Tariff Risk ​ Changes in government and economic policies, incentives, trade regulations, or tariffs may have a material impact on equipment that we import. While the final scope, timing, and application of recently announced or proposed changes in U.S. trade policy remain uncertain, increases in tariffs on imported equipment, as well as the potential imposition of retaliatory tariffs by foreign jurisdictions, could materially increase our equipment and infrastructure costs or limit the availability of certain components. Such developments could adversely affect our ability to procure equipment on a timely basis or at cost-effective levels, which in turn may impact project timelines, capital expenditures, and operating margins. We continuously monitor developments in trade policy and may adjust our procurement strategies, sourcing arrangements, or deployment plans in response to such changes; however, there can be no assurance that such actions will fully mitigate the impact of adverse tariff or trade policy developments. ​ Foreign Exchange Risk ​ Foreign exchange risk arises from fluctuations in currency exchange rates that impact our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. A portion of our operations is conducted through Hut 8 Canada, and we incur operating expenses, capital expenditures, and other costs denominated primarily in Canadian dollars, while our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. In addition, a significant portion of our Bitcoin holdings are held by our Canadian subsidiary. ​ Changes in the U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar exchange rate may affect the U.S. dollar value of our operating costs, capital expenditures, intercompany balances, and the translation of the financial results and Bitcoin holdings of Hut 8 Canada into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Adverse movements in foreign exchange rates could increase our costs or reduce reported revenues, asset values, and earnings. While we may seek to manage foreign exchange exposure through operational strategies from time to time, we do not currently engage in foreign currency hedging activities and therefore remain exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates. ​ Market Price Risk of Bitcoin We hold a significant amount of Bitcoin; therefore, we are exposed to the impact of market price changes in Bitcoin. As of June 30, 2026, we held approximately 17,316 Bitcoin, comprising approximately 9,314 Bitcoin held by Hut 8 and approximately 8,002 Bitcoin held by American Bitcoin. Based on a fair value of approximately $59,847 per Bitcoin, the aggregate fair value of these holdings as of June 30, 2026 was approximately $1.04 billion. Declines in the fair market value of Bitcoin will impact the cash value that would be realized if we were to sell our Bitcoin for cash, therefore having a negative impact on our liquidity. Custodian Risk Our Bitcoin is held with third-party custodians, Coinbase Custody, NYDIG, Anchorage, and BitGo, which we select based on various factors, including their financial strength and industry reputation. Custodian risk refers to the potential loss, theft, or misappropriation of our Bitcoin assets due to operational failures, cybersecurity breaches, or financial difficulties experienced by these third parties. Although we periodically monitor the financial health, insurance coverage, and security measures of our custodians, reliance on such third parties inherently exposes us to risks that we cannot fully mitigate. 69 Table of Contents Credit Risk Credit risk arises from our practice of pledging Bitcoin as collateral in transactions with counterparties. We mitigate this risk by engaging with counterparties that we believe possess strong creditworthiness based on their size, credit quality, and reputation, among other factors. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, we have not incurred any material loss from such transactions. However, there remains a risk that a counterparty could default on its obligations to us, which might result in a material loss. We continually assess the credit risk associated with our counterparties and, if necessary, recognize a loss provision or write-down. Credit risk also arises from us placing our cash and demand deposits in financial institutions. Although we strive to limit our exposure by placing cash and demand deposits with financial institutions with a high credit standing, there can be no assurances that we are able to mitigate our credit risk. In addition, we are exposed to credit risk associated with the creditworthiness of our customers and other counterparties, as non-performance or financial deterioration of these parties could adversely impact cash flows and liquidity. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. We have one loan that maintains a variable interest rate, the TZRC Secured Promissory Note, which includes a maximum interest rate of 15.25%. As a result, changes in market interest rates could affect our operations over certain periods and may also impact our ability to finance projects. For more information regarding the TZRC Secured Promissory Note, see Note 9. Loans, notes payable, and other financial liabilities to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. ​ We also earn interest income on the cash balances at variable rates. Changes in the short-term interest rates are not expected to have a material impact on the fair value of our cash balances. ​ We may enter into project-level financing arrangements that include floating rate components, including rates based on a Secured Overnight Financing Rate benchmark. To the extent that we enter into such arrangements, our exposure to interest rate variability could increase. We may seek to manage a portion of this exposure through the use of financial hedging instruments; however, such instruments may not be available on acceptable terms, may not be effective in mitigating interest rate risk, or may introduce additional risks. ​