We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of business, which consists primarily of interest rate risk associated with our cash and cash equivalents and foreign exchange rate risk. Interest rate risk. Certain financial instruments of ours are subject to interest rate risk due to variable interest rates that fluctuate with market conditions. However, our exposure to market risk from interest rate fluctuations is limited. We maintain a portfolio of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments, which primarily includes bank deposits, money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. Treasury and agency securities. The majority of these investments mature within one year, although certain securities have maturities approaching, but not exceeding, two years. Due to the short to intermediate-term nature of these instruments, we do not expect that a sudden change in market interest rates would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We are also exposed to market risk as a result of increases or decreases in the amount of interest expense we must pay on our borrowings on our bank credit facilities. Although our U.S. revolving line of credit and euro credit facilities have variable rates, we do not believe that a 10% change in market interest rates would have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. Exchange rates. Due to our international operations, a significant portion of our net sales, cost of sales and operating expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the euro and the Chinese yuan. Changes in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar versus the functional currencies of our subsidiaries affect the translated value and relative level of sales and net income that we report from one period to the next. In addition, our subsidiaries may have assets or liabilities denominated in a currency other than their functional currency which results in foreign exchange transaction gains and losses due to changes in the value of the functional currency versus the currency the assets and liabilities are denominated in. The gain on foreign exchange transactions totaled $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 compared to a loss of $3.1 30 Table of Contents million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Management attempts to minimize these exposures by partially or fully off-setting foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities at our subsidiaries that operate in different functional currencies. The effectiveness of this strategy can be limited by the volume of underlying transactions at various subsidiaries and by our ability to accelerate or delay inter-company cash settlements. As a result, we are unable to create a perfect offset of the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. Furthermore, if we expect a currency movement to be beneficial to us in the short or medium term, we have, on occasions, chosen not to hedge or otherwise offset the underlying assets or liabilities. However, it is difficult to predict foreign currency movements accurately. At June 30, 2026, our material foreign currency exposure is net U.S. dollar denominated assets at subsidiaries where the euro is the functional currency and U.S. dollar denominated liabilities where the Chinese yuan is the functional currency. The net U.S. dollar denominated assets are comprised of cash, third party receivables and inter-company receivables offset by third party and inter-company payables denominated in U.S. dollar. The U.S. dollar denominated liabilities are comprised of inter-company payables. A 5% change in the relative exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the euro as of June 30, 2026 applied to the net U.S. dollar asset balances, would result in a foreign exchange gain of $2.2 million if the U.S. dollar appreciated and a $2.3 million foreign exchange loss if the U.S. dollar depreciated. A 5% change in the relative exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the Chinese yuan as of June 30, 2026 applied to the net U.S. dollar liabilities balances, would result in a foreign exchange loss of $2.0 million if the U.S. dollar appreciated and a $2.1 million foreign exchange gain if the U.S. dollar depreciated. In addition, we are exposed to foreign currency translation risk for those subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar as changes in the value of their functional currency relative to the U.S. dollar affect the translated amounts of our assets and liabilities. Changes in the translated value of assets and liabilities due to changes in functional currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar result in foreign currency translation adjustments that are a component of other comprehensive income or loss on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Foreign currency derivative instruments can also be used to hedge exposures and reduce the risks of certain foreign currency transactions; however, these instruments provide only limited protection and can carry significant cost. We have no foreign currency derivative instruments as of June 30, 2026. We will continue to analyze our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations and may engage in financial hedging techniques in the future to attempt to minimize the effect of these potential fluctuations. Exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect our financial results in the future.