index Index DEPOSITS Deposit flows are influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in prevailing interest rates and competition. The diversity of deposit accounts offered allows the Company to be competitive in obtaining funds and responding to changes in consumer demand. Deposits are obtained predominantly from the areas in which the Company’s branch offices are located. The Company relies primarily on competitive pricing of its deposit products, customer service, and long-standing relationships with customers to attract and retain these deposits. However, market interest rates and rates offered by competing financial institutions significantly affect the Company’s ability to attract and retain deposits. The Company uses traditional means of advertising its deposit products, including radio, television, print and social media. While the Company accepts certificates of deposits in excess of $250,000, they are not subject to preferential rates. The Company does not actively solicit such deposits, as they are more difficult to retain than core deposits. The Company’s emphasis is placed on acquiring locally, stable, low-cost deposits to fund high-quality loans without taking on unnecessary interest rate risk. The ability to attract and maintain deposits and the rates paid on these deposits are and will continue to be affected by market conditions. Deposits totaled $2.8 billion at March 31, 2026 as compared to $2.6 billion at June 30, 2025, an increase of $132.7 million. The Company had $31.6 million and $51.6 million of brokered deposits at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. NOW deposits increased $141.3 million, or 7.2%, and money market deposits increased $2.3 million, or 2.3% when comparing March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. Savings deposits decreased $7.5 million, or 3.0%, certificates of deposits decreased $2.3 million, or 1.0%, and noninterest bearing deposits decreased $1.1 million, or 1.0%, when comparing March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. The following table summarizes deposits by major categories: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 Percentage of portfolio June 30, 2025 Percentage of portfolio Noninterest-bearing deposits $ 109,085 4.0 % $ 110,163 4.2 % Certificates of deposits 225,880 8.1 228,174 8.6 Savings deposits 239,033 8.6 246,488 9.3 Money market deposits 105,104 3.8 102,787 3.9 NOW deposits 2,093,452 75.5 1,952,223 74.0 Total deposits $ 2,772,554 100.0 % $ 2,639,835 100.0 % The following table summarizes deposits by depositor type: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 Percentage of portfolio June 30, 2025 Percentage of portfolio Business deposits $ 548,164 19.8 % $ 499,964 18.9 % Retail deposits 903,355 32.6 903,767 34.2 Municipal deposits 1,289,470 46.5 1,184,514 44.9 Brokered deposits 31,565 1.1 51,590 2.0 Total deposits $ 2,772,554 100.0 % $ 2,639,835 100.0 % The Company’s deposit base and liquidity position continues to be strong, and the deposit base is well diversified across segments to meet the transactional and investment needs of our customers. Municipal deposits are primarily from local New York State government entities, such as counties, cities, villages and towns, as well as school districts and fire departments. There is a seasonal component to municipal deposits levels associated with annual tax collections and fiscal spending patterns. In general, municipal balances increase at the end of the first and third quarters of our fiscal year. Municipal deposits above the FDIC insured limit are required to be collateralized by irrevocable municipal letters of credits issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank, municipal bonds, US Treasuries or government agency securities. Additionally, the Company offers large retail, business and municipal customers the ability to enhance FDIC insurance coverage, by electing to participate their deposit balance into a national deposit network. The Company has many long-standing relationships with municipal entities throughout its market areas and their deposits have provided a stable funding source for the Company. The Company has a separate municipal department for the retention, management, and monitoring of municipal relationships. Uninsured deposits represents the portion of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit. The Company calculates its uninsured deposit balances based on the methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting requirements, which includes affiliate deposits and collateralized deposits. 40 Index Index The following table summarizes total uninsured deposits based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Estimated amount of uninsured for the Bank of Greene County $ 386,969 $ 388,060 Estimated amount of uninsured for Greene County Commercial Bank(1) 1,170,277 1,049,268 Uninsured deposits, per regulatory requirements $ 1,557,246 $ 1,437,328 (1) All of Greene County Commercial Bank deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limits are fully collateralized. The following table estimates uninsured deposits after certain exclusions: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 June 30, 2025 Uninsured deposits, per regulatory requirements $ 1,557,246 $ 1,437,328 Less: Affiliate deposits (40,490 ) (59,018 ) Collateralized deposits (1,170,277 ) (1,049,268 ) Uninsured deposits, after exclusions $ 346,479 $ 329,042 Immediately available liquidity(1) $ 371,585 $ 422,398 Uninsured deposits coverage 107.2 % 128.4 % (1) Reflects $139.5 million and $183.1 million of cash and cash equivalents, $216.3 million and $221.1 million of remaining borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank, and $15.9 million and $18.2 million of remaining borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Bank, as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. Uninsured deposits after exclusions represent 12.5% of total deposits for both March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company believes that this presentation provides a more accurate view of deposits at risk, given that affiliate deposits are not customer facing and therefore are eliminated upon consolidation, and collateralized deposits are fully secured by investments and municipal letters of credit. The Company continually monitors the level and composition of uninsured deposits. BORROWINGS At March 31, 2026, the Bank had pledged approximately $693.8 million of its residential and commercial mortgage portfolio as collateral for borrowing and irrevocable municipal letters of credit at the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLB”). The maximum amount of funding available from the FHLB was $448.7 million at March 31, 2026, of which there were $73.2 million of overnight borrowings, $4.2 million long-term fixed rate borrowings and $155.0 million irrevocable municipal letters of credit outstanding at March 31, 2026. At June 30, 2025, the Bank had $74.0 million in overnight borrowings, $4.2 million of long-term fixed rate borrowings and $90.0 million in irrevocable municipal letters of credit at the FHLB. Interest rates on overnight borrowings are determined at the time of borrowing. The irrevocable municipal letters of credit with the FHLB have been issued to secure municipal transactional deposit accounts, on behalf of Greene County Commercial Bank. The FHLB term borrowings include long-term fixed rate borrowings from the “FHLB 0.0% Development Advance (ZDA) Program.” The Company receives a corresponding credit related to the FHLB term fixed rate borrowings, which effectively reduces the interest rate paid to zero percent. At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, the Bank had a FHLB long-term fixed rate borrowing of $2.2 million at a stated rate of 3.8%, maturing October 2027, and a FHLB long-term fixed rate borrowing of $2.0 million at a stated rate of 4.2%, maturing June 2028. The Bank pledges securities and certificates of deposits as collateral at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for overnight borrowings. At March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, approximately $15.9 million and $18.2 million, respectively, of collateral was available to be pledged against potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. There were zero overnight borrowings outstanding with the Federal Reserve Bank at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. The Bank has established unsecured lines of credit with Atlantic Community Bankers Bank for $15.0 million and three other financial institutions for $90.0 million. The lines of credit provide for overnight borrowing and the interest rate is determined at the time of the borrowing. There were zero borrowings outstanding with these lines of credit for the Bank at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. On September 17, 2020, the Company entered into Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements (“SNPAs”) with 14 qualified institutional investors, issued at 4.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate due September 17, 2030, in the aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million, carried net of issuance costs of $424,000 amortized over a period of 60 months. These notes were callable on September 17, 2025 and had a floating interest rate of 8.99%. On October 1, 2025, the Company redeemed the entire outstanding principal amount of $20.0 million. The redemption was funded by cash on hand. 41 Index Index On September 15, 2021, the Company entered into SNPAs with 18 qualified institutional investors, issued at 3.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate due September 15, 2031, in the aggregate principal amount of $30.0 million, carried net of issuance costs of $499,000 amortized over a period of 60 months. These notes are callable on September 15, 2026. At March 31, 2026, there were $29.9 million of these SNPAs outstanding, net of issuance costs. The sales of the SNPAs were made in a private placement to accredited investors under the exemption from registration provided under Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 506. The Notes are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements. For regulatory purposes, the Company allocated the SNPAs to the Bank of Greene County to qualify as Tier 1 capital subject to a 25.0% of capital limitation under risk-based capital guidelines. The portion that exceeds 25.0% of capital limitation qualifies as Tier 2 capital. At March 31, 2026, there were no other long-term borrowings and therefore, no scheduled maturities of long-term borrowings. EQUITY Shareholders’ equity increased to $267.6 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to $238.8 million at June 30, 2025, resulting primarily from net income of $29.7 million and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $2.3 million, partially offset by dividends declared and paid of $3.3 million. When market interest rates rise, the fair value of the fixed income bond portfolio will decrease, resulting in additional unrealized losses, and depending on the extent of the rise in interest rates, the increase in unrealized losses could be significant. The non-credit portion of unrealized losses are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of Shareholders' Equity. A significant increase in market rates may have a negative impact on book value per share. The Company's bond portfolio is expected to mature at par and therefore the unrealized losses in the portfolio that result from higher market interest rates will decrease as the bonds become closer to maturity. However, if the Company were required to sell investment securities with an unrealized loss for any reason, including liquidity needs, the unrealized loss would become realized and reduce both net income for the reported period and regulatory capital, which as currently reported, excludes unrealized losses on investment securities. The Federal Reserve reduced interest rates by 100 basis points in the third and fourth quarters of 2024, and 75 basis points in the third and fourth quarters of 2025, while holding rates unchanged in the first quarter of 2026. With the recent Federal Reserve rate cuts, the long-term interest rates begin to decrease. This resulted in the fair values of the fixed income bond portfolio to increase and decrease the unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2026. Additionally, the Company continued to purchase investment securities in the higher interest rate environment, decreasing the unrealized loss position. As previously announced on April 15, 2026, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a stock repurchase program. Under the repurchase program, the Company may repurchase up to 400,000 shares of its common stock, at management’s discretion, at prices management considers to be attractive, and in the best interests of both the Company and its stockholders, subject to the availability of stock, general market conditions, the trading price of the stock, alternative uses for capital, and the Company’s financial performance. For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, the Company did not repurchase any shares. 42 Index Index Selected Equity Data: At March 31, 2026 At June 30, 2025 Shareholders’ equity to total assets, at end of period 8.41 % 7.85 % Book value per share(1) $ 15.72 $ 14.03 Closing market price of common stock $ 22.41 $ 22.22 For the nine months ended March 31, 2026 2025 Average shareholders’ equity to average assets 8.34 % 7.73 % Dividend payout ratio(2) 17.24 % 21.09 % Actual dividends paid to net income(3) 11.01 % 17.30 % (1) Shareholders’ equity divided by outstanding shares. (2) The dividend payout ratio has been calculated based on the dividends declared per share divided by basic earnings per share. No adjustments have been made for dividends waived by Greene County Bancorp, MHC (“MHC”), the owner of 54.1% of the Company’s shares outstanding. (3) Dividends declared divided by net income. The MHC waived its right to receive dividends declared during the three months ended March 31, 2025, June 30, 2025, September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2025. Dividends declared during the three months ended September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2026 were paid to the MHC. The MHC’s ability to waive the receipt of dividends is dependent upon annual approval of its members as well as receiving the non-objection of the Federal Reserve Board. 43 Index Index Comparison of Operating Results for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 Average Balance Sheet The following table sets forth certain information relating to the Company for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For the periods indicated, the total dollar amount of interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resultant yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, are expressed in both dollars and rates. No tax equivalent adjustments made. Average balances were based on daily averages. Average loan balances include non-performing loans. The loan yields include net amortization of certain deferred fees and costs that are considered adjustments to yields. Three months ended March 31, 2026 2025 (Dollars in thousands) Average outstanding balance Interest earned / paid Average yield / rate Average outstanding balance Interest earned / paid Average yield / rate Interest-earning Assets: Loans receivable, net(1) $ 1,710,118 $ 22,100 5.17 % $ 1,580,232 $ 20,185 5.11 % Securities non-taxable 693,921 5,543 3.20 667,742 5,053 3.03 Securities taxable 513,064 4,512 3.52 480,382 3,755 3.13 Interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds 33,770 357 4.23 58,508 731 5.00 FHLB stock 2,957 66 8.93 2,238 55 9.83 Total interest-earning assets 2,953,830 32,578 4.41 % 2,789,102 29,779 4.27 % Cash and due from banks 13,533 14,547 Allowance for credit losses on loans (21,504 ) (20,443 ) Allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity (615 ) (438 ) Other noninterest-earning assets 121,025 105,859 Total assets $ 3,066,269 $ 2,888,627 Interest-Bearing Liabilities: Savings and money market deposits $ 338,240 $ 357 0.42 % $ 348,017 $ 366 0.42 % NOW deposits 2,057,592 9,926 1.93 1,928,023 10,979 2.28 Certificates of deposits 217,858 1,692 3.11 183,471 1,654 3.61 Borrowings 51,399 417 3.25 61,454 569 3.70 Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,665,089 12,392 1.86 % 2,520,965 13,568 2.15 % Noninterest-bearing deposits 104,047 114,729 Other noninterest-bearing liabilities 34,333 29,307 Shareholders' equity 262,800 223,626 Total liabilities and equity $ 3,066,269 $ 2,888,627 Net interest income $ 20,186 $ 16,211 Net interest rate spread 2.55 % 2.12 % Net earnings assets $ 288,741 $ 268,137 Net interest margin 2.73 % 2.32 % Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities 110.83 % 110.64 % (1) Calculated net of deferred loan fees and costs, loan discounts, and loans in process. 44 Index Index Nine months ended March 31, 2026 2025 (Dollars in thousands) Average outstanding balance Interest earned / paid Average yield / rate Average outstanding balance Interest earned / paid Average yield / rate Interest-earning Assets: Loans receivable, net (1) $ 1,679,117 $ 66,486 5.28 % $ 1,528,891 $ 58,908 5.14 % Securities non-taxable 681,881 16,231 3.17 644,584 14,464 2.99 Securities taxable 510,896 13,077 3.41 463,289 10,619 3.06 Interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds 51,646 1,741 4.49 72,107 2,817 5.21 FHLB stock 3,103 163 7.00 2,212 158 9.52 Total interest-earning assets 2,926,643 97,698 4.45 % 2,711,083 86,966 4.28 % Cash and due from banks 13,080 12,987 Allowance for credit losses on loans (21,081 ) (19,812 ) Allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity (587 ) (462 ) Other noninterest-earning assets 113,776 102,910 Total assets $ 3,031,831 $ 2,806,706 Interest-Bearing Liabilities: Savings and money market deposits $ 336,915 $ 1,127 0.45 % $ 350,955 $ 1,164 0.44 % NOW deposits 2,025,374 32,800 2.16 1,851,188 35,359 2.55 Certificates of deposits 213,203 5,336 3.34 167,990 5,020 3.98 Borrowings 61,014 1,670 3.65 70,217 2,008 3.81 Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,636,506 40,933 2.07 % 2,440,350 43,551 2.38 % Noninterest-bearing deposits 108,305 119,310 Other noninterest-bearing liabilities 34,047 30,051 Shareholders' equity 252,973 216,995 Total liabilities and equity $ 3,031,831 $ 2,806,706 Net interest income $ 56,765 $ 43,415 Net interest rate spread 2.38 % 1.90 % Net earnings assets $ 290,137 $ 270,733 Net interest margin 2.59 % 2.14 % Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities 111.00 % 111.09 % (1) Calculated net of deferred loan fees and costs, loan discounts, and loans in process. Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation The following table summarizes the adjustments made to arrive at the fully taxable-equivalent net interest margins. Taxable-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin For the three months ended March 31, For the nine months ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025 Net interest income (GAAP) $ 20,186 $ 16,211 $ 56,765 $ 43,415 Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) 2,202 1,945 6,486 5,524 Net interest income fully taxable-equivalent basis (non-GAAP) $ 22,388 $ 18,156 $ 63,251 $ 48,939 Average interest-earning assets (GAAP) $ 2,953,830 $ 2,789,102 $ 2,926,643 $ 2,711,083 Net interest margin fully taxable-equivalent basis (non-GAAP) 3.03 % 2.60 % 2.88 % 2.41 % (1) Interest income calculated on a taxable-equivalent basis (non-GAAP) includes the additional amount of interest income that would have been earned if the Company’s investment in tax-exempt securities and loans had been subject to federal and New York State income taxes yielding the same after-tax income. The rate used for this adjustment was 21% for federal income taxes and 4.44% for New York State income taxes for the periods ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 45 Index Index Rate / Volume Analysis The following table presents the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected the Company’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to: (i) Change attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); (ii) Change attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and (iii) The net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate. Three months ended March 31, 2026 versus 2025 Nine months ended March 31, 2026 versus 2025 Increase/(decrease) Due to Total increase/ (decrease) Increase/(decrease) Due to Total increase/ (decrease) (In thousands) Volume Rate Volume Rate Interest-earning assets: Loans receivable, net (1) $ 1,676 $ 239 $ 1,915 $ 5,933 $ 1,645 $ 7,578 Securities non-taxable 202 288 490 866 901 1,767 Securities taxable 267 490 757 1,163 1,295 2,458 Interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds (274 ) (100 ) (374 ) (724 ) (352 ) (1,076 ) FHLB stock 16 (5 ) 11 53 (48 ) 5 Total interest-earning assets 1,887 912 2,799 7,291 3,441 10,732 Interest-bearing liabilities: Savings and money market deposits (9 ) 0 (9 ) (57 ) 20 (37 ) NOW deposits 707 (1,760 ) (1,053 ) 3,150 (5,709 ) (2,559 ) Certificates of deposits 286 (248 ) 38 1,207 (891 ) 316 Borrowings (87 ) (65 ) (152 ) (256 ) (82 ) (338 ) Total interest-bearing liabilities 897 (2,073 ) (1,176 ) 4,044 (6,662 ) (2,618 ) Net change in net interest income $ 990 $ 2,985 $ 3,975 $ 3,247 $ 10,103 $ 13,350 (1) Calculated net of deferred loan fees, loan discounts, and loans in process. GENERAL Return on average assets and return on average equity are common methods of measuring operating results. Annualized return on average assets increased to 1.37% and 1.31% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 compared to 1.12% and 1.04% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025. Annualized return on average equity increased to 16.02% and 15.65% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to 14.41% and 13.40% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in return on average assets and average equity for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily the result of net income outpacing growth in the balance sheet. Net income amounted to $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $2.4 million. Net income amounted to $29.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $21.8 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $7.9 million. Average assets increased $177.6 million, or 6.1%, to $3.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $2.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Average equity increased $39.2 million, or 17.5%, to $262.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $223.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Average assets increased $225.1 million, or 8.0%, to $3.0 billion for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $2.8 billion for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. Average equity increased $36.0 million, or 16.6%, to $253.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $217.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. 46 Index Index INTEREST INCOME Interest income amounted to $32.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $29.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $2.8 million, or 9.4%. Interest income amounted to $97.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $87.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $10.7 million, or 12.3%. The increase during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, was primarily due to the increase in the average balances on loans and securities. The increase in yields of loans and securities also increased during the comparative periods contributing to higher interest income. Average loan balances increased $129.9 million and $150.2 million and the yield on loans increased 6 and 14 basis points when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The average balance of securities increased $58.9 million and $84.9 million and the yield on such securities increased 26 basis points for both the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The average interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds decreased $24.7 million and $20.5 million and the yield on interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds decreased 77 and 72 basis points when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. INTEREST EXPENSE Interest expense amounted to $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 8.7%. Interest expense amounted to $40.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $43.6 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of $2.7 million, or 6.0%. The decrease during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to the decrease in the average cost of funds, partially offset by the increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. The decrease in the cost of NOW deposits had the greatest impact on interest expense when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The cost of NOW deposits decreased 35 and 39 basis points, and the cost of certificates of deposits decreased 50 and 64 basis points when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The growth in interest-bearing liabilities was primarily due to an increase in average NOW deposits of $129.6 million and $174.2 million and an increase in average certificates of deposits of $34.4 million and $45.2 million when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. This was partially offset by a decrease in average savings and money market deposits of $9.8 million and $14.0 million when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. When comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, yields on interest-earning assets increased while the costs of interest-bearing deposits declined, reflecting continued asset repricing and the Company’s strategic reduction in deposit rates. Net interest income increased $4.0 million to $20.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $16.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net interest income increased $13.4 million to $56.8 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, from $43.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, which increased $164.7 million and $215.6 million when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, an increase in interest rates on interest-earning assets, which increased 14 and 17 basis points when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and a decrease in rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, which decreased 29 and 31 basis points when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The increase in net interest income was offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities, which increased $144.1 million and $196.2 million when comparing the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Net interest rate spread increased 43 basis points to 2.55% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to 2.12% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net interest rate spread increased 48 basis points to 2.38% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to 1.90% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. Net interest margin increased 41 basis points to 2.73% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to 2.32% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net interest margin increased 45 basis points to 2.59% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to 2.14% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in net interest rate spread and net interest margin for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 was driven by higher interest income on loans and securities, as earning assets repriced and new originations reflected yields above prior-period levels, combined with disciplined deposit pricing that reduced funding costs. Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis includes the additional amount of interest income that would have been earned if the Company’s investment in tax-exempt securities and loans had been subject to federal and New York State income taxes yielding the same after-tax income. Tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.03% and 2.60% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and was 2.88% and 2.41% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 47 Index Index The Company closely monitors its interest rate risk, and the Company will continue to monitor and prudently manage the asset and liability mix to address the risks or potential negative effects of changes in interest rates. Management attempts to mitigate the interest rate risk through balance sheet composition. Several strategies are used to help manage interest rate risk such as maintaining a high level of liquid assets such as short-term federal funds sold and various investment securities and maintaining a high concentration of less interest-rate sensitive and lower-costing core deposits. PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES Management continues to closely monitor asset quality and adjust the level of the allowance for credit losses. The amount recognized for the provision for credit losses is determined by management based on its ongoing analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. Provision for credit losses amounted to $451,000 and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $1.9 million and $2.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The provision for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, was primarily attributable to an increase in loan volume offset by improvements in the economic forecasts used in the Current Expected Credit Loss model. The allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans receivable was 1.25% at March 31, 2026 as compared to 1.24% at June 30, 2025. NONINTEREST INCOME (Dollars in thousands) For the three months ended March 31, Change from prior year For the nine months ended March 31, Change from prior year Noninterest income: 2026 2025 Amount Percent 2026 2025 Amount Percent Service charges on deposit accounts $ 1,185 $ 1,191 $ (6 ) (0.5 )% $ 3,789 $ 3,690 $ 99 2.7 % Debit card fees 1,178 1,146 32 2.8 3,381 3,310 71 2.1 Investment services 298 297 1 0.3 846 797 49 6.1 E-commerce fees 34 16 18 112.5 90 87 3 3.4 Bank-owned life insurance 708 625 83 13.3 2,034 1,910 124 6.5 Net loss on sale of securities available-for-sale - (665 ) 665 100.0 (576 ) (665 ) 89 (13.4 ) Other operating income 296 1,246 (950 ) (76.2 ) 1,277 2,339 (1,062 ) (45.4 ) Total noninterest income $ 3,699 $ 3,856 $ (157 ) (4.1 )% $ 10,841 $ 11,468 $ (627 ) (5.5 )% Noninterest income decreased $157,000, or 4.1%, to $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to the Company earning an Employee Retention Tax Credit (“ERTC”) of $610,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and a $279,000 decrease in fee income earned on customer interest rate swap contracts, included in other operating income. This was partially offset by a $665,000 loss on sales of securities available-for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Noninterest income decreased $627,000, or 5.5%, to $10.8 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $11.5 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease during the nine months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to the Company earning an ERTC of $610,000 during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and a decrease of $317,000 in fee income earned on customer interest rate swap contracts, included in other operating income. This was partially offset by an increase in income from bank owned life insurance of $124,000, and an increase of $99,000 in service charge income. NONINTEREST EXPENSE (Dollars in thousands) For the three months ended March 31, Change from prior year For the nine months ended March 31, Change from prior year Noninterest expense: 2026 2025 Amount Percent 2026 2025 Amount Percent Salaries and employee benefits $ 6,783 $ 6,195 $ 588 9.5 % $ 19,162 $ 17,726 $ 1,436 8.1 % Occupancy expense 823 729 94 12.9 2,132 1,980 152 7.7 Equipment and furniture expense 173 226 (53 ) (23.5 ) 592 569 23 4.0 Service and data processing fees 833 667 166 24.9 2,401 2,207 194 8.8 Computer software, supplies and support 543 427 116 27.2 1,541 1,186 355 29.9 Advertising and promotion 111 136 (25 ) (18.4 ) 358 340 18 5.3 FDIC insurance premiums 373 353 20 5.7 1,110 1,022 88 8.6 Legal and professional fees 280 394 (114 ) (28.9 ) 1,165 1,003 162 16.2 Other 1,356 915 441 48.2 3,334 2,945 389 13.2 Total noninterest expense $ 11,275 $ 10,042 $ 1,233 12.3 % $ 31,795 $ 28,978 $ 2,817 9.7 % 48 Index Index Noninterest expense increased $1.2 million, or 12.3%, to $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to a $706,000 non-cash settlement charge as a result of the completed termination of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan, included in other expense, an increase of $588,000 in salaries and employee benefits, and an increase of $166,000 in service and data processing expenses. This was partially offset by a decrease of $277,000 in the allowance for credit losses unfunded commitment expense, included in other expense, due to a decrease in the Company’s contractual obligation to extend credit. Noninterest expense increased $2.8 million, or 9.7%, to $31.8 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $29.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The increase during the nine months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to an increase of $1.4 million in salaries and employee benefits, a $905,000 non-cash settlement charge as a result of the completed termination of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan, included in other expense, an increase of $355,000 in computer software, supplies and support fees, an increase of $252,000 in charitable contributions, included in other expense, as the Bank made a $250,000 charitable donation to the Bank of Greene County Charitable Foundation, an increase of $194,000 in service and data processing expenses, an increase of $162,000 in legal and professional fees, and an increase of $152,000 in occupancy expenses. This was partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in the allowance for credit losses unfunded commitment expense, included in other expense. INCOME TAXES Provision for income taxes reflects the expected tax associated with the pre-tax income generated for the given period and certain regulatory requirements. The effective tax rate was 13.5% and 12.4% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, and 9.9% and 8.0% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively. The statutory tax rate is impacted by the benefits derived from tax-exempt bond and loan income, the Company’s real estate investment trust subsidiary income, income received on the bank owned life insurance and tax credits, to arrive at the effective tax rate. The increase during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, is primarily due to higher pre-tax income and reflects a lower mix of tax-exempt income from municipal bonds, tax advantage loans, and bank owned life insurance in proportion to pre-tax income. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates and/or prices such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and equity prices. The Company’s most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk since the majority of the Company’s assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The Company’s primary sources of funds are deposits and proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, mortgage-backed securities and debt securities, with lines of credit available through the Federal Home Loan Bank, Atlantic Community Bankers Bank and three other financial institutions, as needed. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit outflows, mortgage prepayments, and lending activities are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition. At March 31, 2026, the Company had $139.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, representing 4.4% of total assets, and had $398.5 million available in unused lines of credit. As needed, to enhance strong levels of liquidity and to fund loan demand, the Bank and Commercial Bank (the “Banks”) may accept brokered deposits, generally in denominations of less than $250,000, from national brokerage networks, custodial deposit networks or through IntraFi’s one-way CDARS and ICS products, including IntraFi’s Insured Network Deposits (“IND”). The Banks combined can place and obtain brokered deposits up to 30% of total deposits, in the amount of $800.2 million based on policy. Additionally, both Banks participate in the IntraFi reciprocal (“two-way”) CDARS and the ICS products, which provides for reciprocal two-way transactions among other institutions, facilitated by IntraFi, for the purpose of maximizing FDIC insurance for depositors. The Company had $31.6 million and $51.6 million brokered deposits as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. Ensuring adequate liquidity to meet the Company’s cash and collateral obligations and due to the speed at which the movement of deposits may exit the bank, the Company’s primary liquidity measurement is focused on forward cash flows and the time sequence of available liquidity. This liquidity time sequence is determined by when cash becomes available in the Bank's Federal Reserve Account and then analyzed in time intervals of Minute 1, Day 1, Week 1 and Month 1. The Company’s secondary liquidity measurement is On-Balance Sheet liquidity, which utilizes cash and cash equivalents, the market value of unpledged securities and the market value of pledged but unencumbered securities. 49 Index Index At March 31, 2026, liquidity measures were as follows: Primary: Minute 1: (Cash and cash equivalents / non-contractual deposits) 8.91 % Day 1: (Minute 1 liquidity plus same day borrowing capacity / non-contractual deposits) 30.45 % Week 1: (Day 1 liquidity plus unpledged marketable investments and one-third brokered deposit capacity / non-contractual deposits) 50.19 % Month 1: (Week 1 liquidity plus remaining borrowing capacity / non-contractual deposits) 106.92 % Secondary: On-Balance Sheet: (Cash plus unpledged and unencumbered securities / non-contractual deposits) 12.35 % The Company’s off-balance sheet credit exposures at March 31, 2026: (In thousands) Unfunded loan commitments $ 114,330 Unused lines of credit 125,037 Standby letters of credit 794 Total commitments $ 240,161 The Company anticipates that it will have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments and other funding needs based on the level of cash and cash equivalents as well as the investments available-for-sale portfolio and borrowing capacity. The Bank of Greene County and its wholly owned subsidiary, Greene County Commercial Bank, met all applicable regulatory capital requirements at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025. To be well capitalized under For capital prompt corrective Capital conservation (Dollars in thousands) Actual adequacy purposes action provisions buffer The Bank of Greene County Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Actual Required As of March 31, 2026: Total risk-based capital $ 326,385 17.0 % $ 153,804 8.0 % $ 192,255 10.0 % 8.98 % 2.50 % Tier 1 risk-based capital 302,804 15.8 115,353 6.0 153,804 8.0 9.75 2.50 Common equity tier 1 capital 302,804 15.8 86,515 4.5 124,965 6.5 11.25 2.50 Tier 1 leverage ratio 302,804 9.8 123,222 4.0 154,027 5.0 5.83 2.50 As of June 30, 2025: Total risk-based capital $ 293,952 16.6 % $ 141,305 8.0 % $ 176,632 10.0 % 8.64 % 2.50 % Tier 1 risk-based capital 271,869 15.4 105,979 6.0 141,305 8.0 9.39 2.50 Common equity tier 1 capital 271,869 15.4 79,484 4.5 114,811 6.5 10.89 2.50 Tier 1 leverage ratio 271,869 9.2 117,646 4.0 147,057 5.0 5.24 2.50 Greene County Commercial Bank As of March 31, 2026: Total risk-based capital $ 132,164 46.4 % $ 22,778 8.0 % $ 28,473 10.0 % 38.42 % 2.50 % Tier 1 risk-based capital 132,164 46.4 17,084 6.0 22,778 8.0 40.42 2.50 Common equity tier 1 capital 132,164 46.4 12,813 4.5 18,507 6.5 41.92 2.50 Tier 1 leverage ratio 132,164 9.5 55,509 4.0 69,386 5.0 5.52 2.50 As of June 30, 2025: Total risk-based capital $ 122,243 46.9 % $ 20,871 8.0 % $ 26,089 10.0 % 38.86 % 2.50 % Tier 1 risk-based capital 122,243 46.9 15,654 6.0 20,871 8.0 40.86 2.50 Common equity tier 1 capital 122,243 46.9 11,740 4.5 16,958 6.5 42.36 2.50 Tier 1 leverage ratio 122,243 9.1 53,543 4.0 66,929 5.0 5.13 2.50 50 Index Index