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Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
First Interstate Bancsystem, Inc. · 10-Q · Q2 FY2026 · Period ended Jun 30, 2026
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This analysis should be read in conjunction with text under the caption “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which text is incorporated herein by reference. Our analysis of market risk and market-sensitive financial information contains forward-looking statements and is subject to the disclosure at the beginning of “Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding such forward-looking information.
Asset Liability Management
The goal of asset liability management is the prudent control of market risk, liquidity, and capital. Asset liability management is governed by policies, goals, and objectives adopted and reviewed by the Bank’s board of directors. Development of asset liability management strategies and monitoring of interest rate risk are the responsibility of the Asset Liability Committee, or ALCO, which is composed of members of senior management.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of loss of future earnings or long-term value due to changes in interest rates. Our primary source of earnings is net interest income, which is affected by the level of interest rates, changes in interest rates, the speed of changes in interest rates, the relationship between rates on interest bearing assets and liabilities, the impact of interest rate fluctuations on asset prepayments, and the mix of interest bearing assets and liabilities.
The ability to optimize net interest income is largely dependent upon the achievement of an interest rate spread that can be managed during periods of fluctuating interest rates. Interest sensitivity is a measure of the extent to which net interest income will be affected by market interest rates over a period.
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Net Interest Income Sensitivity
We believe net interest income sensitivity provides the best perspective of how day-to-day decisions affect our interest rate risk profile. We monitor net interest income sensitivity by utilizing an income simulation model to subject 12- and 24- month net interest income to various rate movements. Simulations modeled quarterly include scenarios where market rates change instantaneously up or down in a parallel or non-parallel manner. Estimates produced by our income simulation model are based on numerous assumptions including, but not limited to: (1) the timing of changes in interest rates, (2) shifts or rotations in the yield curve, (3) repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments, (4) differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices, (5) varying loan prepayment speeds for different interest rate scenarios, (6) the effect of interest rate limitations in our assets, such as caps and floors, and (7) overall growth and repayment rates and product mix of assets and liabilities. Because of limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulation results are not intended as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather to provide insight into our current interest rate exposure and execute appropriate asset/liability management strategies accordingly.
The following table presents the net interest income simulation model’s projected change in net interest income over a one-year horizon due to a change in interest rates. The net interest income simulation assumes parallel shifts in the yield curve and a static balance sheet. The net interest income simulation also uses a “deposit beta” modeling assumption which is an estimate of the change in total deposit pricing for a given change in market interest rates. In up-rate scenarios, the total deposit beta is 29% over the 12-month simulation with the pricing change occurring in the first month of the net interest income simulation horizon. In down-rate scenarios, the total deposit beta is 29% over the 12-month simulation with the pricing change occurring in the first month of the net interest income simulation horizon. Actual changes to deposit pricing may vary significantly from this simulation due to management actions, customer behavior, and market forces, which may have significant impacts to our net interest income. The net interest income simulations at June 30, 2026 indicate a balanced repricing dynamic between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.
Change in Interest Rate Percent Change in Net Interest Income
(basis points) June 30, 2026
+200 0.97%
+100 0.59
-100 (0.88)
-200 (1.93)
The preceding interest rate sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results.
As of June 30, 2026, the Company does not have any active interest rate derivatives designated as fair value or cash flow hedges. Amounts previously deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) related to cash flow hedges will be reclassified to income over time as the previously hedged, forecasted transactions remain probable of occurring. The Company continues to monitor its interest rate risk exposure and may enter into new derivative contracts in the future as part of its ongoing risk management activities.
Refer to “Note – Derivatives and Hedging Activities” in the accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this report for further discussion on how we manage interest rate risk.
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