We face exposure to financial market risks, including adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates. These exposures may change over time as our business practices evolve and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. Cash and cash equivalents Our exposure to market risk through financial instruments, such as short-term cash instruments with maturities of three months or less, is limited to interest rate risk and is not material. Our investments in marketable securities consist primarily of money market accounts and short-term certificates of deposit and are designed, in order of priority, to preserve principal, provide liquidity, and maximize income. Interest rates are variable and fluctuate with current market conditions. We do not believe that a 10% change in interest rates would have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. Foreign currency exchange risk The functional currency of each of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, except for AMSC Austria (Euro), AMSC Brazil and Comtrafo (Real), for which the local currencies are the functional currency. The assets and liabilities of AMSC Austria, AMSC Brazil and Comtrafo are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense items are translated at average rates for the period. Cumulative translation adjustments are excluded from net income and shown as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. We face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates whenever we, or any of our subsidiaries, enter into transactions with third parties that are denominated in currencies other than our functional currency. Intercompany transactions between entities that use different functional currencies also expose us to foreign currency risk. Gross margins of products we manufacture in the U.S and sell in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are also affected by foreign currency exchange rate movements. In addition, a portion of our earnings is generated by our foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currencies are other than the U.S. dollar, and our revenues and earnings could be materially impacted by movements in foreign currency exchange rates upon the translation of the earnings of such subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar. If the functional currency for AMSC Austria, AMSC Brazil, or Comtrafo were to fluctuate by 10% the net effect would be immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. Foreign currency gains (losses) are included in net income and were a loss of $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and a gain of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025.