Certain risk factors can significantly impact our business, liquidity, capital resources, results of operations, financial condition, and debt ratings. These risk factors might affect, alter, or change our actions in executing our long-term capital strategy. Examples include, without limitation, contributing capital to any or all our ten Insurance Subsidiaries, issuing additional debt and/or equity securities, repurchasing our existing debt and/or equity securities, or increasing or decreasing common stockholders' dividends. We operate in a continually changing business environment, and new risk factors that we cannot predict or assess may emerge at any time. Consequently, we can neither predict such new risk factors nor assess the potential future impact on our business. Except as discussed below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. "Risk Factors." in our 2025 Annual Report. 47 Table of Contents Recent geopolitical developments could adversely and materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and growth. Recent geopolitical developments, including military conflict in the Middle East, have contributed to increased volatility in global energy markets and international shipping activity. Though we only write business domestically in the United States, and our insurance operations do not have direct exposure to businesses or individuals in the Middle East, these developments have resulted in higher energy and transportation costs, supply‑chain delays, and volatility in global financial markets. Such conditions may adversely affect global economic activity and the market value of our investment portfolio and could increase our loss costs and reinsurance expense.