← Back to SUPV filing summaryOriginal filing text · Part I
Item 5 — Management's Discussion and Analysis
Grupo Supervielle S.a. · 20-F · FY 2025 · Period ended Dec 31, 2025
View complete filing on SEC EDGAR ↗This is the extracted source text from the SEC filing. Formatting may differ from the original document.
This section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, those set forth in “Forward-looking Statements,” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”
This discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this annual report.
Financial Presentation
Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
“Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies” (IAS 29) requires that the financial statements of an entity whose functional currency is one of a hyperinflationary economy be measured in terms of the current unit of measurement at the closing date of the reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on the historical cost method or the current cost method. This requirement also includes the comparative information in financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in the measurement unit current as of December 31, 2025.
Our segment disclosure for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is presented on a basis that corresponds with our internal reporting structure and is consistent with the manner in which our Board of Directors regularly evaluates the components of our operations in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing the performance of our business.
We measure the performance of each of our business segments primarily in terms of net income (i.e., net revenues–or financial income and service fee income, net of financial expenses and service fee expenses–after deducting loan loss provisions and administrative costs directly attributable to the segment). Net income excludes the financial expenses incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level in connection with its funding arrangements (although substantially all the proceeds of such arrangements have been contributed as capital to the subsidiaries through which the segments are operated), as well as transactions between segments, which are reflected under “Adjustments.”
In 2025, we operated our business through the following segments:
· Personal and Business Banking: Through the Bank, we offer our customers a full range of financial products and services, including personal loans, mortgage loans, deposit accounts, purchase and sale of foreign exchange and precious metals and credit cards, among others.
· Corporate Banking: Through the Bank, we offer large corporations and middle-market companies a full range of products, services and financial assessment including factoring, leasing, foreign trade finance and cash management.
· Treasury: It is primarily responsible for the allocation of the Bank’s liquidity according to the needs of the Personal and Business Banking segment, the Corporate Banking segment and its own needs. The Treasury segment implements the Bank’s financial risk management policies, manages the Bank’s trading desk, distributes treasury products such as debt securities, and develops businesses with wholesale financial and non-financial clients.
· Insurance: Through Supervielle Seguros, Grupo Supervielle offers insurance products, primarily personal accidents insurance, protected bag insurance, life insurance and integral insurance policies for small businesses and SMEs. Supervielle Seguros is continuously offering new products to the different customer segments of the companies of Grupo Supervielle: high net worth individuals (Identité), senior citizens, small businesses and SMEs, and customers of the Corporate Banking segment.
158
Table of Contents
· Asset Management and Other Services: Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of other services to its customers, including mutual fund investment products through Supervielle Asset Management, brokerage and investment products and services through IOL invertironline, and non-financial products through Cordial Servicios.
The Group has applied for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing on January 1, 2025 amendments to IAS 21 (Lack of Interchangeability), which establish a two-step approach to assess whether a currency can be exchanged for another currency and, when such exchange is not possible, they establish the approach to determine the exchange rate to be applied and the information to be disclosed. These amendments had no significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements and will be effective for the years starting on January 1, 2025.
During 2025, we implemented changes to our internal capital allocation methodology, effective as of January 1, 2025. As a result of these changes, the concepts that were previously allocated among our different segments according to their capital usage percentage, such as capital results and inflation adjustment. See Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements. These changes had an impact on the results of our Personal and Business Banking, Corporate Banking, and Treasury segments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. See “–Results by Segments–Results by Segments for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.”
Overview
We operate in a complex economic context both domestically and internationally. In 2025, according to the IMF, the global economy grew by approximately 3.3%, in line with the growth recorded in 2024. This period was characterized by heightened global volatility, driven by trade tensions and geopolitical developments, as well as a cautious monetary policy stance by major central banks. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP grew by 4.4% in 2025. A significant portion of this growth reflected a statistical carryover effect from the recovery in activity towards the end of 2024, mainly driven by an increase in agriculture and financial intermediation activities. In addition, economic activity strengthened towards the end of 2025, led by agriculture, which offset a decline in manufacturing and retail activities. In 2024, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.7% mainly due to a contraction in construction activities, manufacturing industry, and wholesale and retail trade. In 2023, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.6% mainly due to the severe drought that affected agricultural production.
On March 25, 2022, the IMF approved the execution of the IMF Agreement with Argentina for a total amount of U.S.$44 billion, which includes a disbursement of U.S.$9.6 billion. In October 2022, December 2022, April 2023, August 2023 and June 2024, the IMF authorized disbursements of U.S.$3.8 billion, U.S.$6 billion, U.S.$5.4 billion U.S.$7.5 billion and U.S. $790 million, respectively, following Argentina’s completion of the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement.
On March 11, 2025, the Argentine government issued the Emergency Decree No. 179/2025 which approved certain public credit transactions that are provided in the IMF Agreement.
These credit transactions have a ten-year maturity period and the proceeds therefrom are expected to be used for the repayment of certain pre-existing obligations, among other purposes. On April 8, 2025, the IMF and the Argentine government reached an agreement to enter into the New IMF Agreement for a total amount of approximately U.S.$20 billion. On April 11, 2025, the IMF approved an initial disbursement of U.S.$12 billion under the New IMF Agreement and an additional disbursement of U.S.$2 billion to be made in June 2025. The New IMF Agreement has a ten-year maturity period and an annual interest rate of 5.63%.
Additionally, on April 11, 2025, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank approved the granting of financial assistance to Argentina under multi-year programs in the amounts of U.S.$12 billion and U.S.$10 billion, respectively.
Additionally, in September 2025, the Argentine government and the U.S. Treasury announced a framework for a bilateral currency swap line of up to approximately U.S.$20 billion, under which Argentina’s Central Bank may draw U.S. Dollars in exchange for Pesos. The agreement aims to support Argentina’s macroeconomic stability, with a particular focus on preserving price stability and promoting sustainable economic growth. The agreement sets forth the terms and conditions for bilateral currency swap operations between the parties, which are expected to expand the Central Bank’s monetary and exchange policy toolkit and strengthen the liquidity of its international reserves. As of the date of this annual report, the Argentine government has been disbursed approximately U.S.$2.5 billion under this swap line, which was fully repaid by the Argentine government on January 9, 2026. See “Risk Factors–Risks Relating to Argentina–The Argentine government’s ability to obtain financing from the international loan and capital markets may be limited or costly, which may impair its ability to implement reforms and foster economic growth.”
159
Table of Contents
The Argentine Economy
Beginning in December 2001 and for most of 2002, Argentina experienced one of the most severe crises in its history which nearly left its economy at a standstill and deeply affected its financial sector. Between 2004 and 2009, the Argentine economy and the financial sector recovered considerably. Since 2009, the Argentine economy has shown increased volatility in most of the years. Macroeconomic conditions in 2020 were mainly marked by the health crisis that had a strong impact on activity levels, while in 2021 and 2022 economic activity started to recover. However, in 2023 the economic activity decreased due to the impact of the droughts which took place in Argentina in 2023. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP increased by 4.4% in 2025 compared to 2024. A significant portion of this growth reflected a statistical carryover effect from the recovery in activity towards the end of 2024, mainly driven by an increase in agriculture and financial intermediation activities. In addition, economic activity strengthened towards the end of 2025, led by agriculture, which offset a decline in manufacturing and retail activities. In 2024, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.7%, mainly as a result of a decrease in construction activities by 17.7%, which were negatively impacted by the slowdown in public works, a decrease in manufacturing industry activities by 9.2% and a decrease in wholesale and retail trade and repairs by 7.3%. During 2025, the macroeconomic environment in Argentina was influenced by monetary policy measures taken by the Central Bank associated with the pre-electoral period in Argentina, which triggered financial volatility and exchange rate pressure. The Argentine government focused on containing inflation and stabilizing exchange rates and the Central Bank adopted contractionary monetary policies that adversely impacted the financial system and the profitability of the Argentine banking sector. These policies included increases in reserve requirements with effective ratios exceeding 50% of peso deposits, including over 35% held in cash, and a shift in the compliance methodology from a monthly average to a daily basis. Additionally, nominal and real interest rates remained high and deposit rates increased, while loan repricing decreased due to the longer duration of loans, thereby compressing financial margins. Elevated interest rates also limited private-sector credit expansion and impacted economic activity and asset quality. From the fourth quarter of 2025 onwards, following the mid‑term elections in Argentina, financial conditions gradually stabilized, with lower interest rates and improved access to financing.
According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s monthly economic indicator
The table below includes certain economic indicators in Argentina for the years indicated:
December 31,
2023 2024 2025
GDP real growth (%) (1.6) (1.7) 4.4
Primary fiscal balance (excludes interest) (as a % of GDP) (2) (2.7) 0.3 0.2
Total public debt (as a % of GDP) (3) 155.7 82.6 78.2
Trade balance (in million U.S.$) (6,838) 18,928 11,286
Total deposits (as a % of GDP)(1) 22.2 19.3 21.1
Loans to the private sector (as a % of GDP)(1) 8.0 10.7 14.8
Unemployment rate-end year- (%) 5.7 6.4 7.5
Inflation in consumer prices –Dec./Dec. - CPI INDEC (%) 211.4 117.8 31.5
Average nominal exchange rate (in Ps.Per U.S.$) 295.62 916.25 1,244.26
Source: INDEC, Central Bank and City of Buenos Aires
(1) Company estimates based on Central Bank information. Total deposits (as a % of GDP) is calculated as private sector deposits as of December 31, 2025 and Loans to the private sector (as a % of GDP) is calculated as taking into consideration total loans as of December 31, 2025 to GDP.
(2) Company estimates based on information published by the Argentine Ministry of Economy.
(3) Information published by the Argentine Ministry of Economy as of September 30, 2025.
Through Communications “A” 8281 and “A” 8289 issued on July 17 and July 31, 2025, respectively, the Central Bank raised the reserve requirements by 20 percentage points on demand deposits and time deposits with early withdrawal options, deposits from mutual funds and repo transactions. Through Communication “A” 8306 issued on August 29, 2025, the Central Bank further increased the reserve requirements by 3.5 percentage points on all peso-denominated liabilities and allowed banks to meet part of their reserve requirement by holding qualifying government securities instead of cash deposits at the Central Bank. These regulations increased the share of immobilized liquidity in the Argentine banking system and reduced the availability of lendable funds in the Argentine banking
160
Table of Contents
sector. On November 1, 2025, through Communication “A” 8350, the Central Bank established that minimum cash reserve requirements must be calculated based on the monthly average, while ensuring a daily minimum integration of 95%. On November 20, 2025, through Communication “A” 8355, the Central Bank eliminated, effective December 1, 2025, the additional 3.5-percentage-point reserve requirement applied to demand deposits and certain money-market-related accounts which was ruled on August 29 and effective since September 1, while increasing the portion that may be integrated with qualifying government securities by the same amount. The daily minimum integration requirement will also be reduced from 95% to 75%. As a result, minimum reserve requirements on Savings and Checking accounts were reduced to 50.0%, of which 31.5% must be met in cash and 18.5% with government securities, while reserve requirements on Special Checking Accounts from Mutual Funds were reduced to 45.5%, with 36.5% to be met in cash and 8.5% with government securities. Separately, the Central Bank extended until March 31, 2026 the additional 5-percentage-point reserve requirement originally established by Communication “A” 8302 for Group A banks -including Banco Supervielle- and G-SIB subsidiaries, while maintaining broader flexibility for integration with eligible government securities.
In addition, the agreement between Argentina and the U.S. Treasury, which provides for financial assistance and foreign exchange support, helped stabilize the market expectations and supported relative exchange rate stability toward the end of the third quarter of 2025.
On October 26, 2025, national mid-term legislative elections were held. The purpose of the mid-term elections was to renew 127 of the 257 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Argentine Congress, and 24 of the 72 seats in the Senate, the upper house. La Libertad Avanza obtained approximately 40.7% of the national votes for the Chamber of Deputies and approximately 42.0% for the Senate, while the main opposition party, Fuerza Patria, obtained approximately 31.7% of the national vote for the Chamber of Deputies and approximately 28.4% for the Senate. We believe that the new composition of the Argentine Congress is more conducive to the approval of key structural reforms, especially in the areas of labor and tax policies, and we expect it will allow the Argentine government to advance its legislative agenda with stronger political backing.
As a result of the measures adopted by the Argentine government, inflation in Argentina decreased from 25.5% in December 2023 to 2.7% in December 2024. According to the Market Expectations Survey published by the Central Bank, inflation was expected to be approximately 227% for 2024, however, it ended at 117.8% as a result of the strict discipline in public accounts that avoided the issuance of money to finance the fiscal deficit. During 2025, inflation decreased to 31.5%, mainly reflecting fiscal discipline, the slowdown in monetary issuance and the stabilization of expectations.
As of December 31, 2025, the unemployment rate in Argentina increased to 7.5% compared to 6.4% as of December 31, 2024, and 5.7% as of December 31, 2023. According to the INDEC, as of December 31, 2025, total salaries increased 38.2% compared to December 31, 2024. During 2025, the trade balance accumulated a surplus of U.S.$11,286 million, mainly as a result of a 9.3% increase in exports, which amounted to U.S.$87,077 million, and a 24.7% increase in imports, which amounted to U.S.$75,791 million, compared to a surplus of U.S.$18.928 million during 2024. During 2024, the trade balance accumulated a surplus of U.S.$18,928 million, compared to a deficit of U.S.$6,838 million in 2023, mainly as a result of a 19.0% increase in exports, reaching U.S.$79,703 million, and a 17.7% decrease in imports reaching U.S.$60,776 million.
As of December 31, 2025, gross international reserves recorded a gain of U.S.$41,167 million mainly due to the disbursements made by the IMF during 2025 under the agreement between Argentina and the IMF dated April 8, 2025.
Argentina has faced and continues to face inflationary pressures. From 2011 to date, Argentina experienced increases in inflation as measured by CPI and WPI. According to the available public information based on data from the INDEC, CPI grew 94.8% in 2022, 211.4% in 2023, 117.8% in 2024, and 31.5% in 2025.
The Financial System
The financial system has been affected by the economic conditions in Argentina over the last several years. During 2025, economic activity showed a recovery following the contraction observed in the first half of the year. According to the INDEC, GDP grew by 4.4% in 2025, following a decline of 1.7% in 2024. A significant portion of this growth reflected a statistical carryover effect from the recovery in activity towards the end of 2024, mainly driven by an increase in agriculture and financial intermediation activities. In addition, economic activity strengthened towards the end of 2025, led by agriculture, which offset a decline in manufacturing and retail activities.
161
Table of Contents
The solvency ratios of the financial system continued to be historically high. As of December 31, 2025, the regulatory capital adequacy ratio of the sector totaled 28.6% of the risk weighted assets (RWA), which represents a 253% excess adequacy that stipulated by applicable regulations.
Despite the increase in loans and deposits in real terms in 2024 and 2023, the deposit and loan to GDP ratio in the private financial system continues to be below the average of other countries in the region and the world.
The penetration both of deposits and loans continues being lower than the levels recorded before the 1999-2002 crisis. As of December 31, 2025, the deposit to GDP ratio was 21.1% and the loan to GDP ratio was 14.8% as compared to 19.3% and 10.7%, respectively, in December 2024. The total deposits from the private sector financial system increased by 13.2% in 2025 in real terms. As of December 31, 2025, deposits in Pesos recorded a 7.4% growth in real terms, and U.S. dollar deposits measured in U.S. dollar totaled U.S.$36,982 million, increasing 17.5% from 2024.
As of December 31, 2025, total private sector loans amounted to Ps.132,276 billion, which represents an increase of 36.7% compared to 2024. As of the same date, private sector loans in Pesos grew by 27.3% compared to 2024, reaching a credit to GDP ratio penetration of 14.8%.
The following table shows the 2016 to 2025 evolution of major financial statements items for the financial system (figures in nominal terms):
December 31,
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
(in billons of Pesos)
Assets 2,646 3,469 5,532 6,738 10,902 16,763 32,077 97,401 209,480 303,018
Liabilities 2,348 3,068 4,921 5,830 9,210 14,049 26,256 75,071 158,364 236,671
Shareholders’ equity 297 401 611 908 1,692 2,713 5,821 22,330 51,116 66,348
Loans 1,165 1,737 2,365 2,883 3,775 5,352 8,953 22,690 76,217 138,714
Non-financial public sector 53 38 49 104 98 121 205 535 1,292 2,179
Financial sector 26 44 62 58 69 94 103 265 1,394 4,258
Non-financial private sector 1,086 1,655 2,254 2,721 3,608 5,137 8,645 21,890 73,531 132,277
Provisions (28) (46) (87) (159) (219) (259) (368) (1,190) (1,959) (7,058)
Deposits 1,969 2,446 4,085 4,839 8,050 12,345 23,266 62,796 136,766 197,940
Non-financial public sector 440 455.75 854.40 754 1,431 2,352 3,686 9,453 23,399 30,528
Non-financial private sector 1,511 1,969 3,163 4,004 6,522 9,823 19,049 51,578 111,295 165,704
Source: Central Bank. Figures are expressed in original currency, not adjusted for inflation.
The table below shows the 2016 to 2025 evolution of the number of financial institutions in the financial system:
December 31,
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Banks 63 62 63 63 64 64 63 63 61 60
Public banks 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14
Private banks 50 49 50 50 51 51 50 50 48 46
Private argentine capital banks 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 34
Foreign capital domestic banks 10 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 7 6
Foreign financial institution branch banks 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6
Financial companies 14 14 14 15 15 15 14 14 13 13
Credit unions 1 1 1 — — — — — — —
Total financial institutions 78 77 78 78 79 79 77 77 74 73
Source: Central Bank. Figures are expressed in original currency, not adjusted for inflation.
162
Table of Contents
The following table shows the 2008 to 2025 evolution of some key performance indicators of the financial system:
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Non-Performing Loans ratio 2.7 3.0 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 3.0 5.7 4.2 4.3 3.1 3.5 1.6 5.3
NPL Coverage Ratio 117.0 115.3 147.7 176.1 144.4 150.4 141.6 150.2 139.8 151.6 121.2 94.0 136.0 110.0 128.0 140.0 159.0 94.0
ROAA Private Banks 1.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.2 4.2 7.5 2.7 1.3 1.7 4.8 3.1 0.7
ROAA Financial System 1.6 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.1 4.1 3.6 2.7 4.1 5.4 2.4 1.1 2.0 5.3 4.0 1.0
ROAE Private Banks 15.2 22.9 24.5 25.6 26.4 29.1 32.1 31.2 29.4 26.6 35.6 60.3 16.6 7.6 9.1 23.4 12.7 3.6
ROAE Financial System 13.4 19.2 22.6 25.3 25.7 29.5 32.7 32.4 29.6 23.4 36.1 46.4 16.4 7.2 11.4 26.9 15.6 4.4
Source: Central Bank
NPL and NPL Coverage: Central Bank. Figures are expressed following Argentine Banking GAAP. Until December 31, 2019 did not apply IFRS 9 provisions. Figures are expressed in original currency and not adjusted for inflation. 2020 information was impacted by: (i) the relief program ruled by the Central Bank amid the pandemic which allowed debtors to reschedule their loan payments originally maturing between April 2020 and March 2021, together with the automatic rescheduling of unpaid credit card balances due April and September 2020; and (ii) the Central Bank regulatory easing on debtor classifications amid the pandemic (adding a 60-days grace period before loans are classified as non-performing) and the suspension of mandatory reclassification of customers that are non-performing with other banks, but performing with Supervielle introduced in 1Q20 and extended until June 30, 2021.
ROAA and ROAE: Central Bank. Figures are expressed following Argentine Banking GAAP. Until December 31, 2019 did not apply IFRS 9 provisions. Figures are expressed in original currency and not adjusted for inflation. Since January 2020, Central Bank figures are expressed applying hyperinflation accounting.
The following tables show market share of Argentine banks in terms of loans and deposits (calculated with balance at the end of the reporting period) as of December 31, 2025 according to the Central Bank:
Market Share of Loans December 31, 2025
BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA S.A. 19.2 %
BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A.U. 13.7 %
BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A. 10.1 %
BANCO SANTANDER ARGENTINA S.A. 9.3 %
BANCO MACRO S.A. 8.1 %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES 6.9 %
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA (ARGENTINA) S.A.U. 4.8 %
BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. 3.0 %
BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. 2.8 %
BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES 2.3 %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE CORDOBA S.A. 2.2 %
BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LIMITADO 1.8 %
NUEVO BANCO DE SANTA FE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 1.4 %
BANCO COMAFI SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 1.1 %
CITIBANK N.A. 1.0 %
163
Table of Contents
Market Share of Deposits December 31, 2025
BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA 22.8 %
BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A.U. 12.9 %
BANCO SANTANDER ARGENTINA S.A. 8.7 %
BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A. 8.7 %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES 6.9 %
BANCO MACRO S.A. 6.9 %
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA (ARGENTINA) S.A.U. 3.5 %
BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES 3.4 %
BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LIMITADO 2.9 %
BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. 2.9 %
BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. 2.6 %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE CORDOBA S.A. 2.4 %
NUEVO BANCO DE SANTA FE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 1.5 %
CITIBANK N.A. 1.4 %
BANCO COMAFI SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 1.3 %
As of December 31, 2025, our market share of total deposits was 2.6%, while our market share of private‑sector deposits reached 3.0%, according to data published by the Central Bank.
With respect to the distribution network, as of December 31, 2025, the financial system had 4,131 branches, 7,157 self-service terminals and 18,329 ATMs, with coverage throughout Argentina.
Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation
During 2024 and 2025, the headline inflation index (measured through the CPI) increased by 117.8% and 31.5%, respectively, and core inflation (which excludes the effect of regulated and seasonal goods prices) increased by 105.5% and 33.1%, respectively.
During periods of high inflation, effective wages and salaries tend to fall and consumers adjust their consumption patterns to eliminate unnecessary expenses. The increase in inflationary risk may erode macroeconomic growth and further limit the availability of financing, causing a negative impact on our operations. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—If the levels of inflation increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.”
IAS 29 requires that financial statements of any entity whose functional currency is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. IAS 29 does not establish an inflation rate beyond which an economy is deemed to be experiencing hyperinflation. However, hyperinflation is commonly understood to occur when changes in price levels are close to or exceed 100% on a cumulative basis over the last three years, along with other several macroeconomic-related qualitative factors. Following this criteria, Argentine economy is considered hyperinflationary according to IAS 29 starting July 1, 2018. As a result, financial statements for the year ended on December 31, 2025 have been stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the consolidated financial statement date.
164
Table of Contents
The following table shows the rate of inflation, as measured by the variations in the WPI and the CPI, according to the INDEC and the evolution of the reference stabilization coefficient (“CER,” per its Spanish acronym) index and UVA used to adjust the principal of certain of our assets and liabilities, for the periods indicated.Argentina has faced and continues to face inflationary pressures. From 2011 to date, Argentina experienced increases in inflation as measured by CPI and WPI.
Year ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in percentages)
Price Indices:(1)
WPI 26.2 % 67.1 % 276.4 %
CPI 31.5 % 117.8 % 211.4 %
Adjustment Index:
CER 31.30 % 178.80 % 151.62 %
UVA(2) 31.30 % 180.72 % 150.05 %
(1)Source: INDEC, Central Bank
(2)UVAs are inflation adjusted units introduced in September 2016.
Currency Composition of our Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities denominated in Pesos, in Pesos adjusted by the CER and in foreign currency, at the dates indicated.
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in thousands of Pesos)
Assets
In Pesos, unadjusted 5,319,919,945 4,265,181,616 4,879,650,260
In Pesos, adjusted by the CER 463,774,865 402,328,616 161,930,055
In Foreign Currency(1) 1,985,870,085 1,255,703,196 849,273,415
Total Assets 7,769,564,895 5,923,213,428 5,890,853,730
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
In Pesos, unadjusted, including Shareholders’ Equity 5,532,227,846 4,611,786,785 5,130,069,092
In Pesos, Adjusted by the CER 11,604,214 78,753,822 17,408,138
In Foreign Currency(1) 2,225,732,835 1,232,672,821 743,376,500
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity 7,769,564,895 5,923,213,428 5,890,853,730
(1) Converted into Pesos based on the reference exchange rates reported by the Central Bank for December 31, 2025 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps. 1,459.42), December 31, 2024 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.1,032.50), December 31, 2023 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.808.48).
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
We discuss below our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.
We expressly state that our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 are hereby incorporated by reference to “Item 5.A. Operating Results” of the Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed by us with the SEC under the file number 001-37777, except for our results of
165
Table of Contents
operations by segments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which are incorporated in this annual report under “–Results by Segments–Results by Segments for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.”
Selected Ratios
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
SELECTED RATIOS
Return (loss) on average equity (1) (3.6) % 13.2 % 16.8 %
Return (loss) on average assets (2) (0.5) % 2.6 % 2.5 %
Net Interest Margin (3) 17.4 % 34.6 % 31.5 %
Net Fee Income Ratio (4) 22.6 % 15.0 % 14.5 %
Efficiency Ratio (5) 65.6 % 50.6 % 54.7 %
Cost/assets (6) 9.0 % 12.9 % 13.5 %
Basic earnings per share (Ps.) (7) (85.8) 312.6 334.0
Diluted earnings per share (Ps.) N/A N/A N/A
Basic earnings (losses) per share (in US$) (8) (0.1) 0.2 0.2
Diluted (losses) per share (in U.S.$.) (8) N/A N/A N/A
Liquidity and Capital
Loans to Total Deposits (9) 78.1 % 69.9 % 32.3 %
Total Equity / Total Assets 12.7 % 17.7 % 16.6 %
Consolidated Capital / Risk weighted assets (10) 15.4 % 16.1 % 21.4 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1)/ Risk weighted assets (10) 15.4 % 16.1 % 21.4 %
LCR Pro forma(10) 119.0 % 107.1 % 112.6 %
Risk Weighted Assets/Assets (10) 62.0 % 80.8 % 51.3 %
Asset Quality
Non-performing loans as a percentage of Total Loans 5.0 % 1.3 % 1.2 %
Allowances as a percentage of Total Loans 5.8 % 2.2 % 3.5 %
Cost of risk (11) 6.5 % 2.6 % 5.9 %
Cost of risk, net (12) 6.3 % 2.4 % 5.0 %
Coverage Ratio(13) 118.1 % 196.5 % 291.6 %
Other Data
Dividends paid to ordinary shares (Ps.thousands) — 32,881 36,784
Dividends per common share (Ps.) — 0.1 0.1
(1) Attributable net income divided by average shareholders’ equity, calculated on a daily basis and measured in local currency.
(2) Attributable net Income divided by average assets, calculated on a daily basis and measured in local currency.
(3) Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, divided by average interest-earning assets.
(4) Net services fee income + Income from insurance activities divided by the sum of Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, net Services fee income, Income from insurance activities, etc.
(5) Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciation & Amortization divided by the sum of Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, net Services fee income, Income from insurance activities and Other net operating income.
(6) Administration expenses divided by average assets, calculated on a daily basis.
(7) Basic earnings per share (in Pesos) are based upon the weighted average of Grupo Supervielle’s outstanding shares, which were 437,731,165 for the year ended December 31, 2025, 439,664,227 for the year ended December 31, 2024, 442,727,459 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
(8) Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank as of December 31, 2025 which was Ps. 1,459.42 to U.S.$1.00.
(9) Loans and Leasing before allowances divided by total deposits.
(10) For the calculation of these line items, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Banking Regulation and Supervision.” CET1 and total capital ratios for the year 2022 include the liquidity retained at the holding company (Grupo Supervielle) level, which were available for capital injections to our subsidiaries.
166
Table of Contents
(11) Loan loss provisions divided by total financing (Loans, Leasing, and off-balance guarantees granted to corporate customers as guaranteed SMEs bonds, “Pagares Bursatiles” and foreign trade transactions as of end of the reported period.
(12) Loan loss provisions including recovered loan loss provisions divided by total financing (Loans, Leasing, and off-balance guarantees granted to corporate customers as guaranteed SMEs bonds, “Pagares Bursatiles” and foreign trade transactions as of end of the reported period).
(13) Allowances for loan losses divided by non-performing loans.
Attributable Comprehensive Income and Attributable Net Income
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
Change
December
As of December 31, 31,
2025 2024 2025/2024
Ps. Ps. %
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Consolidated Income Statement Data
Interest income 1,766,381,830 2,185,410,149 (19.2) %
Interest expenses (947,126,579) (1,168,170,898) (18.9) %
Net interest income 819,255,251 1,017,239,251 (19.5) %
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss 75,783,314 185,568,334 (59.2) %
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost 5,063,724 107,953,651 (95.3) %
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency (58,690,843) 12,197,355 (581.2) %
NIFFI and Exchange Rate Differences 22,156,195 305,719,340 (92.8) %
Net Financial Income 841,411,446 1,322,958,591 (36.4) %
Commissions income 267,528,507 257,445,771 3.9 %
Commissions expense (59,002,175) (56,014,098) 5.3 %
Income from insurance activities 36,484,311 32,880,268 11.0 %
Net Service Fee Income 245,010,643 234,311,941 4.6 %
Sub Total 1,086,422,089 1,557,270,532 (30.2) %
Other operating income 64,915,253 51,558,266 25.9 %
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency (142,717,560) (402,396,322) (64.5) %
Loan loss provisions (267,444,919) (78,288,899) 241.6 %
Net Operating Revenue 741,174,863 1,128,143,577 (34.3) %
Personnel expenses (327,252,742) (385,865,340) (15.2) %
Administration expenses (221,807,455) (229,325,163) (3.3) %
Depreciations and impairment of premises and equipment (73,412,284) (69,173,761) 6.1 %
Other operating expenses (202,719,218) (255,839,291) (20.8) %
Operating income (84,016,836) 187,940,022 (144.7) %
Results before taxes from continuing operations (84,016,836) 187,940,022 (144.7) %
Income tax 46,346,613 (50,380,410) (192.0) %
Net (loss) / income for the year (37,670,223) 137,559,612 (127.4) %
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to parent company (37,571,322) 137,459,742 (127.3) %
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest (98,901) 99,869 (199.0) %
Total Other Comprehensive (loss) / income (1,983,029) (16,167,401) (87.7) %
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to parent company (1,977,334) (16,147,122) (87.8) %
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest (5,695) (20,279) (71.9) %
Total Comprehensive (loss) / income (39,653,252) 121,392,210 (132.7) %
Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to parent company (39,548,656) 121,312,620 (132.6) %
Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest (104,596) 79,590 (231.4) %
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity (3.6) % 13.2 %
Return on Average Assets (0.5) % 2.6 %
Attributable net income in 2025 amounted to a Ps.37.6 billion loss, as compared to a Ps.137.5 billion gain in 2024. Attributable comprehensive income in 2025 amounted to a Ps.39.5 billion loss, compared to a Ps.121.3 billion gain in 2024.
167
Table of Contents
The decrease in attributable net income and attributable comprehensive income were mainly due to: (i) a decrease of 36.4%, or Ps.481.5 billion, in net financial income, which totaled Ps.841.4 billion compared to Ps.1,322.9 billion in 2024, mainly driven by lower net financial income, as a result of contractionary monetary measures, higher reserve requirements adopted by the Central Bank and elevated interest rates, which increased funding costs and negatively affected investment portfolio results; and (ii) an increase of 241.6%, or Ps.189.2 billion, in provisions for loan losses, which totaled Ps.267.4 billion, reflecting loan portfolio expansion since March 2024, deterioration in retail loan asset quality and a more challenging macroeconomic backdrop.
These decreases were partially offset by: (i) a decrease of Ps.259.7 billion in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, which totaled Ps.142.7 billion in 2025, compared to Ps.402.4 billion in 2024, mainly as a result of a significant decline in inflation; (ii) a decrease of 9.0%, or Ps.61.9 billion, in personnel, administrative, and depreciation and amortization expenses, reflecting structural cost efficiencies and lower personnel expenses; (iii) an increase of 3.5%, or Ps. 7.1 billion, in net service fee income (excluding income from insurance activities), which totaled Ps. 208.5 billion compared to Ps. 201.4 billion in 2024, mainly explained by higher banking business commissions as a result of product repricing that outpaced inflation and higher income from our asset management business, and (iv) a decrease of 32.5%, or Ps.66.5 billion, in other net operating losses.
In the year ended December 31, 2025, ROAA and ROAE were (0.5)% and (3.6)%, respectively, as compared to 2.6% and 13.2%, respectively, in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Net Financial Income
Net financial income in the year ended December 31, 2025 amounted to Ps.841.4 billion and net interest margin (“NIM”) was 17.4%, compared to Ps.1,323.0 billion and 34.6%, respectively, in the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in net financial income was mainly explained by a 60.4%, or Ps. 894.7 billion, decrease in investment portfolio results, driven by a 4,240 basis point decrease in portfolio yield and a 13.2%, or Ps. 250.5 billion, decrease in volume. This decrease was partially offset by (i) a 66.4% increase in the average volume of the loan portfolio, which was partially offset by a 1,250 basis point decrease in the average rate earned on the loan portfolio, and (ii) a 1,570 basis point decrease in funding costs while total interest-bearing liabilities increased by 60.0%.
In 2025, NIM decreased to 17.4% compared to 34.6% in 2024, reflecting a normalization from the extraordinary levels recorded in the prior year. The decline was mainly driven by lower spreads in a context of declining inflation and nominal interest rates, as well as changes in asset mix, including a greater focus on corporate and SME lending, a higher share of foreign currency‑denominated assets, and a reduced contribution from government securities. In 2024, NIM had been supported by extraordinary returns on the government securities portfolio.
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our net interest income, and net income from financial instruments (“NIFFI”), result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and exchange rate differences as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 Change
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
$ $ %
Net Interest Income 819,255,251 1,017,239,251 (19.5) %
NIFFI, Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and Exchange Rate differences 22,156,195 305,719,340 (92.8) %
Total 841,411,446 1,322,958,591 (36.4) %
168
Table of Contents
NIM by currency
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024
(in percentages)
Net Interest Margin Breakdown
Total NIM 17.4 % 34.6 %
Ps.NIM 19.2 % 36.0 %
U.S.$NIM 8.9 % 21.7 %
Loan Portfolio NIM 18.6 % 21.5 %
Ps.NIM 22.5 % 24.4 %
U.S.$NIM 2.2 % 3.3 %
Investment Portfolio NIM 19.2 % 39.5 %
Ps.NIM 14.9 % 38.8 %
U.S.$NIM 43.0 % 46.8 %
NIM includes the exchange rate differences and net gains or losses from currency derivatives.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income in 2025 totaled Ps.819.3 billion, a 19.5% decrease from the Ps.1,017.2 billion recorded in 2024, mainly due to a 19.2%, or Ps.419.0 billion, decrease in interest income. This decrease was partially offset by an 18.9%, or Ps.221.0 billion, decrease in interest expenses.
Interest Income
Interest income in 2025 totaled Ps.1,766.4 billion, a 19.2% decrease compared to Ps.2,185.4 billion recorded in 2024, mainly due to lower yields on the investment portfolio classified as amortized cost and available‑for‑sale. This decrease was partially offset by higher interest income resulting from loan portfolio growth during the period.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our interest income was comprised of the following:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
Year ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025/2024
Ps. Ps. %
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Interest on overdrafts 108,911,966 109,482,955 (0.5) %
Interest on promissory notes 145,066,738 122,386,763 18.5 %
Interest on personal loans 297,636,833 154,073,612 93.2 %
Interest on corporate unsecured loans 181,774,226 199,442,193 (8.9) %
Interest on credit cards loans 100,237,249 64,934,866 54.4 %
Interest on mortgage loans 118,950,801 191,952,162 (38.0) %
Interest on automobile and other secured loans 147,429,426 74,860,118 96.9 %
Interest on foreign trade loans 40,276,677 12,616,962 219.2 %
Interest on leases 48,669,939 36,070,280 34.9 %
Interest on government and corporate securities measured at amortized cost 539,333,668 647,667,529 (16.7) %
Other* 38,094,307 571,922,709 (93.3) %
Total 1,766,381,830 2,185,410,149 (19.2) %
* Includes results from securities issued by the Central Bank, results from other securities recorded as available for sale and results from repo transactions with the Central Bank.
169
Table of Contents
The following table sets forth our yields on interest-earning assets:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
Year ended December 31,
2025 2024
Average Average
Average Nominal Average Nominal
Balance Rate Balance Rate
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Interest-Earning Assets
Investment Portfolio
Government and Corporate Securities 1,635,388,952 35.8 % 1,319,392,434 68.9 %
Securities Issued by the Central Bank 12,785,558 8.0 % 6,235,066 99.6 %
Total Investment Portfolio 1,648,174,510 35.6 % 1,325,627,500 69.0 %
Loans
Loans to the Financial Sector 55,332,693 47.1 % 11,769,388 40.5 %
Overdrafts 207,709,155 52.4 % 191,962,908 57.0 %
Promissory Notes 321,943,237 45.1 % 242,400,094 50.5 %
Mortgage loans 363,050,668 32.8 % 223,750,157 85.8 %
Automobile and Other Secured Loans 278,589,049 52.9 % 131,251,133 57.0 %
Personal Loans 475,283,905 62.6 % 210,694,463 73.1 %
Corporate Unsecured Loans 449,052,241 40.5 % 338,308,069 59.0 %
Credit Card Loans 358,909,834 27.9 % 230,878,989 28.1 %
Receivables from Financial Leases 97,846,493 49.7 % 91,823,284 39.3 %
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans 2,607,717,275 45.0 % 1,672,838,485 57.3 %
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans 588,776,511 6.8 % 248,070,964 5.1 %
Total Loans 3,196,493,786 38.0 % 1,920,909,449 50.5 %
Repo transactions 1,288,985 38.8 % 575,154,804 98.6 %
Total Interest-Earning Assets 4,845,957,281 37.2 % 3,821,691,753 64.2 %
The average balance of loans totaled Ps.3,196.5 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025, representing an 66.4% increase from Ps.1,920.9 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Interest on public and corporate securities measured at amortized cost amounted to Ps.539.3 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to Ps.647.7 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. This line item mainly reflects results from investments in securities held to maturity or available for sale.
The average interest rate on total peso-denominated loans decreased to 45.0% in the year ended December 31, 2025 from 57.3% in the year ended December 31, 2024. Average BADLAR decreased 19.5% in the year ended December 31, 2025 to 35.4% compared to 54.9% in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Interest Expenses
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our interest expenses were comprised of the following:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
Year ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025/2024
Ps. Ps. %
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Interest on current accounts deposits 309,784,773 512,059,715 (39.5) %
Interest on time deposits 419,616,634 620,752,662 (32.4) %
Interest on other financial liabilities 142,428,823 16,118,852 783.6 %
Interest from financing sector 2,593,067 2,824,358 (8.2) %
Other 72,703,282 16,415,311 342.9 %
Total 947,126,579 1,168,170,898 (18.9) %
170
Table of Contents
Interest expenses in 2025 totaled Ps.947.1 billion, a 18.9% decrease from Ps.1,168.2 billion in 2024. This decrease was due to a 1,570 basis point decrease in funding costs, while total interest‑bearing liabilities increased by 60.0%.
The following table sets forth our yields on Interest-bearing liabilities and low and non-interest bearing deposits as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024
Average Average
Average Nominal Average Nominal
Balance Rate Balance Rate
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Special Checking Accounts 1,907,507,711 16.2 % 1,382,380,437 37.0 %
Ps. Savings Accounts 1,248,435,607 24.1 % 1,066,682,647 47.7 %
Fx Savings Accounts 659,072,104 1.3 % 315,697,790 1.0 %
Time Deposits 1,562,315,674 26.9 % 1,130,442,813 54.9 %
Ps. Time Deposits 1,141,322,973 35.7 % 1,033,238,164 59.9 %
Fx Time Deposits 420,992,701 3.0 % 97,204,649 1.5 %
Borrowings from Other Financial Instruments and Unsubordinated Negotiable Obligations 636,122,989 22.8 % 53,890,633 35.2 %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities 4,105,946,374 21.3 % 2,566,713,883 44.9 %
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits
Savings Accounts 754,128,869 1.6 % 547,865,270 1.0 %
Ps. Savings Accounts 352,135,408 2.8 % 297,236,833 1.8 %
Fx Savings Accounts 401,993,461 0.5 % 250,628,437 0.0 %
Checking Accounts 491,799,441 406,981,291
Ps. Checking Accounts 476,461,911 — % 385,604,635 — %
Fx Checking Accounts 15,337,530 — % 21,376,656 — %
Total Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits 1,245,928,310 — % 954,846,561 — %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities and Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits 5,351,874,684 17.2 % 3,521,560,444 32.9 %
Average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities in the year ended December 31, 2025 totaled Ps.4,105.9 billion, compared to Ps.2,566.7 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. The Ps.1,539.2 billion increase was explained by (i) a Ps. 582.2 billion increase in borrowings from other financial institutions and unsubordinated negotiable obligations, (ii) a 38.0%, or Ps. 525.1 billion, increase in special checking accounts, and (iii) a 38.2%, or Ps. 431.9 billion, increase in time deposits.
Average balance of our low or non-interest-bearing deposits in the year ended December 31, 2025 totaled Ps.1,245.9 billion, compared to Ps.954.8 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase was mainly due to (i) a 37.6%, or Ps. 206.3 billion, increase in savings accounts to Ps. 754.1 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to Ps. 547.9 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024, and (ii) a 20.8%, or Ps. 84.8 billion, increase in checking accounts to Ps. 491.8 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to Ps. 407.0 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024.
171
Table of Contents
The following table sets forth our interest bearing deposits by denomination as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024
Average Balance Interest Paid Average Nominal Rate Average Balance Interest Paid Average Nominal Rate
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Savings accounts
Pesos 352,135,408 9,979,086 2.8 % 297,236,833 5,435,950 1.8 %
Dollars 401,993,461 2,074,662 0.5 % 250,628,437 67,454 0.0 %
Total 754,128,869 12,053,748 1.6 % 547,865,270 5,503,404 1.0 %
Special checking accounts
Pesos 1,248,435,607 301,026,035 24.1 % 1,066,682,647 508,808,753 47.7 %
Dollars 659,072,104 8,758,738 1.3 % 315,697,790 3,250,962 1.0 %
Total 1,907,507,711 309,784,773 16.2 % 1,382,380,437 512,059,715 37.0 %
Time deposits
Pesos 1,141,322,973 406,961,642 35.7 % 1,033,238,164 619,262,312 59.9 %
Dollars 420,992,701 12,654,992 3.0 % 97,204,649 1,490,350 1.5 %
Total 1,562,315,674 419,616,634 26.9 % 1,130,442,813 620,752,662 54.9 %
Total by currency
Pesos 2,741,893,988 717,966,763 26.2 % 2,397,157,644 1,133,507,015 47.3 %
Dollars 1,482,058,266 23,488,392 1.6 % 663,530,876 4,808,766 0.7 %
Total Deposits 4,223,952,254 741,455,155 17.6 % 3,060,688,520 1,138,315,781 37.2 %
Net Income from financial instruments and Result from recognition of assets measured at amortized cost and Exchange rate differences
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and exchange rate differences in 2025 totaled Ps.22.2 billion, decreasing by Ps.283.6 billion compared to Ps.305.7 billion in 2024. This decrease was driven by the lower yield on securities held for trading purposes, and a net loss in exchange rate differences which was mainly due to the impact of foreign exchange depreciation on liabilities. Foreign exchange depreciation on U.S. dollar assets was not recorded in this same line item pursuant to IFRS.
The following table sets forth our Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024
Ps. Ps.
(in thousands of Pesos)
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
Income from corporate and government securities 80,670,250 175,906,617
Income from securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank 1,026,554 —
Derivatives (5,913,490) 9,661,717
Total 75,783,314 185,568,334
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost 5,063,724 107,953,651
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency (58,690,843) 12,197,355
Total 22,156,195 305,719,340
172
Table of Contents
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024
Ps. Ps.
(in thousands of Pesos)
Financial income from U.S. dollar operations 106,096,786 53,485,448
NIFFI 11,077,391 32,304,448
U.S. dollar Government Securities 16,990,881 22,642,732
Term Operations (5,913,490) 9,661,716
Interest Income 95,019,395 21,181,000
U.S. dollar Government Securities 95,019,395 21,181,000
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency (58,690,843) 12,197,355
Total Income from U.S. dollar operations 47,405,943 65,682,803
Total income from U.S. dollar operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 totaled Ps.47.4 billion, compared to Ps.65.7 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase was mainly driven by higher results from U.S.-dollar denominated government and corporate securities and forward transactions, together with increased foreign exchange activity with customers following the liberalization of the foreign exchange market. This increase was partially offset by lower results from exchange rate differences on liabilities due to currency depreciation.
Result from Exposure to Changes in the Purchasing Power of Money
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency in 2025 totaled Ps.142.7 billion compared to a loss of Ps.402.4 billion in 2024. This decrease is explained by the slowdown in inflation, which was 31.5% in 2025 compared to 117.8% in 2024, while net monetary assets decreased compared to 2024. Grupo Supervielle’s capital is hedged against inflation through different inflation linked instruments, including mortgage loans and sovereign bonds.
Loan Loss Provisions
Loan loss provisions totaled Ps.267.4 billion in 2025, an increase of 241.6%, or Ps.189.2 billion, compared to Ps.78.3 billion in 2024. This increase reflects significant growth in retail and commercial lending during 2024, a less supportive macroeconomic backdrop for most of 2025 has meaningfully impacted asset quality across all customer segments, thereby increasing the cost of risk. Loan loss provisions in 2025 also include Ps. 17.3 billion related to macroeconomic assumptions within the ECL framework. In 2025 and 2024, the level of provisioning reflects Grupo Supervielle’s IFRS9 expected loss models and the nominal growth of the loan portfolio.Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date. The increase in delinquency also requires expected losses to be measured for the whole life of each loan, instead of accounting for expected losses during a 12-month period. This increases significantly the probability of default for loans with a maturity of more than 1 year. For further information, see “Item 4.E. Selected Statistical Information—Amounts Past Due Loans and Other Financing.”
As of December 31, 2025, the coverage ratio was 118.1% compared to 196.5% as of December 31, 2024, reflecting the increase in non-performing loans while the level of provisioning reflects Grupo Supervielle’s IFRS 9 expected loss models and the nominal growth of the loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2025, non-performing loan ratio increased to 5.0% from 1.3% as of December 31, 2024. This increase is in line with higher delinquency levels in the retail portfolio and early signs of stress in commercial loans. Elevated real interest rates in the second half of the year, combined with slower economic activity, softening in employment levels, and pressure on household disposable income, affected borrowers’ repayment dynamics across segments and across the financial system. In response, the Bank has moderated retail origination since the second quarter of 2025 and continues to strengthen its credit models and underwriting standards to safeguard portfolio quality and optimize risk-adjusted returns.
See changes in loan loss provisions in Note 25 to our audited financial statements. Loans and Other Financing of our audited consolidated financial statements.
173
Table of Contents
Net Services Fee Income
Our net services fee income was comprised of:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
Year ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025/2024
Ps. Ps. %
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Commissions from deposits accounts 96,736,753 83,922,297 15.3 %
Commissions from credit and debit cards 54,206,298 55,654,295 (2.6) %
Commissions from loans operations 837,966 589,796 42.1 %
Other Commissions 115,747,490 117,279,383 (1.3) %
Total Services fee income 267,528,507 257,445,771 3.9 %
Exports and foreign currency operations (1,688,961) (1,975,535) (14.5) %
Commissions paid (57,313,214) (54,038,563) 6.1 %
Total Services fee expenses (59,002,175) (56,014,098) 5.3 %
Income from insurance activities 36,484,311 32,880,268 11.0 %
Net Service Fee Income 245,010,643 234,311,941 4.6 %
Net service fee income, excluding income from insurance activities, increased by 4.6%, or Ps.10.7 billion, in 2025, reaching Ps.245.0 billion, compared to Ps.234.3 billion in 2024. This increase was mainly due to (i) an increase of 5.2%, or Ps.8.9 billion, in banking service fees that exceeded the inflation rate during 2025, resulting in an increase of 15.3%, or Ps.12.8 billion, in account fees, (ii) an increase of 11.2%, or Ps.3.4 billion, in asset management fees, which represented 12.5% of total service fees in 2025, compared to 11.7% in 2024; and (iii) an increase of 3.8%, or Ps.2.0 billion, in broker fees, reaching Ps.55.1 billion in 2025 compared to Ps.53.1 billion in 2024.
This increase was partially offset by an increase of 5.3%, or Ps.3.0 billion, in service fee expenses, mainly due to higher payments to credit card processors.
Income from insurance activities
Income from insurance activities amounted to Ps. 36.5 billion in 2025, reflecting a 11.0% increase from the Ps.32.9 billion recorded in 2024.
174
Table of Contents
Personnel and Administration Expenses
The following table sets forth the components of our administrative expenses:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
Year ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025/2024
Ps. Ps. %
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Payroll and social securities 302,965,011 361,971,540 (16.3) %
Other expenses 24,287,731 23,893,800 1.6 %
Total Personnel expenses 327,252,742 385,865,340 (15.2) %
Directors’ and statutory auditors’ fees 6,482,231 6,628,803 (2.2) %
Professional fees 54,527,948 62,248,074 (12.4) %
Advertising and publicity 23,617,637 22,238,624 6.2 %
Taxes 51,544,990 52,847,464 (2.5) %
Maintenance, security and services 53,549,912 60,066,187 (10.8) %
Rent 154,270 148,087 4.2 %
Others 31,930,467 25,147,924 27.0 %
Total Administration Expenses 221,807,455 229,325,163 (3.3) %
Total Personnel and Administration Expenses 549,060,197 615,190,503 (10.7) %
In the year ended December 31, 2025, personnel expenses amounted to Ps.327.3 billion, a decrease of 15.2%, or Ps.58.6 billion, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. This decrease was mainly due to efficiency measures implemented throughout Grupo Supervielle, including structural cost-control initiatives.
The employee base as of December 31, 2025 reached 3,348 people, decreasing 3.1%, or 108 employees, compared to December 31, 2024. The Bank’s headcount was reduced by 107 employees or 3.5% compared to December 31, 2024. IOL invertironline increased its staff by 34 employees compared to December 31, 2024. Insurance reduced its staff by 29 employees compared to December 31, 2024.
Administrative expenses totaled Ps.221.8 billion in 2025, a decrease of 3.3% from Ps.229.32 billion in 2024. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease of 12.4%, or Ps.7.7 billion, in professional fees, a decrease of 10.8%, or Ps.6.5 billion, in maintenance, security, and services expenses, and a decrease of 2.5%, or Ps.1.3 billion, in taxes, partially offset by an increase of 27.0%, or Ps.6.8 billion, in other expenses, mainly related to insurance and other maintenance costs.
In 2025, the efficiency ratio was 65.6%. compared to 50.6% in 2024, reflecting a 29.9% decrease, or Ps.404.4 billion, in revenues, partially offset by a 9.0% decrease, or Ps.61.9 billion, in total expenses.
Other Income/(Expenses), Net
We had other expenses, net of Ps.137.8 billion in 2025, compared to Ps.204.3 billion in 2024. This line item includes turnover tax of Ps.122.2 billion in 2025, compared to Ps.108.4 billion in 2024. Excluding turnover tax, other expenses, net amounted to Ps.15.6 billion in 2025 compared to Ps.95.9 billion in 2024. This decrease mainly reflects higher provisions recorded in 2024 due to the tax contingency resulting from the imposition by the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires of a Turnover Tax on revenues from Central Bank securities and instruments explained below.
In January 2020, January 2023, and January 2024, the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires, the Province of Mendoza, and the Province of Buenos Aires, respectively, began imposing the Turnover Tax on income derived from securities and instruments issued by the Central Bank, including Leliqs/Notaliqs and Repo transactions. The Central Bank initiated declaratory actions of certainty before the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires and Mendoza, challenging the constitutionality of these measures, and is currently working on initiating similar legal action in the Province of Buenos Aires. The Central Bank argued that these taxes directly and severely affect the purposes and functions assigned to the Central Bank, significantly altering the execution of national monetary and financial policy. This is in clear contradiction to the provisions of the National Constitution and the Central Bank’s Organic Charter, which grant
175
Table of Contents
the Central Bank the authority, among other matters, to issue instruments aimed at regulating monetary policy and achieving financial and exchange rate stability.
Through the enacted laws, provincial governments have exceeded their powers by taxing these monetary policy instruments, whose regulation, implementation and/or use fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Central Bank. This directly affects the principle of immunity of the Argentine Government’s policy, as these revenues are not subject to local taxation due to their immunity or non-taxable status. Both municipalities and provinces lack taxing authority over financial instruments issued by the Argentine Government.
In line with the actions taken by the Central Bank, the Argentine Banking Association, the Association of Banks of Argentina (ADEBA), and most financial institutions operating in these provinces have also filed constitutional challenges against these regulations, which remain pending resolution before the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina.
Regarding the dispute in the Province of Mendoza, following the publication of General Resolution (ATM Mendoza) No. 70/2024 and pursuant to the provisions of Article 17 thereof, the Bank requested acceptance of the assessed amounts, a reduction of penalties to the legal minimum, and proceeded with payment of the claimed amounts totaling Ps. 7,759,868. This settlement was formally accepted by the tax authority through Administrative Resolutions No. 198 and 533 of 2024. On August 11, 2025, the Bank received notification from the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina regarding the termination of the proceedings as a result of the Bank’s withdrawal of the case, thereby closing the matter.
Subsequently, on September 11, 2025, Law No. 6842/2025 of the City of Buenos Aires was enacted, establishing a tax regularization regime granting a waiver of fines and a 70% reduction of interest. Within this framework, on December 31, 2025, the Bank adhered to the regime and paid the outstanding amounts on January 12, 2026.
Based on the foregoing, the Bank considers that the arguments supporting the non-taxability of these instruments are solid and supported by expert opinions from both internal and external specialists. Accordingly, the Bank estimates that the probability of a favorable ruling is high. As a result, the Bank has ceased paying the tax on income generated from Repo transactions in the Province of Buenos Aires since January 2024.
As of December 31, 2025, the Bank has recorded a contingency provision totaling Ps. 4,892 million.
Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax
Other comprehensive income, net of tax totaled a net loss of Ps.2.0 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to a net loss of Ps.16.2 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. Other Comprehensive Income in the year ended december 31, 2025 reflects the mark-to-market valuation of government securities held at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Income Tax
The tax reform passed by the Argentine Congress in December 2017 and the amendment to Income Tax Law No. 20,628 (the “Income Tax Law”) passed in December 2019, allowed the deduction of losses arising from exposures to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, only if inflation as measured by the CPI issued by the INDEC would exceed the following thresholds applicable for each fiscal year: 55% in 2018, 30% in 2019 and 15% in 2020. For 2021 and subsequent periods, inflation should exceed 100% in 3 years on a cumulative basis to deduct inflation losses. In 2018, the 55% threshold was not met, but in 2019 inflation widely exceeded 30%. Therefore, since 2019 the income tax provision considers the losses arising from exposures to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, which significantly lowered the income tax expense compared to previous years.
The income tax rate applicable to Argentine entities for the 2025 fiscal period follows a three-tier structure based on the accumulated taxable net income, which thresholds adjusts annually according to the CPI. The updated tax rate structure is as follows: (i) net taxable income accumulated up to Ps.101.6 million will be subject to a rate of 25%; (ii) net taxable income accumulated over Ps.101.6 million up to Ps.1,016 million will incur a payment of Ps. 25.4 million plus 30% on the excess over Ps.101.6 million; and (iii) net taxable income accumulated over Ps.1,016 million will be subject to a payment of Ps.299.9 million plus 35% on the excess over Ps.1,016 million.
176
Table of Contents
In 2025, we recorded an income tax gain of Ps.46.3 billion compared to an income tax loss of Ps.50.4 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. The taxable income of each company is calculated on a stand-alone basis excluding the impact of the equity method results on their respective subsidiaries. In addition, permanent differences between inflation adjustment for tax purposes and according to IAS 29 may arise, which may increase or decrease the effective tax rate.
Results by Segments
Our results by segments for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are shown in Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Results by Segments for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Personal and Business Banking
Attributable income in the year ended December 31, 2025 recorded a Ps.186.7 billion loss compared to a Ps.146.9 billion loss in the year ended December 31, 2024. The main factors explaining this decrease were (i) a Ps.183.2 billion or 277.9% increase in loan loss provisions, reflecting significant growth in retail lending during 2024, partially offset by an increase in cost of risk as a result of a less supportive macroeconomic backdrop for most of 2025 whch impacted asset quality across all customer segments, and (ii) a Ps.15.5 billion or 20.5% increase in other net operating losses. These effects were partially offset by: (i) a 21.5% or Ps.72.8 billion increase in net financial income, driven by higher average loan volumes; (ii) a Ps.57.2 billion or 11.0% decrease in personnel expenses, administrative expenses, and depreciation and amortization expenses; (iii) a Ps.2.4 billion or 2.4% increase in net service fee income; and (iv) a Ps.2.0 billion decrease in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the peso. In addition, an income tax gain of Ps.103.5 billion, compared to Ps.79.1 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024, also contributed to partially offset the deterioration in results.
Corporate Banking
Attributable income in the year ended December 31, 2025 recorded a Ps.6.9 billion gain compared to a Ps.10.1 billion gain in the year ended December 31, 2024, mainly due to: (i) a Ps.8.3 billion or 271.2% increase in loan loss provisions, reflecting significant growth in commercial lending during 2024, while a less supportive macroeconomic backdrop for most of 2025 meaningfully impacted asset quality across all customer segments, thereby increasing the cost of risk, and (ii) a Ps.5.1 billion or 25.9% increase in other net operating losses. These effects were partially offset by: (i) a 10.1% or Ps.8.1 billion decrease in personnel expenses, administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses; (ii) a 2.7% or Ps.2.6 billion increase in net financial income; and (iii) a 6.6% or Ps.1.2 billion increase in net service fee income. In addition, an income tax loss of Ps.3.0 billion, compared to an income tax loss of Ps.1.2 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024, negatively impacted the segment’s results.
Treasury
Attributable income in the year ended December 31, 2025 recorded a Ps.77.1 billion gain, compared to a Ps.241.0 billion gain in the year ended December 31, 2024. This decrease was mainly explained by: (i) a 65.3% or Ps.543.8 billion decrease in net financial income, mainly driven by a volatile macro-financial environment, volatile interest rates, increased reserve requirements and tighter liquidity conditions; and (ii) an 8.8% or Ps.3.3 billion increase in personnel expenses, administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses. This decrease was partially offset by: (i) a Ps.219.7 billion or 66.5% decrease in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the peso; (ii) an improvement in other expenses net, which amounted to Ps.31.4 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to a net loss of Ps.108.2 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024; and (iii) an income tax loss of Ps.26.1 billion, compared to an income tax loss of Ps.107.2 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Insurance
Attributable income totaled Ps.18.0 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to Ps.8.6 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase was mainly due to (i) a 64.8% or Ps.15.7 billion decrease in the net loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the peso, (ii) a 9.7% or Ps.2.7 billion increase in net service fee, and (iii) a 29.2% or Ps.1.9 billion decrease in personnel and administrative expenses. This increase was partially offset by (i) a 49.3% or Ps.8.2 billion decrease in net financial margin, and (ii) an income tax loss of Ps.8.1 billion compared to an income tax loss of Ps.5.1 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024.
177
Table of Contents
Asset Management and Other Services
Attributable income recorded a Ps.65.4 billion gain in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to a Ps.57.3 billion gain in the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase was mainly driven by: (i) a Ps.11.6 billion or 36.5% decrease in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the peso; (ii) a Ps.6.7 billion increase in other income, which amounted to Ps.9.9 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to Ps.3.2 billion in the same period of 2024; and (iii) a Ps.1.0 billion or 1.2% increase in net service fee income, which rose to Ps.88.6 billion from Ps.87.6 billion, mainly reflecting higher revenues from IOL invertironline and the asset management business.
This increase was partially offset by: (i) a 21.2% or Ps.8.3 billion increase in personnel and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses, which rose to Ps.47.3 billion from Ps.39.0 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024; (ii) a Ps.0.1 billion increase in loan loss provisions; and (iii) an income tax loss of Ps.19.6 billion, compared to an income tax loss of Ps.15.5 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Adjustments
Results incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level, and transactions between segments, are not allocated to any particular segment for internal reporting purposes and are disclosed under “Adjustments” to reconcile the total of each line item with the amounts appearing in our statement of income.
Inter-segment transactions offset each other and do not impact total direct earnings on a consolidated basis. Other results not allocated to segments totaled a loss of Ps.18.2 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to a Ps.32.7 billion loss in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Results by Segments for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
During 2025, we implemented changes to our internal capital allocation methodology, effective as of January 1, 2025. As a result of these changes, the concepts that were previously allocated among our different segments according to their capital usage percentage, such as capital results and inflation adjustment, are now fully allocated to our Treasury segment. See Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
These changes had an impact on the results of our Personal and Business Banking, Corporate Banking, and Treasury segments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Personal and Business Banking
Attributable income in 2024 recorded a Ps. 146.9 billion loss, compared to a Ps. 175.9 billion loss in 2023. The main factors explaining this decrease were: (i) a Ps. 87.9 billion or 14.4 % decrease in personnel expenses, administrative expenses and depreciation and amortizations; (ii) a Ps. 11.8 billion or 13.5% decrease in Other net operating losses; and (iii) a Ps. 9.4 billion or 12.5% decrease in Loan Loss Provisions. Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date. Delinquency requires expected losses to be measured for the whole life of each loan, instead of accounting for expected losses during a 12 month period. This increases significantly the probability of default for loans with a maturity of more than one year. The performance reflects the update to the macroeconomic variables in the expected credit loss model, which incorporated expectations of a more favorable macroeconomic outlook in 2024 compared to 2023.
These were partially offset by: (i) a Ps. 66.7 billion decrease in net financial income driven by decreasing market interest rates impacting interest earned on loans while average volumes increased in 2024 compared to 2023. This was partially offset by lower cost of funding; and (ii) a Ps. 10.7 billion or 9.6 % decrease in net service fee income as fees repricing did not anticipate the increase of 117.8% in inflation in Argentina in 2024.
In 2024, the Personal & Business Banking segment loans (including receivables from financial leases) reached Ps. 1667.1 billion as of December 31, 2024, increasing 124.4 % from 2023. The Personal & Business loan portfolio reflects robust growth in retail
178
Table of Contents
loans, with strong demand in car loans where the Company holds the #2 market position in car loan origination, as well as in mortgage loans, personal loans and credit cards.
In 2024, the Personal & Business Banking segment’s deposits amounted to Ps. 1846,5 billion, an 11.1 % increase from the Ps. 1661.9 billion in 2023.
Corporate Banking
Attributable income in 2024 recorded a Ps. 10.1 billion gain, compared to a Ps. 26.7 billion gain in 2023, mainly due to: (i) a 38.3 % or Ps. 59.9 billion decrease in Net Financial Income driven by decreasing market interest rates impacting interest earned on loans while average volumes increased in 2024 compared to 2023. This was partially offset by lower cost of funding.
These were partially offset by: (i) Other expenses, net loss of Ps. 19.5 billion compared to a net loss of Ps. 34.0 million in 2023; (ii) an income tax charge of Ps. 1.2 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 14.7 million in 2023;
(iii) a Ps. 11.8 billion or 79.4 % decline in Loan Loss Provisions. The performance reflects the update to the macroeconomic variables in the expected credit loss model, which incorporated expectations of a more favorable macroeconomic outlook in 2024 compared to 2023. Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date; and (iv) a 4.2 % or Ps. 3.6 billion decrease in Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciations and Amortizations mainly due lower personnel expenses following the cost efficiency initiatives implemented in 2024.
In 2024, the corporate banking segment’s loan and financing portfolio totaled Ps. 1048.8 billion compared to Ps. 563.3 billion in 2023 reflecting higher credit demand following the decline in the inflation rate and lower market interest rates. In 2024 corporate deposits amounted to Ps. 919.8 billion, compared to Ps. 616.4 billion in 2023.
Treasury
Attributable income in 2024 recorded a Ps. 241.0 billion gain, compared to a Ps. 263.2 billion gain in 2023.
This performance is explained by: (i) a Ps. 121.8 billion or 58.3% increase in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power; and (ii) Other expenses net loss of Ps. 108.3 billion compared to a net loss of Ps. 76.1 million in 2023.
This was partially offset by: (i) a 11.8 % or Ps. 88.2 billion increase in Net Financial Income due to the result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and lower cost of fund reflecting the decline on market interest rates and lower interest bearing liabilities volumes; (ii) a Ps. 6.6 billion or 15.2 % decrease in Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciations and Amortizations mainly due to the strategy to capture operating efficiencies at the Bank; and (iii) an income tax charge of Ps.107.2 billion compared to Ps. 146.9 billion in 2023.
Consumer Finance
As of December 31, 2022, IUDÚ Compañia Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A. were in the process of merging into the Bank. The merger agreement, dated June 8, 2023, was approved by the Central Bank on December 1, 2023 through Resolution No. 478 and by the CNV on December 13, 2023 through Resolution N°RESFC-2023-22557-APN-DIR#CNV.
Insurance
Attributable income totaled Ps. 8.6 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 10.4 billion in 2023. This was due to (i) a 48.5% or Ps. 15.6 billion decrease in Net Financial Income, and (ii) a 25.5% or Ps. 9.6 billion decrease in Net Service Fee income. In 2024, gross written premiums increased 4.8 % from 2023.
These were partially offset by: (i) a 68.9% or Ps.14.1 billion decrease in personnel and administrative expenses and Depreciation and Amortization to Ps. 6.4 billion from Ps. 20.5 billion in 2023, (ii) a Ps. 9.2 billion decrease in the net loss from exposure
179
Table of Contents
to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, and (iii) a decrease in income tax charge of Ps. 5.2 billion from Ps. 5.7 billion in 2023.
Asset Management and Other Services
Attributable Income recorded a Ps57.3 billion gain in 2024 compared to Ps.30.3 billion gain in 2023. The increase in 2024 was mainly driven by: a Ps.14.6 billion increase in net service fee income to Ps.87.6 billion in 2024 from Ps.73.0 billion in 2023 due to higher revenues from IOL invertironline and from the asset management business. In 2024, brokerage fees represented 20.6 % of total fee income compared to15.4 % in 2023, demonstrating IOL invertironline’s ability to acquire and retain customers.
This was partially offset by a Ps. 73.0 billion decrease in Net Financial Income to Ps. 28.3 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 35.5 billion in 2023, mainly due to lower yields on government securities; and a 38.0 % or Ps. 8.7 billion increase in the loss from exposure to the purchasing power of the currency.
Adjustments
Results incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level, and transactions between segments, are not allocated to any particular segment for internal reporting purposes and are disclosed under “Adjustments” to reconcile the total of each line item with the amounts appearing in our statement of income.
Inter-segment transactions offset each other and do not impact total direct earnings on a consolidated basis. Other results not allocated to segments totaled an attributable loss of Ps. 32.6 billion loss in 2024 compared to a Ps. 6.9 billion loss in 2023.
Consolidated Assets
The structure and main components of our consolidated assets as of the dates indicated were as follows:
As of December 31,
2025 2024
Amount % Amount %
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Cash and due from banks 1,599,186,464 20.6 % 858,981,662 14.5 %
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss 249,506,501 3.2 % 346,410,248 5.8 %
Loans and financing portfolio 3,765,478,226 48.5 % 2,854,710,927 48.2 %
Other debt securities 804,907,828 10.4 % 1,069,354,274 18.1 %
Other assets(1) 1,350,485,876 17.4 % 793,756,317 13.4 %
Total 7,769,564,895 100.0 % 5,923,213,428 100.0 %
(1) Includes mainly other receivables from financial transactions, equity investments, miscellaneous receivables, bank premises and equipment, miscellaneous assets, and intangible assets.
Of our Ps.7,770 billion total assets as of December 31, 2025, Ps.7,369 billion, equivalent to 94.8% of the total assets, corresponded to the Bank. As of December 31, 2025, our total direct exposure to the public sector amounted to Ps.941.0 billion which is primarily composed of our holdings of government securities.
Item 5.BLiquidity and Capital Resources
Asset and Liability Management
The purpose of the asset and liability management is to structure our consolidated statement of financial position in light of interest rates, liquidity and foreign exchange risks, as well as market risk, public sector risk and our capital structure. Our Asset and Liability Committee (“ALCO”) establishes specific limits with respect to risk exposure, sets forth our policy with respect to pricing and approves commercial policies which may have a financial impact on our balance sheet. It is also responsible for the follow-up of
180
Table of Contents
monetary aggregates and financial variables, our liquidity position, regulations from the Central Bank and monitoring the competitive environment in assets, liabilities and interest rates.
Our main source of liquidity is the Bank’s deposit base. The Bank also receives deposits and interbank calls and issue short-term debt securities in the Argentine capital markets for financing. Additionally, long-term financing and capital contributions enable us to cover most of our liquidity requirements.
On July 20, 2022, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under a repurchase program of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations (the “First Program”): (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.2,000,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.138.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.20 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 250 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means. On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to increase the payable price related to the acquisitions under the First Program to Ps.155.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.70 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange. On December 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to further increase the payable price related to the acquisition of Grupo Supervielle’s Class B shares under the First Program to Ps.200.00 per Class B share. The First Program expired in March 2023 and it was not renewed. Under the First Program we acquired 11,093,572 Class B Shares and 591,384 ADSs, reaching an execution of 86.3% of the First Program and repurchasing 3.076% of the outstanding capital stock. Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to sell or dispose in the future the treasury shares that the Group repurchased under the First Program in compliance with applicable regulations.
On April 19, 2024, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under a repurchase program of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations (the “Second Program” and, together with the First Program, the “Programs”): (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.4 billion; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.1,600 per Class B share and U.S.$8.00 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 120 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.
On May 7, 2024, our Board of Directors increased the maximum price to be paid per share under the Second Program to US$10 per ADR in the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of Ps.2,400 per Class B share in ByMA. On June 4, 2024, our Board of Directors modified the terms of the Second Program as follows: (i) the maximum amount of the investment under the Second Program was increased to up to Ps.8 billion or the lesser amount until reaching 10% of the share capital of Grupo Supervielle, including treasury shares, and (ii) the amount of acquisitions may not exceed 25% of the average daily transaction volume of Grupo Supervielle’s shares during the previous 90 business days in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 26,831. For the purpose of calculating the limit established by current regulations, we will take into account the average daily transaction volume of the shares in the period indicated in ByMA and the NYSE. On July 8, 2024, Supervielle announced the completion of the Second Program. Under the Second Program Supervielle acquired a total of 4,940,665 Class B shares, equivalent to 1.08177% of the share capital.
On January 22, 2025, our Board of Directors approved the sale of up to 4,567,223 Class B shares held in treasury, in accordance with Section 67 of Law No. 26,831 and the regulations of the CNV. The proceeds from the sale of the Class B shares are expected to be used to make capital contributions to Supervielle Agente de Negociación. As of the date of this annual report, we did not sell any Class B shares in connection with this approval.
Pursuant to Section 67 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law, Class B shares held in treasury are automatically cancelled after a three-year statutory period following their acquisition has elapsed without such treasury shares being disposed of, as required under applicable regulations. Between August 3, 2025, and February 10, 2026, a total of 14,050,492 Class B ordinary shares, each carrying one vote per share, were automatically canceled under Article 67 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law. As a result, the Company’s share capital was automatically reduced by an amount equal to the par value of the canceled shares.
As of the date of this annual report, the Company’s share capital amounts to a total of 442,671,830 shares, comprised of 61,738,188 Class A shares and 380,933,642 Class B shares. As of the date of this annual report, taking into consideration the canceled
181
Table of Contents
shares, Grupo Supervielle’s treasury holds a total of 4,940,665 Class B shares, representing 1.116101% of the Company’s share capital. For more information, see “Item 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.”
As of December 31, 2025, the LCR Consolidated was 119.0% compared to 107.1% as of December 31, 2024.
Consolidated Cash Flows
The table below summarizes the information from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, which is also discussed in more detail below:
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in thousands of Pesos)
Net (loss) /income for the year (37,670,223) 137,559,611 147,981,726
Adjustments to obtain flows from operating activities:
Income tax (46,346,613) 50,380,411 99,503,554
Depreciation and Impairment of Property, plant and equipment 73,412,284 69,173,761 91,472,033
Loan loss provisions 267,444,919 78,288,899 96,367,148
Other adjustments
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency 58,690,843 (12,197,355) (16,617,592)
Interest from loans and other financings (1,766,381,830) (2,185,410,149) (3,316,401,526)
Interest from deposits and financing received 947,126,579 1,168,170,898 2,364,754,548
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (75,783,314) (185,568,334) (395,554,356)
Fair value measurement of investment properties 668,493 13,403,341 20,087,747
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money 142,717,560 402,396,322 312,028,120
Interest on liabilities for financial leases 3,599,457 2,526,891 96,511
Allowances reversed (8,428,118) (6,061,546) (15,763,074)
Fair value measurement of investment properties (5,063,724) (107,953,651) (48,289,750)
Acquisition of treasury shares 7,796,110 — —
(Increases) / decreases from operating assets:
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss 162,183,121 145,439,605 539,889,794
Derivatives (3,822,810) 4,783,800 (8,235,054)
Repo transactions (3,657,016) 2,164,841,966 (1,972,319,351)
Loans and other financing
To the non-financial public sector (4,484,004) 1,678,725 (3,452,852)
To the other financial entities (305,257,539) (15,320,269) (5,727,649)
To the non-financial sector and foreign residents 906,339,273 654,180,070 3,949,739,054
Other debt securities 264,446,446 (349,809,051) 1,686,693,748
Financial assets in guarantee (450,489,734) (97,803,242) (3,798,751)
Other assets (50,042,557) 92,717,375 (268,204,001)
Increases / (decreases) from operating liabilities:
Deposits
Non-financial public sector (59,077,835) (98,248,897) 40,226,149
Financial sector 500,284 (1,121,390) 460,286
Private non-financial sector and foreign residents 59,744,786 (1,329,442,807) (2,852,560,482)
Derivatives (2,281,117) 2,281,117 —
Repo operations 348,734,043 41,983,644 2,693,725
Liabilities at fair value with changes in results 693,909 (1,741,432) (17,341,569)
Other liabilities 85,852,555 62,354,151 43,590,316
Income Tax paid (32,767,692) (18,927,729) (18,846,565)
182
Table of Contents
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in thousands of Pesos)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES (A) 478,396,536 682,554,735 452,471,887
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net payments related to:
Purchase of PPE, intangible assets and other assets (72,807,314) (75,493,630) (70,903,805)
Purchase of liabilities and equity instruments issued by other entities (4,770,986) 113,463 3,434,791
Collections:
Disposals related to PPE, intangible assets and other assets 10,999,773 14,548,595 13,357,484
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (B) (66,578,527) (60,831,572) (54,111,530)
CASH FLOW OF FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payments:
Operating Leases (15,222,513) (11,698,919) (14,335,184)
Unsubordinated negotiable obligations (355,803,167) (351,367,114) (436,370,667)
Financing received from Argentine Financial Institutions (8,897,679,921) (3,081,005) (5,107,170)
Dividends (32,881,325) (36,784,395) —
Acquisition of treasury shares — (13,045,502) (2,460,175)
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in thousands of Pesos)
Collections:
Unsubordinated negotiable obligations 459,315,760 68,527,449 98,980
Financing received from Argentine Financial Institutions 9,326,777,805 395,351,414 394,753,367
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES (C) 484,506,639 47,901,928 (63,420,849)
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES AND EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF MONEY ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (D) 254,256,179 348,842,491 621,512,821
RESULT FROM EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE CURRENCY OF CASH AND EQUIVALENTS (E) (415,723,552) (739,041,457) (717,802,267)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (A+B+C+D+E) 734,857,275 279,426,125 238,650,062
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 1,003,372,458 723,946,333 485,296,271
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR 1,738,229,733 1,003,372,458 723,946,333
Management believes that cash flows from operations and available cash and cash equivalent balances will be sufficient to fund our financial commitments and capital expenditures in 2026.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
In the year ended December 31, 2025, operating activities provided Ps.470.6 billion of net cash, compared to Ps.682.6 billion of net cash provided in the year ended December 31, 2024. Net increase in private non-financial sector and foreign residents deposits amounted to Ps.59.7 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to a net decrease of Ps.1,329.4 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. Net operating activities provided Ps.154.7 billion from debt securities, derivatives and repo transactions in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to Ps.2,315.1 billion provided in the year ended December 31, 2024. Net operating activities used Ps.906.3 billion from loans to the non-financial sector and foreign residents in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to Ps.654.2 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024.
183
Table of Contents
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
In the year ended December 31, 2025, we used Ps.66.6 billion of net cash in our investing activities, compared to Ps.60.8 billion of net cash used in the year ended December 31, 2024. In the year ended December 31, 2025, funds used mainly in property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and other assets were Ps.72.8 billion, compared to Ps.75.5 billion used in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
In the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to Ps.492.3 billion, compared to Ps.47.9 billion provided in the year ended December 31, 2024. Net funds collected from unsubordinated negotiable obligations amounted to Ps.459.3 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to Ps.68.5 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. Net collections from Argentine financial institutions amounted to Ps.9,326.8 billion in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to Ps.395.4 billion in the year ended December 31, 2024. In the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, net cash used in dividend payments amounted to Ps.32.9 billion and Ps.36.8 billion, respectively.
Funding
Deposits
Our major source of funding is the Bank’s significant deposit base comprised of checking and savings accounts and time deposits. The following table presents the composition of our consolidated deposits as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
From the non-financial public sector 131,280,895 190,358,730
% of deposits 2.6 % 4.6 %
From the financial sector 744,014 243,730
% of deposits 0.0 % 0.0 %
From the non-financial private sector and foreign residents
Checking accounts 602,437,789 507,855,711
% of deposits 11.8 % 12.2 %
Savings accounts 1,011,081,613 936,408,041
% of deposits 19.8 % 22.4 %
Special checking accounts 1,756,294,844 1,283,546,247
% of deposits 34.3 % 30.7 %
Time deposits 1,407,375,180 959,243,184
% of deposits 27.5 % 23.0 %
Investment accounts 133,049,381 222,602,406
% of deposits 2.6 % 5.3 %
Others 51,942,615 45,863,264
% of deposits 1.0 % 1.1 %
Interest and differences in exchange rates payable 24,680,148 28,527,618
% of deposits 0.5 % 0.7 %
Total 5,118,886,479 4,174,648,931
184
Table of Contents
As of December 31, 2025, non- or low-cost private sector peso demand deposits accounted for 31% of our total peso deposit base, consisting of 13.0% in savings accounts and 17.7% in checking accounts, compared to 30%, consisting of 13.1% in savings accounts and 16.6% in checking accounts, as of December 31, 2024, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, U.S. dollar deposits amounted US$1,174.6 billion increasing 42.5% compared to December 31, 2024, above the performance of the Argentine financial system.
Financings
Banco Supervielle S.A.
Global Program for the issuance of debt securities not convertible into shares
In September 2016, the shareholders’ meeting of Banco Supervielle approved the creation of a global program for the issuance of negotiable bonds up to a maximum amount of U.S.$800,000,000. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. On March 6, 2018, the shareholders’ meeting of Banco Supervielle approved the increase of the amount of the program to U.S.$2,300,000,000. On April 26, 2021, the shareholders’ meeting of Banco Supervielle approved the decrease of the amount of the program to U.S.$300,000,000 and to extend the term of the program for an additional five years.
On August 2, 2024, Banco Supervielle issued class H negotiable bonds under its global program at a variable rate with maturity on August 2, 2025 (12 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of Ps. 20,877.8 billion. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. Interest on the class H negotiable bonds equals to the sum of the Badlar rate plus 5.25% and shall be payable quarterly. The principal amount of the class H negotiable bonds shall be paid in full at the maturity date.
On November 28, 2024, Banco Supervielle issued class I corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.70% with maturity on May 28, 2025 (6 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of U.S.$30,000,000. The program was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal and interest of the class I corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment on the maturity date.
On January 14, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class J corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.18% with maturity on July 14, 2025 (6 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of US$50,000,000. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal and interest of the class J corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment on the maturity date.
On February 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class K corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.15% with maturity on August 7, 2025 (6 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of US$28,382,277. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal and interest of the class K corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment on the maturity date.
185
Table of Contents
On February 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class L corporate bonds at a variable rate equivalent to the Tamar rate plus 2.75% with maturity on February 7, 2026, for a nominal value of Ps. 50,974 million. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The capital of the class L corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the maturity date, and interest is payable quarterly.
On March 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class M corporate bonds at a variable rate equal to the sum of the Tamar rate plus 2.75% with maturity on March 7, 2026, for a nominal value of Ps. 30,580 million. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal of the class M corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the maturity date, and interest shall be payable quarterly.
On May 12, 2025, the Bank issued Class N Negotiable Obligations denominated in Argentine pesos, in an amount of Ps. 48.2 billion, with a 6-month maturity and a floating interest rate of TAMAR + 3.50%. The Class Negotiable Obligations matured on November 12, 2025.
On May 26, 2025, the Bank issued Class P Negotiable Obligations denominated in U.S. dollars, in an amount of US$59.5 million, with a 6-month maturity and a fixed interest rate of 4.50%. The Class P Negotiable Obligations matured on November 26, 2025.
On June 12, 2025, the Bank issued Class Q Negotiable Obligations denominated in U.S. dollars, in an amount of US$10.1 million, with a 12-month maturity and a fixed interest rate of 6%, which will mature on June 12, 2026.
On June 12, 2025, the Bank issued Class R Negotiable Obligations denominated in Argentine pesos, in an amount of Ps. 27.8 billion, with a 12-month maturity and a floating interest rate of TAMAR + 3.25%. The Class R Negotiable Obligations matured on June 12, 2026.
On August 26, 2025, the Bank issued Class S Negotiable Obligations denominated in U.S. dollars, in an amount of US$16.3 million, with a 12-month maturity and a fixed interest rate of 6.75%, maturing on August 26, 2026.
On August 26, 2025, the Bank issued Class T Negotiable Obligations denominated in U.S. dollars, in an amount of US$5.0 million, with a 24-month maturity and a fixed interest rate of 8.00%, maturing on August 26, 2027.
On December 2, 2025, the Bank issued US$27.3 million of Class U Negotiable Obligations, with a 12-month maturity and a fixed interest rate of 6.25%, which will mature on December 4, 2026.
186
Table of Contents
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the amounts outstanding and the terms corresponding to outstanding unsubordinated negotiable obligations of Banco Supervielle were as follows:
Class Issue Date Maturity Date Annual Interest Rate 12/31/2025 12/31/2024
Banco Supervielle Class H (in Ps. thousands) 8/2/2024 8/2/2025 Variable Badlar rate of private banks + 5.25% — 26,477,080
Banco Supervielle Class I (in U.S.$) 11/28/2024 05/28/2025 Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 4.70% — 40,820,459
Banco Supervielle Class L (in Ps. thousands) 2/7/2025 2/7/2026 Variable Tamar rate of private banks + 2.75% 39,796,296 —
Banco Supervielle Class M (in Ps. thousands) 3/7/2025 3/7/2026 Variable Tamar rate of private banks + 2.75% 25,516,244 —
Banco Supervielle Class Q (in U.S.$) 6/12/2025 6/12/2026 Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 6% 10,131,353 —
Banco Supervielle Class R (in Ps. thousands) 6/12/2025 6/12/2026 Variable Tamar rate of private banks + 3.25% 27,767,477 —
Banco Supervielle Class S (in U.S.$) 8/26/2025 8/26/2026 Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 6.75% 24,324,239 —
Banco Supervielle Class T (in U.S.$) 8/26/2025 8/26/2027 Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 8% 7,488,616 —
Banco Supervielle Class U (in U.S.$) 12/4/2025 12/4/2026 Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 6.25% 39,842,173 —
Total 174,866,398 67,297,539
Consolidated Capital
The table below shows information on our shareholders’ equity as of the dates indicated.
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Shareholders’ equity at the end of the period attributable to owners of the parent company 985,313,918 1,049,410,954 977,928,230
Average shareholders’ equity(1) 1,046,469,095 1,044,111,706 879,081,009
Shareholders’ equity attributable to owner of the parent company as a percentage of total assets 12.7 % 17.7 % 16.6 %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets 15.1 % 19.6 % 15.0 %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity 6.9 4.6 5.0
Tangible shareholders’ equity(2) as a percentage of Total Tangible Assets 10.0 % 14.6 % 13.8 %
(1) Calculated on a daily basis.
(2) Tangible shareholders’ equity represents shareholders’ equity minus intangible assets.
187
Table of Contents
The table below shows information on the Bank’s consolidated computable regulatory capital, and minimum capital requirements as of the dates indicated.
Grupo Supervielle S.A.
As of December 31,
2025 2024(2) 2023(2)
(in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Total Capital
Tier 1 Capital
Paid in share capital common stock 437,731 437,731 442,672
Share premiums 729,164,655 554,292,304 254,538,514
Share purchase (11,936,478) (16,388,350) (6,323,494)
Disclosed reserves and retained earnings 249,341,551 122,554,284 12,339,788
Non‑controlling interests 895,401 786,576 657,203
Capital Adjustment 77,948,050 252,820,402 555,549,896
IFRS Adjustments 2,095,482 6,421,651 18,025,348
Expected Credit Losses 103,650,669 23,395,591 28,294,997
100% of results (48,049,938) 118,274,872 53,971,001
50% of positive results — 21,986,198 46,319,187
Sub-Total: Gross Tier I Capital 1,103,547,123 1,084,581,259 963,815,112
Tier 2 Capital
General provisions/general loan-loss reserves 50% — — —
Non‑controlling interests — — —
Sub-Total: Tier 2 Capital — — —
Deduct:
All Intangibles 230,110,190 216,273,775 191,684,939
Pending items 501,720 274,140 209,355
Other deductions 127,725,238 91,041,033 100,434,276
Total Deductions 358,337,148 307,588,948 292,328,570
Total Capital 745,209,975 776,992,311 671,486,542
Credit Risk weighted assets(1) 4,026,186,872 3,364,520,068 2,200,613,815
Risk weighted assets(1) 4,828,237,638 4,818,204,223 3,130,795,301
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1)/ Risk weighted assets 15.4 % 16.1 % 21.4 %
Regulatory Capital / Risk weighted assets 15.4 % 16.1 % 21.4 %
(1) Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules.
(2) Values adjustment for inflation.
Capital Expenditures
In the course of our business, our capital expenditures are mainly related to infrastructure and organizational and IT system development. In general terms, our capital expenditures are not significant when compared to our total assets. We expect that capital expenditures in 2026 will be related to infrastructure, IT systems development and properties. We anticipate to fund such capital expenditures with cash flow from operating activities.
Item 5.CResearch and Development, patents and licenses, etc.
Other than our technology program, we do not have any significant policies or projects relating to research and development, and we own no patents or licenses.
188
Table of Contents
Item 5.DTrend Information
We believe that the macroeconomic environment and the following material trends related to Argentina, the Argentine financial system and our business have affected and will continue to affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our continued success and ability to increase our value to our shareholders will depend upon, among other factors, economic growth in Argentina and the corresponding growth of the market for long-term private sector lending and access to financial products and services by a larger segment of the population.
This analysis should be read in conjunction with the discussion in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” and taking into consideration that the Argentine economy has been historically volatile, which has negatively affected the volume and growth of several sectors, including the financial system.
Material Trends Related to Argentina and the Argentine Financial System
During 2025, the Argentine financial system has faced volatility and uncertainty. High real interest rates and increased reserve requirements led to a reduction in peso liquidity and pressured margins across the system. These conditions resulted in a contraction in credit demand and asset quality deterioration, with net interest margin declining and the system reporting losses. The monetary tightening implemented to stabilize the exchange rate was a key driver of these dynamics. During the third quarter of 2025, this monetary tightening reached its most restrictive levels.
The outcome of the mid-term legislative elections marked a shift in the political and economic landscape in Argentina. We believe the consolidation of the current administration and its reform agenda has created a more favorable environment for policy implementation, especially in the Senate, where we believe the new composition is more conducive to advance structural reforms.
Since November 2025, interest rates have declined, liquidity has improved, treasury bond prices have recovered, and consumer confidence is gradually returning, despite some volatility during January and February 2026. The reduction in reserve requirements is expected to further support profitability and liquidity across the Argentine financial system. Country risk has improved post-elections, reinforcing confidence and setting the stage for further macro policy adjustments. During this period, the labor reform was approved by Congress. The Argentine government is expected to continue pursuing fiscal and institutional reforms, with a higher probability of approval in Congress. These reforms are expected to enhance productivity and drive long-term economic growth.
As macro stability improves and inflation declines, interest rates are expected to decline further, reserve requirements to ease, and peso liquidity to recover. These factors are expected to support a gradual rebound in economic activity and credit demand, especially in the retail segment. The banking sector is anticipated to re-leverage prudently as the sovereign risk backdrop improves and disposable income strengthens.
Material Trends Related to Our Business
During 2025, our business was impacted by the challenging macroeconomic and financial environment described above. Unsustainably high interest rates, elevated reserve requirements, and pressured margins affected the performance of our business. These headwinds led to a contraction in credit demand, increased cost of risk, and a deterioration in asset quality, with non-performing loan ratios rising in line with system-wide trends. The increase in delinquency was observed across all customer segments, including both existing and new borrowers, and was driven by pressure on disposable income and the impact of tariff realignments, especially in the retail segment. In response, we tightened our loan origination criteria, reinforced collections, and implemented stricter affordability models to manage risk.
Despite these adverse conditions, we maintained our capital position, achieved growth in fee income, and delivered efficiency gains through cost reductions. Our non-banking subsidiaries, including insurance, asset management, and online retail brokerage, continued to generate solid results. IOL invertironline’s performance demonstrated momentum, with increases in active clients, assets under custody, transaction volumes, and fee income. Strategic initiatives such as the Supervielle SuperApp, remunerated account offerings, and expansion into new industry value chains (e.g., oil and gas, mining) reinforced our commitment to supporting Argentina’s economic growth.
Loan growth is expected to be driven initially by corporate customers, especially SMEs and middle market companies associated with industries such as oil and gas. Retail loan growth is anticipated to resume as consumer confidence and disposable income
189
Table of Contents
improve. We are positioning ourselves to capture the next phase of credit expansion as monetary conditions normalize, through strategic initiatives including deepening relationships with payroll and SME clients, expanding digital channels, and enhancing product offerings. Our focus remains on organic growth, leveraging the strength of the existing franchise and targeting underpenetrated markets. Consistent with this strategy and reinforcing our commitment to supporting SMEs, on September 16, 2025, our main subsidiary, the Bank, entered into a credit line of up to approximately US$250 million with the Inter-American Development Bank to expand financing availability for SMEs and contribute to Argentina’s productive development.
Competition from fintech entrants and digital players is viewed positively, reflecting growing confidence in Argentina’s macroeconomic outlook. However, the entry of new digital and fintech competitors, including large global and regional players, is expected to intensify competition, particularly in the retail segment, and may result in increased pressure on pricing, margins, customer acquisition and retention, and required levels of ongoing investment in technology and digital capabilities. In this context, we continue to evolve our platforms, leveraging a hybrid digital and relationship-based (“tech and touch”) model. Strategic investments in technology, including artificial intelligence tools, are expected to enhance productivity, optimize processes, strengthen risk management and elevate the client experience across both the Bank and IOL platforms. Our focus remains on organic growth, efficiency and customer-centricity to support long-term growth and franchise value.
Item 5.ECritical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires senior management to make judgements in applying the accounting standards to define our accounting policies.
We identified the following areas which involve a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are material for our consolidated financial statements which are essential to understand the underlying accounting/financial reporting risks:
Fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market
The fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined using valuation techniques. Such techniques are regulary validated and reviewed by qualified personnel independent from the area which developed them. All models are assessed and adjusted before being used in order to ensure that results reflect current information and comparable market prices. As long as possible, models rely on observable inputs only; which include significant assumptions related to implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves, require the use of estimates. Changes in the assumptions of these factors may affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
Valuation of the expected credit loss allowances The Group records the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit losses method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgements of the model relate to making assumptions about macroeconomic scenarios to determine the forward looking factor. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective.
Note 1.11 of our consolidated financial statements provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is calculated.
Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
Intangible assets with definite useful life and property, plant and equipment are amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis during their estimated useful life. Grupo Supervielle monitors the conditions associated with these assets to determine whether the events and circumstances require a review of the remaining amortization or depreciation term and whether there are impairment indicators.
Grupo Supervielle has applied judgment in identifying indicators of impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets that are amortized. Grupo Supervielle has requested valuations by external independent valuers for its land and buildings category as of December 31, 2025, recording and impairment on some of them (see Note 12.1 to our consolidated financial statements). For the rest of the categories of property, plant and equipment as well as for intangibles other than goodwill, no indicators have been identified and no impairment has been recognised for any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
190
Table of Contents
Income tax and deferred tax
A significant judgment is required to determine liabilities and assets from current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authority using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax is measured over temporary differences between tax basis of assets and liabilities and book values at the tax rates that are impairment indicators.
Assets from deferred tax are recognized upon the possibility of relying on future taxable earnings against which temporary differences can be used, based on the senior management’s assumptions regarding amounts and opportunities of future taxable earnings. Real results may differ from estimates, based on factors such as changes in tax legislation or the result of the final review of affidavits issued by tax authorities and tax courts.
Likely future tax earnings and the number of tax benefits are based on a medium term business plan prepared by management, which is based on reasonable expectations.
Share-based payments
Estimating the fair value of share-based payments requires determining the most appropriate valuation model, which depends on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determining the most appropriate assumptions for the valuation model, including the remaining life of the share option, volatility, and share performance.
For measuring the fair value of share-based payments at the grant date, the Group uses the Black & Sholes model. The carrying amount, assumptions, and models used to estimate the fair value of share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 34.
Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees