UVE

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Company” refer to Universal Insurance Holdings, Inc. (“UVE”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. You should read the following discussion together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“Financial Statements”) and the related notes thereto included in “Part I, Item 1—Financial Statements,” and our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in “Part II, Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Operating results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any quarter or for the year. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements In addition to historical information, this report may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The forward-looking statements anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These forward-looking statements may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “seeks,” “expects,” “will,” “should,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “believes,” “likely,” “targets,” and other words with similar meanings. These statements may address, among other things, our strategy for growth, catastrophe exposure and other risk management, product development, investment results, regulatory approvals, market position, expenses, financial results, projections, estimates, litigation and reserves. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results or outcomes could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. There may be other factors not presently known to us or which we currently consider to be immaterial that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. We believe that these statements are based on reasonable estimates, assumptions and plans. A detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is set forth below, which are a summary of those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Risks and uncertainties that may affect, or have affected, our financial condition and operating results include, but are not limited to, the following: •As a property and casualty insurer, we may face significant losses, and our financial results may vary from period to period, due to exposure to catastrophic events and severe weather conditions, the frequency and severity of which could be affected by climate change. •Because we have significant exposure to the Florida market, our financial results are affected by the regulatory, economic, and weather conditions in Florida. •We have entered new markets and expect that we will continue to do so, but there can be no assurance that our diversification and growth strategy will be effective. •Actual claims incurred have exceeded, and in the future may exceed, reserves established for claims, adversely affecting our operating results and financial condition. •If we fail to adequately price the risks we underwrite, if emerging trends outpace our ability to adjust prices in a timely manner, or if we lose desirable exposures to competitors by overpricing our risks, we may experience underwriting losses, thereby depleting surplus at the Insurance Entities and capital at the holding company. •Unanticipated increases in the severity or frequency of claims adversely affect our profitability and financial condition. •The failure of the risk mitigation strategies we utilize could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. •Pandemics and macroeconomic conditions could impact our business, financial results, and growth. •Because we rely on independent insurance agents, the loss of these independent agent relationships and the business they control or our ability to attract new independent agents could have an adverse impact on our business. •We rely on models as a tool to evaluate risk, and those models are inherently uncertain and may not accurately predict existing or future losses. •Reinsurance may be unavailable in the future at reasonable levels and prices or on reasonable terms, which may limit our ability to write new business or to adequately mitigate our exposure to loss. •Reinsurance subjects us to the credit risk of our reinsurers, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. •Our financial condition and operating results are subject to the cyclical nature of the property and casualty insurance business. 26 Table of Contents •An overall decline in the housing market or general economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of our business. •Our success depends, in part, on our ability to attract, retain, and develop talented employees, and the loss of any one of our key personnel could adversely impact our operations. •We could be adversely affected if our controls designed to ensure compliance with guidelines, policies and legal and regulatory standards are not effective. •The failure of our claims professionals to effectively manage claims could adversely affect our insurance business and financial results. •Litigation or regulatory actions could result in material settlements, judgments, fines, or penalties and consequently have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and reputation. •Failure to maintain or enhance our brand or damage to our reputation could adversely impact our business. •Our future results are dependent in part on our ability to successfully operate in a highly competitive insurance industry. •A downgrade in our financial strength or stability ratings may have an adverse effect on our competitive position, the marketability of our product offerings, and our liquidity, operating results and financial condition. •Breaches or other failures of our information systems or denial of service on our website could have an adverse impact on our business and reputation. •Our ability to implement or adjust to technological changes, especially regarding artificial intelligence (“AI”), may be limited, or we could introduce technology containing errors, which may trigger regulatory actions or put us at a competitive disadvantage. •Lack of effectiveness of exclusions and other loss limitation methods in the insurance policies we write or changes in laws and/or potential regulatory approaches relating to them could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. •We are subject to market risk, which may adversely affect investment income. •Our overall financial performance depends in part on the returns on our investment portfolio. •We are subject to extensive regulation and potential further restrictive regulation may increase our operating costs and limit our growth and profitability. •UVE is a holding company and, consequently, its cash flow is dependent on dividends and other permissible payments from its subsidiaries. •Regulations limiting rate changes and requiring us to participate in loss sharing or assessments may decrease our profitability. •The amount of statutory capital and surplus that each of the Insurance Entities has and the amount of statutory capital and surplus it must hold vary and are sensitive to a number of factors outside of our control, including market conditions and the regulatory environment and rules. •To service our debt, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors. •Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial results and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the Notes. 27 Table of Contents OVERVIEW We are a vertically integrated insurance holding company focused primarily on personal residential homeowners insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries, Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company (“UPCIC”) and American Platinum Property and Casualty Insurance Company (“APPCIC” and, together with UPCIC, the “Insurance Entities”), write homeowners and related property insurance through appointed independent agents and online distribution channels across 19 states. Our integrated operating model allows us to manage underwriting, product design, distribution, risk management and claims handling through affiliated service companies, which supports consistency in execution and provides additional fee-based revenue streams. Our results are driven principally by the size, mix and profitability of our insured portfolio; the frequency and severity of weather and non-weather claims; the cost and structure of our catastrophe reinsurance program; investment income; and operating efficiency. Management’s objective is to generate long-term underwriting profitability while maintaining sufficient liquidity and capital to support policyholder obligations, catastrophe exposure and disciplined growth. We evaluate underwriting profitability based on net premiums earned less losses, loss adjustment expenses, policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses. During 2026, we continued to pursue selective growth in Florida and other states where market conditions have improved or otherwise support attractive risk-adjusted returns. In Florida, legislative reforms enacted in late 2022 have contributed to improved claim and litigation trends on policies issued or renewed after the reforms, supporting our decision to expand new homeowners writings in most territories, introduce new coverage options and adjust rates. Outside Florida, we continued to refine rates, coverage offerings and underwriting criteria in response to inflation, weather risk, reinsurance costs and other market conditions. These actions are intended to support growth while maintaining underwriting discipline and geographic diversification. Although Florida represented approximately 72.9% of direct premiums written for the six months ended June 30, 2026, it represented approximately 47.1% of total insured value as of June 30, 2026. This difference reflects the higher premium levels associated with Florida’s catastrophe exposure, reinsurance costs and market conditions, while also demonstrating the Company’s continued diversification of insured exposure outside Florida. Management views this diversification as an important component of its long-term strategy to balance growth, underwriting profitability and catastrophe risk across its multi-state homeowners insurance platform. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the audited consolidated financial statements, related notes and MD&A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed due to the factors described under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. Trends and Geographical Distribution Florida Trends Regulatory Environment We seek to achieve long-term rate adequacy and earnings for the Insurance Entities while managing our risks through market cycles and looking to take advantage of what we believe to be market opportunities. We currently write insurance policies in 19 states. Although the majority of our policies cover properties in Florida, our business in other states continues to grow as a percentage of our total policies in force and premium volume. Our ability to write and retain policies is influenced by a range of local, national and global factors. Among these, the amount and types of policies we write depend on the regulatory environments in the states in which the Insurance Entities write policies. In particular, the Florida personal residential insurance market has experienced and continues to experience significant transitions due to a series of law changes passed in December 2022 that were intended to address previous market disruption. Prior to the law changes, the Florida residential property insurance market suffered from declining availability and increasing premiums among authorized insurers. This was attributable to elevated loss and LAE levels and related impacts on insurers’ operating results and reinsurance pricing and availability. During this period, Citizens, Florida’s statutorily-created insurer that generally is intended to be the state’s market of last resort, instead became a market of choice as authorized insurers limited writings and Citizens’ rate levels were suppressed by statutory limitations on its rate changes. The overall residential property insurance market in Florida has steadily improved since the reforms were enacted. Even so, the long-term benefits of Florida’s statutory reforms remain unknown and difficult to predict. The Florida political environment, prevailing sentiment among policymakers or the public such as growing concerns with inflation and costs of living, and economic factors beyond insurers’ control may directly or indirectly mitigate the impact of the reforms. These influences can mask the reforms’ benefits or diminish their perceived effectiveness even when the market shows objective signs of improvement through moderating rate levels, increased product availability and competition, and reductions in Citizens’ policy count. Over time, political or external influences attributing broader rising costs or other market conditions to deficiencies in the reforms rather than other causes can result in policymakers questioning the merits of the reforms, considering proposals to reverse them, or pursuing other law changes or interpretations that could negate improvements in the Florida market and renew concerns with rising costs and reduced availability. 28 Table of Contents Competition Prior to the 2022 reforms, most residential property insurers in Florida, including the Insurance Entities, sought to limit their exposure to rising losses and LAE. Although the Insurance Entities faced little competition from authorized insurers during this period, the Insurance Entities’ own exposure management considerations led them to limit their new business intake. The Insurance Entities historically have enjoyed a high policyholder retention rate from year to year, both prior to the reforms and currently. Nonetheless, the Company’s limited appetite for new business prior to the reforms led to a decline in its in-force Florida policy count. As other insurers similarly limited their writings during this time, Citizens grew to become the largest insurer of residential property in Florida by a wide margin. Since 2023, the Insurance Entities have gradually increased their appetite for new business in Florida. In both 2024 and 2025, the Insurance Entities filed and gained regulatory approval of statewide average rate decreases for their homeowners’ insurance programs. In addition, the Insurance Entities began to expand, and have continued to expand, the areas in Florida and the types of policies they seek to write. The Insurance Entities also implemented optional product updates for consumers seeking to evaluate their coverage and price options in Florida’s improving market. Other insurers also are expanding new business writings. Established insurers are increasingly expanding their writings by location and policy type. In addition, approximately 20 new insurers have entered the Florida market in recent years. Unlike the Insurance Entities, some new and established insurers write business predominantly by assuming risks from Citizens. Altogether, increased activity among authorized insurers has led to a decrease in Citizens’ policy count by approximately one million policies since the reforms. The current Florida residential property insurance market therefore is characterized by increased competition among authorized insurers, expanded coverage options for consumers, declining average rate levels and a significantly smaller residual insurance market. Other states have experienced less disruption than Florida. The Insurance Entities therefore face a high but stable degree of competition when entering and expanding into other states. In these states, the Insurance Entities often compete with national or regional insurers with greater experience in the specific markets. Our growth plan therefore includes developing relationships with the states’ independent agents and gradually expanding our presence as we gain familiarity with new markets. Over time, this has allowed our business outside of Florida to steadily increase as a percentage of our overall business. Claims The Insurance Entities’ loss and LAE experience on Florida claims has improved significantly for policies written after the statutory reforms. This is attributable to reduced incentives for policyholders, vendors and their representatives to pursue questionable, inflated and litigated claims. In addition, the Company’s own initiatives, coupled with enhanced claim-handling standards included in the reforms, have resulted in faster claims-handling times, process improvements and greater customer satisfaction. The Company continues to experience higher costs associated with claims that pre-date the reforms. The remaining pre-reform claims typically are litigated claims that have resisted formal and informal efforts at dispute resolution. Although the number of claims subject to pre-reform laws has declined substantially, some might be resolved only through litigation and therefore might remain pending for months or longer. The Company has increasingly used video and other technology to facilitate review of damaged property and improve efficiency in the claims process. As technologies evolve, the Company continually evaluates and implements enhancements to streamline workflows and enhance the customer experience. The Company also regularly monitors regulatory developments pertaining to uses of technology, including oversight of AI in claims processes and other aspects of our operations. Across the United States, third-party financing contributes to expansion of claims litigation and vendors’ efforts to solicit claims. Some states have enacted laws intended to curtail or require disclosure of litigation financing. The largest state in which we write business, Florida, does not currently have any such laws. It is difficult to quantify the impact on losses, LAE and ultimately premium attributable to vendor-related financing and litigation financing. Other Trends Economic Conditions Our business is affected by evolving domestic, national or global economic conditions, including the potential impact from tariffs and other inflationary pressures. Increased labor and materials costs can increase our claims costs. They can also have other direct effects on our business, such as increasing the values of properties we insure and the corresponding premium levels, as well as indirect effects such as offsetting and diminishing the perceived benefits of the statutory reforms. We will continue to monitor our business model and strategy as economic conditions develop. We also rely on global reinsurance markets to mitigate our exposure under policies we write. The availability and pricing of reinsurance can be influenced by global economic conditions such as inflation. Our ability to purchase desired levels of reinsurance at competitive prices also can be influenced by severe weather in Florida and elsewhere. Florida did not suffer a landfalling hurricane in 2025, which contributed to favorable reinsurance market conditions for the mid-year renewal of our catastrophe reinsurance program. However, the benefit of short-term weather or economic conditions can be tempered by reinsurers’ assessments of past and potential future events. 29 Table of Contents Artificial Intelligence and Technology Trends Data analytics, artificial intelligence (“AI”) and other emerging technologies are increasingly affecting the property and casualty insurance industry. Insurers, technology providers, vendors and other market participants continue to invest in tools intended to improve the speed, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of insurance operations. These technologies may create opportunities to improve underwriting and risk selection, claims handling, fraud detection, customer service, operational efficiency and analytical capabilities. In the residential property insurance market, emerging technologies are increasingly used to evaluate property characteristics, model catastrophe and non-catastrophe risk, support inspection and underwriting processes, triage or estimate claims, detect potentially questionable claim activity, and assist with communications. The effective use of these technologies depends on the quality of underlying data, governance structures in place, integration with existing systems, vendor performance and continued human oversight. The use of AI and other automated technologies is subject to evolving legal and regulatory scrutiny and changing market expectations regarding data privacy, cybersecurity, transparency, governance and compliance with insurance, information security and consumer protection requirements. These requirements may vary by jurisdiction and could affect our ability to implement or expand AI-enabled tools, increase compliance costs, or expose us to regulatory, litigation or reputational risks if such tools are alleged to produce inaccurate, unfair or unexplained outcomes. If we are unable to adopt, implement or manage emerging technologies effectively, or if competitors are able to use them more effectively, we could experience higher operating costs, process inefficiencies, customer or agent service disadvantages, regulatory concerns, reputational harm or other competitive disadvantages. Additionally, because Florida remains our largest market and the domiciliary state of our Insurance Entities, changes in Florida regulatory expectations related to the use of AI or other technologies could have a disproportionate impact on our operations. Conversely, if appropriately implemented and governed, these technologies may support our efforts to improve operational efficiency, strengthen analytical capabilities, enhance customer and agent experiences, and respond to market opportunities and risks. Summary of Recent Rate Changes In 2024, for Florida, UPCIC implemented new homeowners policy rates, resulting in an average rate decrease of 1.5% compared to previous rates, effective for new policies August 15, 2024 and renewal policies May 17, 2025. In October 2025, UPCIC implemented new homeowners policy rates for new and renewal business policies, resulting in an average rate decrease of 5.1% compared to previous rates with an effective date of October 16, 2025. These Florida rate changes were implemented under use and file rating laws and subsequently received regulatory approval. For 2026, the following rate changes for UPCIC have been approved by regulators in states other than Florida: •Maryland: +4.6%, effective January 6, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Alabama: +7.9%, effective May 2, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Georgia: +7.9%, effective May 5, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Massachusetts: +6.1%, effective May 28, 2026, for new business and renewal business •North Carolina: +7.5%, effective June 1, 2026, for new business and renewal business •South Carolina: +6.9%, effective June 10, 2026, for new business and renewal business •New Jersey: +18.9%, effective July 6, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Delaware: +9.9%, effective August 13, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Pennsylvania: +14.9%, effective September 21, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Illinois: +17.8%, effective October 1, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Wisconsin: +39.9%, effective October 22, 2026, for new business and renewal business •Iowa: +9.0%, effective October 24, 2026, for new business and renewal business The following rate filings are pending approval by state regulators: •New York: +10.0%, the effective date for new and renewal business is pending approval •Minnesota: +15.0%, the effective date for new and renewal business is pending approval 30 Table of Contents KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS The Company considers the measures and ratios in the following discussion to be key performance indicators for its businesses. Management believes that these indicators are helpful in understanding the underlying trends in the Company’s businesses. Some of these indicators are reported on a quarterly basis and others on an annual basis. Please also refer to “Part II, Item 8—Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies)” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, for definitions of certain other terms we use when describing our financial results. These indicators may not be comparable to other performance measures used by the Company’s competitors and should only be evaluated together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Definitions of Key Performance Indicators Book Value Per Common Share ― total stockholders’ equity, adjusted for preferred stock liquidation, divided by the number of common shares outstanding as of a reporting period. Book value per common share is the excess of assets over liabilities at a reporting period attributed to each share of common stock. Changes in book value per common share informs shareholders of retained equity in the Company on a per share basis, which may assist in understanding market value trends for the Company’s stock. Combined Ratio ― the combined ratio is a measure of underwriting profitability for a reporting period and is calculated by dividing total operating costs and expenses (which is made up of losses and LAE, policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses) by premiums earned, net, which is net of ceded premium earned. Changes to the combined ratio over time provide management with an understanding of costs to operate its business in relation to net premiums it is earning and the impact of rate, underwriting and other business management actions, weather and other external factors on underwriting profitability. A combined ratio below 100% indicates an underwriting profit; a combined ratio above 100% indicates an underwriting loss. Core Loss Ratio ― an operational metric used in the insurance industry to describe the ratio of current year losses and LAE, excluding current accident year weather and prior year development, to premiums earned. Core loss ratio is an important measure identifying profitability trends of premiums in force. Core losses consist of losses and LAE excluding current year weather events and prior years’ reserve development and is net of estimated subrogation recoveries. The financial benefit from the management of claims, including claim fees ceded to reinsurers, is also recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements as a reduction to core losses. The core loss ratio can be measured on a direct basis, using direct earned premiums, or on a net basis, using premiums earned, net (i.e., direct premiums earned less ceded premiums earned). Debt-to-Equity Ratio ― debt, including current portion divided by stockholders’ equity. This ratio helps management measure the amount of financing leverage in place in relation to equity and allows investors to evaluate future leverage capacity. Debt-to-Total Capital Ratio ― debt, including current portion divided by the sum of total stockholders’ equity and debt (often referred to as total capital resources). This ratio helps management measure the amount of financing leverage in place (debt) in relation to total capital resources and allows investors to evaluate future leverage capacity. Direct Premiums Written (“DPW”) ― reflects the total value of policies issued during a period before considering premiums ceded to reinsurers. Direct premiums written, comprised of renewal premiums, endorsements, and new business, is initially recorded as unearned premium in the balance sheet, which is then earned pro-rata over the next year or remaining policy term. Direct premiums written reflect current trends in the Company’s sale of property and casualty insurance products and amounts that will be recognized as earned premiums in the future. DPW (Florida) ― includes only DPW in the state of Florida. This measure allows management to analyze growth in our primary market and is also a measure of business concentration risk. Expense Ratio (Including Policy Acquisition Cost Ratio and Other Operating Costs and Expenses Ratio) ― calculated as policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses as a percentage of premiums earned, net. Policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses include such items as underwriting costs, facilities, and corporate overhead. The expense ratio, including the sub-expense ratios of policy acquisition cost ratio and other operating costs and expenses ratio, are indicators to management of the Company’s cost efficiency in acquiring and servicing its business and the impact of expense items to overall profitability. Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense Ratio or Loss and LAE Ratio ― a measure of the cost of claims and claim settlement expenses incurred in a reporting period as a percentage of premiums earned in that same reporting period. Losses and LAE incurred in a reporting period includes both amounts related to the current accident year and prior accident years, if any, referred to as development. Ultimate losses and LAE are based on actuarial estimates with changes in those estimates recognized in the period the estimates are revised. Losses and LAE consist of claim costs arising from claims occurring and settling in the current period, an estimate of claim costs for reported but unpaid claims, an estimate of unpaid claim costs for incurred-but-not-reported claims and an estimate of claim settlement expenses associated with reported and unreported claims which occurred during the reporting period. The loss and LAE ratio can be measured on a direct basis, which includes losses and LAE divided by direct earned premiums, or on a net basis, which includes losses and LAE divided by premiums earned, net (i.e., direct premium earned less ceded premium earned). The net loss and LAE ratio is a measure of underwriting profitability after giving consideration to the effect of reinsurance. Trends in the net loss and LAE ratio are an indication to management of current and future profitability. 31 Table of Contents Monthly Weighted Average Renewal Retention Rate ― measures the monthly average of policyholders that renew their policies over the period of a calendar year. This measure allows management to assess customer retention. Premiums Earned, Net ― the pro-rata portion of current and previously written premiums that the Company recognizes as earned premium during the reporting period, net of ceded premium earned. Ceded premiums are premiums paid or payable by the Company for reinsurance protection. Written premiums are considered earned and are recognized pro-rata over the policy coverage period. Premiums earned, net is a measure that allows management to identify revenue trends. Policies in Force ― represents the number of active policies with coverage in effect as of the end of the reporting period. The change in the number of policies in force is a growth measure and provides management with an indication of progress toward achieving strategic objectives. Inherent seasonality in our business makes this measure more useful when comparing each quarter’s balance to the same quarter in prior years. Premium in Force ― is the amount of the annual direct premiums written previously recorded by the Company for policies which are still active as of the reporting date. This measure assists management in measuring the level of insured exposure and progress toward meeting revenue goals for the current year, and provides an indication of business available for renewal in the next twelve months. Inherent seasonality in our business makes this measure more useful when comparing each quarter’s balance to the same quarter in prior years. Return on Average Common Equity (“ROCE”) ― calculated as actual net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders divided by average common stockholders' equity. ROCE is a capital profitability measure of how efficiently management creates profits. Total Insured Value ― represents the amount of insurance limits available on a policy for a single loss based on all policies active as of the reporting date. This measure assists management in measuring the level of insured exposure. Unearned Premiums ― represents the portion of direct premiums corresponding to the time period remaining on an insurance policy and available for future earning by the Company. Trends in unearned premiums generally indicate expansion, if growing, or contraction, if declining, which are important indicators to management. Inherent seasonality in our business makes this measure more useful when comparing each quarter’s balance to the same quarter in prior years. Weather events ― an estimate of losses and LAE from weather events occurring during the current accident year that exceed initial estimates of expected weather events when establishing the core loss ratio for each accident year. This metric informs management of factors impacting overall current year profitability. REINSURANCE Reinsurance enables our Insurance Entities to limit potential exposures to catastrophic events. Developing and implementing our reinsurance strategy to adequately protect our policyholders, balance sheet, and Insurance Entities in the event of one or more catastrophes while maintaining efficient reinsurance costs has been our key strategic priority. To limit the Insurance Entities’ potential exposure to catastrophic events, we purchase significant reinsurance from third-party reinsurers and the FHCF. The FLOIR requires the Insurance Entities, like all residential property insurance companies doing business in Florida, to have a certain amount of capital and reinsurance coverage to cover losses upon the occurrence of a single catastrophic event and a series of catastrophic events occurring in the same hurricane season. The Insurance Entities’ 2026-2027 catastrophic reinsurance program meets the FLOIR’s requirements, which are based on, among other things, successfully demonstrating cohesive and comprehensive reinsurance coverages that protect the policyholders of our Insurance Entities under a series of stress test catastrophe loss scenarios. Similarly, the Insurance Entities’ 2026-2027 catastrophic reinsurance programs meet the stress test and review requirements of Demotech, Inc., for maintaining Financial Stability Ratings® of “A” (Exceptional) and of Kroll for maintaining insurer financial strength rating of “A-”. We believe the Insurance Entities’ retention under the jointly shared reinsurance program is appropriate and structured to protect policyholders and the Insurance Entities’ capital structure. We test the sufficiency of the catastrophe reinsurance coverage by subjecting the Insurance Entities’ personal residential exposures to scenario testing using third-party catastrophe models. These models combine simulations of the natural occurrence patterns and characteristics of hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and other catastrophes with information on property values, construction types, and occupancy classes. These models’ outputs provide information concerning the potential for simulated large losses, which enables the Insurance Entities to limit the financial impact from catastrophic events. Refer to the risk factors disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors,” set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, for details of specific risks attributable to catastrophic losses and reinsurance. Effective June 1, 2026, the Insurance Entities entered into multiple reinsurance agreements comprising our 2026-2027 reinsurance program. See “Item 1—Note 4 (Reinsurance).” Insurance Entities 2026-2027 All States Reinsurance Program (“All States”) •First event All States combined retention of $45 million. •All States first event tower extends to $2.623 billion with no co-participation in any of the layers, no limitation on loss adjustment expenses and no accelerated deposit premiums. 32 Table of Contents •Assuming a first event completely exhausts the $2.623 billion tower, the second event exhaustion point would be $1.209 billion. •Full reinstatement is available on $1.098 billion of non-FHCF first event catastrophe coverage for guaranteed second event coverage. For all layers purchased between $45 million and the projected attachment point of the FHCF layer, to the extent that all of our coverage or a portion thereof is exhausted in a catastrophic event and reinstatement premium is due, we have purchased enough reinstatement premium protection (“RPP”) limit to pay the premium necessary for the reinstatement of these coverages or have secured a specific second event contract. •First event layer of 100% of $66 million in excess of $45 million is established by Universal Insurance Holdings, Inc (“UIH”) in captive insurance arrangement. See “Item 1—Note 14 (Variable Interest Entities).” •Specific second event private market excess of loss coverage of $66 million in excess of $45 million is sitting behind captive arrangement. •Specific third and fourth event private market catastrophe excess of loss coverage of $86 million in excess of $25 million provides frequency protection for multiple events during the treaty period including a $20 million reduction in retention for a third and fourth event. •For the FHCF Reimbursement Contracts effective June 1, 2026, both UPCIC and APPCIC have continued the election of the 90% coverage level. We estimate the total mandatory FHCF layer will provide approximately $1.39 billion of coverage for UPCIC, which inures to the benefit of the open market coverage secured from private reinsurers and we estimate the total mandatory FHCF layer will provide approximately $25.0 million of coverage for APPCIC, which inures to the benefit of the open market coverage secured from private reinsurers. •To further insulate for future years, UPCIC and APPCIC have secured $352 million of catastrophe capacity with contractually agreed limits that extend coverage to include the 2027-2028 treaty period, of which $277 million of the capacity sits below the FHCF layer. Reinsurers The table below provides the A.M. Best and S&P financial strength ratings for each of the largest rated third-party reinsurers in the Insurance Entities’ 2026-2027 reinsurance program: Reinsurer A.M. Best S&P Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (1) N/A N/A Various Lloyd’s of London Syndicates (2) A+ AA- DaVinci Reinsurance Ltd. A A+ Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd. A+ A+ Markel Bermuda Ltd. A A Everest Reinsurance Co. A+ A+ (1)No rating is available, because the fund is not rated. (2)The reinsurer is fully collateralized with a trust agreement. 33 Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION Results of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2026, or second quarter, are compared to the same period last year, unless stated otherwise Highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2026 •The Company delivered continued top-line growth in 2026, with direct premiums written increasing 4.1% year over year in the second quarter and 6% year to date. Growth was supported by management’s strategy to selectively expand the homeowners insurance book in Florida and other states where market conditions are improving or otherwise attractive, while maintaining underwriting discipline through risk selection, rate adequacy, product design, and targeted marketing initiatives. •As of June 30, 2026, total policies in force increased 62,028, or 7.1%, to 934,371, compared with June 30, 2025. The increase included 31,722 policies, or 5.7%, in Florida and 30,306 policies, or 9.7%, in other states. •Net investment income increased $2.96 million, or 17.1%, to $20.2 million in the second quarter of 2026, compared with $17.3 million in the second quarter of 2025, driven by higher book yields and increased invested assets. •The Insurance Entities secured their combined UPCIC and APPCIC 2026–27 catastrophe reinsurance program to manage catastrophe exposure across their homeowners insurance book and support continued underwriting capacity in Florida and other states. The program maintains continuity with historical reinsurance partners and includes no material changes to key terms or conditions. It provides a combined single-event All States reinsurance tower, including Florida, of $2.623 billion, an increase of approximately $50 million over the expiring program. In the second quarter of 2026, ceded written premium declined 12.1% to $612.6 million, from $696.8 million in the second quarter of 2025, reflecting lower reinsurance costs for June 1, 2026 through May 31, 2027 contract period. •On June 16, 2026, the Company issued and sold $100.0 million of 7.75% Senior Unsecured Notes due June 30, 2031 (the “2031 Notes”), and used the net proceeds to redeem its $100.0 million of 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due November 30, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). This refinancing extends the Company’s debt maturity profile to 2031, preserves financial flexibility, and supports its capital strategy to maintain liquidity, manage refinancing risk, and fund opportunities in an improving Florida homeowners’ market and across its multi-state platform. •In connection with its $100.0 million debt financing, KBRA assigned UVE a BBB issuer rating and a BBB long-term credit rating on its 2031 Notes, each with a Stable Outlook. These investment-grade ratings support the Company’s access to capital and reflect an independent assessment of UVE’s financial strength and credit profile. The 2031 Notes rank equally with UVE’s current and future senior unsecured indebtedness and remain structurally subordinated to policyholder obligations and other liabilities of UVE’s subsidiaries. •On May 29, 2026, the Company entered a committed, unsecured $50.0 million revolving credit facility with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., replacing its prior facility of the same size. The facility has been maintained since 2021 through annual 364-day renewal terms, with each renewal subject to customary annual review and adjustment. The current facility matures on May 28, 2027. The facility supports the Company’s capital strategy by providing committed liquidity and financial flexibility to manage working capital needs, support operating requirements, and pursue strategic opportunities across its homeowner’s insurance platform. •During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company repurchased 121,808 shares for $4.5 million at an average price of $37.19 per share. As of June 30, 2026, $8.6 million remains under the share repurchase plan, which expires January 8, 2028. •The combined ratio was 91.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 90.7% year to date, compared with 97.8% for the three months ended 2025 and 96.4% year to date as of June 30, 2025, reflecting operating improvements. •Book value per share was $22.89 at June 30, 2026, compared to $19.67 at December 31, 2025, an increase of 16.4%. •On April 10, 2026, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.16 per share of common stock, payable on May 15, 2026, to shareholders of record on May 8, 2026. •Demotech reaffirmed its A rating for UPCIC and APPCIC on June 19, 2026. 34 Table of Contents Results of Operations for the three months ending June 30, 2026, are compared to the same period last year, unless stated otherwise. Results of Operations—Three Months Ended June 30, 2026, Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 For the three months ended June 30, 2026, net income was $59.2 million compared to $35.1 million in 2025, with diluted EPS increasing to $2.04 from $1.21. Growth in premiums earned, net, investment income, and unrealized gains contributed to improved performance. Lower realized gains and commission revenue partially offset these increases. While losses and LAE costs were reduced, these were partially offset by increases in acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses. The net loss ratio declined to 64.8% from 72.3% in 2025, and the combined ratio was 91.6%, down from 97.8% in 2025. No catastrophe events or prior-year reserve developments occurred in either period. See the “Overview—Trends and Geographical Distribution—Florida Trends” section for more information. A detailed discussion of our results of operations follows in the table below (in thousands, except per share data). Three Months Ended June 30, Change 2026 2025 $ % REVENUES Direct premiums written $ 621,314 $ 596,720 $ 24,594 4.1 % Change in unearned premium (76,508) (73,295) (3,213) 4.4 % Direct premium earned 544,806 523,425 21,381 4.1 % Ceded premium earned (167,533) (163,232) (4,301) 2.6 % Premiums earned, net 377,273 360,193 17,080 4.7 % Net investment income 20,213 17,258 2,955 17.1 % Net realized gains (losses) on investments 1,257 5,280 (4,023) (76.2) % Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments 6,400 (6,061) 12,461 NM Commission revenue 13,780 15,854 (2,074) (13.1) % Policy fees 6,039 5,603 436 7.8 % Other revenue 2,071 2,014 57 2.8 % Total revenues 427,033 400,141 26,892 6.7 % OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES Losses and loss adjustment expenses 244,562 260,305 (15,743) (6.0) % Policy acquisition costs 68,067 61,878 6,189 10.0 % Other operating costs and expenses 32,794 29,964 2,830 9.4 % Total operating costs and expenses 345,423 352,147 (6,724) (1.9) % Interest and amortization of debt issuance costs 1,995 1,608 387 24.1 % INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES 79,615 46,386 33,229 71.6 % Income tax expense (benefit) 20,427 11,293 9,134 80.9 % NET INCOME (LOSS) $ 59,188 $ 35,093 $ 24,095 68.7 % Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (1,004) 10,290 (11,294) NM COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) $ 58,184 $ 45,383 $ 12,801 28.2 % DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE DATA: Diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 2.04 $ 1.21 $ 0.83 68.6 % Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 29,043 29,072 (29) (0.1) % NM – Not Meaningful 35 Table of Contents Premium Revenues The Company’s 2026 premium growth reflects management’s strategy to expand the homeowner’s insurance book in Florida and other states while responding to market conditions through targeted underwriting, product, rate, and marketing actions. In Florida, the Insurance Entities resumed writing new homeowners and dwelling business in most areas, introduced water damage coverage options, and filed for an overall 5.1% homeowners rate reduction, which helped improve competitiveness and supported new business production. Outside Florida, the Insurance Entities continued to pursue rate increases and refine coverage offerings to address inflation, claim cost trends, reinsurance costs, weather risk, and other market forces. Policies in force, premium in force, and total insured value increased year over year, reflecting organic growth, expanded marketing initiatives, new product offerings, and additional open territories. Management remains focused on disciplined growth, risk selection, geographic diversification, rate adequacy, and product design to support profitable expansion across the Company’s multi-state homeowner’s platform. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, direct premiums written totaled $621.3 million, representing an increase of $24.6 million or 4.1%. This growth was due to a $21.1 million, or 14.4%, increase from other states and a $3.5 million or 0.8%, increase in Florida compared to the same period in 2025. Direct premiums written have increased in 14 states we operate in since June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, policies in force rose by 62,028 or 7.1%, premium in force increased by $90.5 million or 4.3%, and total insured value grew by $39.6 billion or 10.5%, compared to June 30, 2025, as noted in the following table (in thousands, except policies in force data): June 30, Change 2026 2025 $ % Policies in Force 934,371 872,343 62,028 7.1 % Premiums in Force $ 2,204,705 $ 2,114,219 $ 90,486 4.3 % Total Insured Value $ 416,024,237 $ 376,427,554 $ 39,596,683 10.5 % Direct premiums earned increased $21.4 million, or 4.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the same period in 2025, primarily reflecting the recognition of premiums written over the applicable policy terms. Premiums are generally earned ratably over the policy coverage period, so changes in direct premiums earned reflect policies written in both the current and prior periods as coverage is provided. Policies in force were 934,371 on June 30, 2026, an increase of 38,444 or 4.3%, from 895,927 on December 31, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, we have policies in 19 states and are authorized to do business in Tennessee with a rate filing underway. Details on recent rate changes impacting premiums are discussed in “Overview—Trends and Geographical Distribution—Florida Trends.” Reinsurance Reinsurance is a critical component of the Company’s risk management, capital, and liquidity strategy, particularly for its catastrophe-exposed Florida homeowners business. The Insurance Entities use reinsurance to reduce exposure to hurricanes and other significant insured events, protect statutory capital, support policyholder obligations, and maintain underwriting capacity in Florida and other states. Because reinsurance is integral to managing catastrophe risk, changes in pricing, availability, coverage limits, retention levels, and program structure can materially affect the Company’s results of operations, financial ratios, statutory capital position, and ability to write business. Reinsurance costs are recognized ratably over the annual contract period from June 1 through May 31. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, ceded premiums earned increased $4.3 million, or 2.6%, compared with the same period in 2025. Ceded earned premiums represented 30.8% of direct earned premiums in 2026, compared with 31.2% in 2025. Second quarter results include ceded premiums earned from the 2025–26 reinsurance program, which concluded on May 31, 2026, as well as the initial ceded premiums earned under the new 2026–27 reinsurance program beginning June 1, 2026. On June 1, 2026, the Insurance Entities entered into the 2026–27 catastrophic reinsurance program with lower ceded written premium, under which ceded written premium declined 12.1% to $612.6 million from $696.8 million in the prior-year period. Because reinsurance costs are earned ratably over the June 1 through May 31 contract period, the majority of the benefit of the lower-cost 2026–27 reinsurance program is expected to be recognized in ceded premiums earned over future periods. The 2026–27 reinsurance program provides $2.623 billion of single-event All States catastrophe capacity, including Florida, an increase of approximately $50 million over the 2025–26 treaty period. The program also includes $352 million of forward catastrophe capacity extending into the 2027–28 treaty period, including $277 million below the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund layer. As of June 30, 2026, Florida represented less than 50% of the Company’s total insured value, reflecting management’s strategy to diversify catastrophe exposure by expanding the homeowners insurance book in other states while maintaining underwriting discipline in Florida. The Insurance Entities’ combined $45 million first-event statutory retention remained unchanged from the prior year. 36 Table of Contents Universal Insurance Holdings, Inc. (“UIH”) established a captive insurance arrangement to assume the first-event layer of $66 million in excess of the Insurance Entities’ $45 million retention as part of the 2026–27 reinsurance program. The captive is consolidated by UIH; therefore, premiums ceded to the captive and related recoveries are eliminated in UIH’s consolidated financial statements. Although the captive arrangement does not result in net ceded premium expense or reinsurance recoveries at the consolidated level, it allows the Company to retain a defined layer of catastrophe risk within the consolidated group. Management believes this structure supports the overall efficiency of the reinsurance program by helping align retained risk with the Company’s capital position, reduce reliance on third-party reinsurance for that layer, and preserve external reinsurance capacity for higher layers of catastrophe protection. See “Item 1—Note 14 (Variable Interest Entities).” Additional information regarding the Insurance Entities’ 2026–27 reinsurance program is provided in the preceding discussion and in “Item 1—Note 4 (Reinsurance).” Investment Results Net investment income was $20.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $17.3 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $3.0 million, or 17.1%. The increase was primarily driven by growth in average invested assets and higher average book yields, as operating cash flows and maturities were reinvested into securities with higher yields than the assets they replaced. The benefit was partially offset by lower yields on cash and cash equivalents compared with 2025, although higher cash balances in the 2026 period mitigated a portion of that decline. See “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for additional information regarding investment income. Net realized gains for the three months ended June 30, 2026 primarily reflected gains from net sales of equity securities. These gains were partially offset by net realized losses from sales of available-for-sale debt securities as the Company repositioned a portion of the fixed-income portfolio into longer-duration securities. The net change in unrealized gains and losses during the quarter primarily reflected increases in the fair value of equity securities held at June 30, 2026, together with the recognition in earnings of previously unrealized gains or losses on equity securities sold during the period. Changes in the fair value of fixed-maturity securities were primarily affected by interest rate movements, credit spreads, and portfolio duration. See “Analysis of Financial Condition” for additional information regarding changes in total invested assets during 2026. Commissions, Policy Fees and Other Revenue Commission revenue is generated when the Company places reinsurance coverage with traditional open-market third-party reinsurers and earns a brokerage commission on those placements. The Company does not earn commission revenue on premiums ceded to the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund because that coverage is provided through a state-sponsored program rather than through open-market reinsurance placements. Commission revenue is recognized ratably over the applicable reinsurance contract period, which generally runs from June 1 through May 31, as the related reinsurance coverage is provided. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, commission revenue was $13.8 million, compared with $15.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 13.1%. The decrease was primarily due to commissions earned in the prior-year period on reinstatement premiums related to Hurricanes Helene and Milton. Reinstatement premiums are additional reinsurance premiums that may be payable after catastrophe losses and are intended to restore or maintain reinsurance coverage under the applicable treaties. Because the Company did not earn comparable reinstatement premium commissions in the 2026 period, commission revenue decreased year over year. Commission revenue also declined modestly due to lower ceded written premium under the 2026–27 reinsurance program, as discussed below, which reduced the premium base on which related reinsurance brokerage commissions are earned. As discussed above, on June 1, 2026, the Insurance Entities entered into the 2026–27 reinsurance program with lower ceded written premium. Ceded written premium under the program decreased 12.1% year over year, reducing the premium base on which related reinsurance brokerage commissions are earned. As a result, the lower ceded premium volume under the 2026–27 reinsurance program is expected to reduce related commission revenue ratably over the remaining contract period from July 1, 2026 through May 31, 2027. Policy fee revenue represents managing general agent fees earned in connection with policies written in states where the Company is permitted to charge such fees. Policy fee revenue was $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared with $5.6 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $0.4 million, or 7.8%. The increase was primarily driven by policy growth and reflects the geographic mix of policies written in states where such fees are permitted. Other revenue primarily consists of policy installment fees collected by the Insurance Entities, premium financing revenue, and other revenue sources that are not individually material. Other revenue was $2.1 million for the three months ending June 30, 2026, compared with $2.0 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $0.1 million, or 2.8%. Operating Costs and Expenses Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses Net losses and loss adjustment expenses, after reinsurance recoveries and subrogation recoveries, were $244.6 million, resulting in a net loss ratio of 64.8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $260.3 million, or a net loss ratio of 72.3%, for the prior-year quarter. The decrease in the net loss ratio was primarily attributable to management’s current accident year loss 37 Table of Contents estimate, the absence of net prior-year reserve development and no catastrophe losses from new catastrophe events during either period. Management’s current accident year loss estimate reflects the Company’s estimate of ultimate losses for policies earned during the period. The current accident year loss estimate was lower than the comparable prior-year accident year estimate, reflecting approved rate actions, changes in business mix, recent loss experience and the expected continued emergence of benefits from Florida legislative reforms. The estimate also considers the expected geographic mix of business, inflationary trends, claim settlement patterns, loss adjustment expense trends and expected weather activity for the period. Weather-related loss activity was higher during 2026 than in the prior-year period, which benefited from unusually low weather-related claim frequency and severity. Although weather activity increased, losses remained within the range contemplated in management’s current accident year loss estimate. As a catastrophe-exposed homeowners insurer, the Company’s quarterly underwriting results may vary significantly based on the frequency and severity of hurricanes, tropical storms, convective storms and other weather events, including events that are retained below the Insurance Entities’ catastrophe reinsurance retention or that, in the aggregate, affect period-over-period comparability. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, there was no net prior-year reserve development on catastrophe or non-catastrophe losses, compared with $71 thousand the same period during 2025. Favorable or unfavorable prior-year reserve development may occur when actual claim settlements, case reserve development, loss adjustment expenses, litigation trends, inflation, building code changes or other loss cost trends differ from the assumptions used in establishing prior-period reserves. The Company has observed improvements in certain Florida loss trends following legislative reforms; however, ultimate losses on claims arising under policies issued before the reforms became effective remain subject to uncertainty. During 2026, the Company continued to settle catastrophe losses related to Hurricanes Debby, Helene and Milton, which occurred in 2024, as well as hurricanes from prior years. Reinsurance recoveries reduced the Company’s net exposure to losses from these prior hurricane events to amounts within the applicable retention limits. Legislation enacted in Florida in late 2022 has contributed to lower claim costs as the benefits of the reforms are increasingly reflected in policies issued or renewed after the effective dates of the legislation. The Company expects these benefits to continue to emerge over a multi-year period because certain reforms apply only to policies written or renewed after the applicable effective date. Claims not subject to the full effect of the legislative reforms continue to be adjusted, and the Company may continue to experience loss activity associated with those claims until they are fully resolved. Losses, net reflect our adjusting company's claim activities within our holding system for the Insurance Entities and reinsurers. The net pre-tax results adjust LAE in addition to what the Insurance Entities incur. Keeping claims and legal operations in-house—especially in Florida’s litigious environment—boosts efficiency and coordination, leading to cost savings after catastrophes. We maintain staffing to manage catastrophe-related claims and litigation; however, these resources offer minimal net benefits during normal operations. Profits from our claim adjusting company reduce consolidated losses and LAE, but for the quarter ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, there was no significant impact on consolidated results. Policy Acquisition Costs and Other Operating Costs and Expenses For the three months ended June 30, 2026, policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses were $100.9 million compared to $91.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as follows (dollars in thousands): June 30, Change 2026 2025 $ Ratio $ Ratio $ % Premiums earned, net $ 377,273 $ 360,193 $ 17,080 4.7 % Policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses: Policy acquisition costs 68,067 18.1 % 61,878 17.2 % 6,189 10.0 % Other operating costs and expenses 32,794 8.7 % 29,964 8.3 % 2,830 9.4 % Total policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses $ 100,861 26.8 % $ 91,842 25.5 % $ 9,019 9.8 % For the three months ended June 30, 2026, policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses increased by $9.0 million, compared with the same period in 2025, reflecting a $6.2 million increase in policy acquisition costs and a $2.8 million increase in other operating costs and expenses. The total expense ratio was 26.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to 25.5% for the same period in 2025. The increase in the expense ratio primarily reflected higher acquisition and operating expenses relative to net earned premiums. •Policy acquisition costs increased $6.2 million compared with the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher premium volume, which increased agent commissions and other acquisition-related costs. The increase also reflected continued premium growth outside Florida, where agent commission rates are generally higher than in Florida, and higher accruals 38 Table of Contents for expected agent bonus commissions in 2026. Policy acquisition costs represented 18.1% of net earned premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared with 17.2% for the same period in 2025. •Other operating costs and expenses increased by $2.8 million compared with the same period in 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher general operating expenses and compensation-related costs, including share-based compensation and estimated incentive compensation accruals. Other operating cost and expense ratio represented 8.7% of net earned premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared with 8.3% for the same period in 2025. Combined Ratio As a result of the trends discussed above for net premiums earned, losses and LAE and policy acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses, the combined ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2026, was 91.6% compared to 97.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Interest and Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs Interest and amortization of debt issuance costs were $2.0 million for three months ended June 30, 2026, and $1.6 million for the same period in 2025. The 2026 period included the effect of the June 2026 refinancing of the Company’s senior unsecured notes, including the write-off of $295 thousand in unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the redeemed 2026 Notes. The new 2031 Notes also carry a higher interest rate, which modestly increased interest expense after the debt issuance in June 2026. These increases were offset by lower interest expense earlier in the quarter before the refinancing. Income Tax Expense (Benefit) For the three months ended June 30, 2026, income tax expense was $20.4 million, compared with $11.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher pretax income in the 2026 period. The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 25.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared with 24.3% for the same period in 2025. See “Item 1—Note 9 (Income Taxes)” for a table of items reconciling statutory rates to the effective rate for 2026, and 2025. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive loss, net of tax, was $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared with other comprehensive income, net of tax, of $10.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The change primarily reflected after-tax unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities, partially offset by amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings upon the sale of available-for-sale debt securities. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are primarily affected by changes in market interest rates, credit spreads, and the remaining duration of the portfolio. During the 2026 period, changes in market prices resulted in lower fair values for certain available-for-sale debt securities. Although higher market interest rates may increase yields on new purchases and reinvested cash flows, they may also reduce the fair value of existing fixed-maturity securities before maturity. Absent credit-related impairment or sales before maturity, unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities generally are expected to decline as the securities approach maturity or par value. See “Item 1—Note 11 (Other Comprehensive Income (Loss))” for additional information regarding the components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, and “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for additional information regarding the Company’s investment portfolio. 39 Table of Contents Results of Operations for the six months ending June 30, 2026, are compared to the same period last year, unless stated otherwise. Results of Operations — Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Net income was $113.5 million for 2026, compared to net income of $76.5 million for 2025. Diluted earnings per share in 2026 were $3.93 compared to $2.64 in 2025. In 2026 there were increases in net premiums earned, investment income, and net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments. In 2026, the absence of hurricanes contributed to a reduction in losses and loss adjustment expense compared to 2025, when Hurricanes Debby and Helene impacted results. Additionally, in 2026 we had increased acquisition costs attributable to premium growth, as well as higher other operating expenses. The net loss ratio was 64.4% in 2026 compared to 71.4% in 2025, with the combined ratio at 90.7% for 2026 compared to 96.4% for 2025. A detailed discussion of our results of operations follows the table below (in thousands, except per share data). Six Months Ended June 30, Change 2026 2025 $ % REVENUES Direct premiums written $ 1,127,861 $ 1,063,798 $ 64,063 6.0 % Change in unearned premium (51,634) (27,116) (24,518) 90.4 % Direct premium earned 1,076,227 1,036,682 39,545 3.8 % Ceded premium earned (342,052) (320,768) (21,284) 6.6 % Premiums earned, net 734,175 715,914 18,261 2.6 % Net investment income 39,700 33,318 6,382 19.2 % Net realized gains (losses) on investments 1,991 5,266 (3,275) (62.2) % Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments 1,069 (6,051) 7,120 NM Commission revenue 28,511 32,129 (3,618) (11.3) % Policy fees 11,021 10,096 925 9.2 % Other revenue 4,131 4,336 (205) (4.7) % Total revenues 820,598 795,008 25,590 3.2 % OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES Losses and loss adjustment expenses 472,658 510,860 (38,202) (7.5) % Policy acquisition costs 132,540 122,452 10,088 8.2 % Other operating expenses 60,503 56,634 3,869 6.8 % Total operating costs and expenses 665,701 689,946 (24,245) (3.5) % Interest and amortization of debt issuance costs 3,590 3,220 370 11.5 % INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES 151,307 101,842 49,465 48.6 % Income tax expense (benefit) 37,828 25,310 12,518 49.5 % NET INCOME (LOSS) $ 113,479 $ 76,532 $ 36,947 48.3 % Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (9,369) 22,384 (31,753) NM COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) $ 104,110 $ 98,916 $ 5,194 5.3 % DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE DATA: Diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 3.93 $ 2.64 $ 1.29 48.9 % Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 28,901 28,977 (76) (0.3) % NM – Not Meaningful 40 Table of Contents Premium Revenues The Company’s 2026 premium growth reflects management’s strategy to expand the homeowner’s insurance book in Florida and other states while responding to market conditions through targeted underwriting, product, rate, and marketing actions. In Florida, the Insurance Entities resumed writing new homeowners and dwelling business in most areas, introduced water damage coverage options, and filed for an overall 5.1% homeowners rate reduction, which improved competitiveness and supported new business production. Outside Florida, the Insurance Entities continued to pursue rate increases and refine coverage offerings to address inflation, claim cost trends, reinsurance costs, weather risk, and other market forces. Policies in force, premium in force, and total insured value increased year over year, reflecting organic growth, expanded marketing initiatives, new product offerings, and additional open territories. Management remains focused on disciplined growth, risk selection, geographic diversification, rate adequacy, and product design to support profitable expansion across the Company’s multi-state homeowner’s platform. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, direct premiums written totaled $1,127.9 million, representing an increase of $64.1 million or 6.0%. This growth was due to a $43.7 million or 16.2%, increase from other states and a $20.3 million or 2.6% increase in Florida compared to the same period in 2025. As of June 30, 2026, policies in force rose by 62,028 or 7.1%, premium in force increased by $90.5 million or 4.3%, and total insured value grew by $39.6 billion or 10.5%, compared to June 30, 2025, as noted in the following table (in thousands, except policies in force data): June 30, Change 2026 2025 $ % Policies in Force 934,371 872,343 62,028 7.1 % Premiums in Force $ 2,204,705 $ 2,114,219 $ 90,486 4.3 % Total Insured Value $ 416,024,237 $ 376,427,554 $ 39,596,683 10.5 % Direct premium earned increased $39.5 million, or 3.8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the same period in 2025, primarily reflecting the recognition of premiums written over the applicable policy terms. Premiums are generally earned ratably over the policy coverage period, so changes in direct premium earned reflect policies written in both the current and prior periods as coverage is provided. Policies in force were 934,371 on June 30, 2026, an increase of 38,444 or 4.3%, from December 31, 2025. Direct premiums written have increased in 18 states we operate in since June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, we have policies in 19 states and are authorized to do business in Tennessee with a rate filing underway. Details on recent rate changes impacting premiums are discussed in “Overview—Trends and Geographical Distribution—Florida Trends.” Reinsurance Reinsurance is a critical component of the Company’s risk management, capital, and liquidity strategy, particularly for its catastrophe-exposed Florida homeowners business. The Insurance Entities use reinsurance to reduce exposure to hurricanes and other significant insured events, protect statutory capital, support policyholder obligations, and maintain underwriting capacity in Florida and other states. Because reinsurance is integral to managing catastrophe risk, changes in pricing, availability, coverage limits, retention levels, and program structure can materially affect the Company’s results of operations, financial ratios, statutory capital position, and ability to write business. Reinsurance costs are recognized ratably over the annual contract period from June 1 through May 31. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, ceded premiums earned increased $21.3 million, or 6.6%, compared with the same period in 2025. Ceded earned premiums represented 31.8% of direct earned premiums in 2026, compared with 30.9% in 2025. The six months ended June 30, 2026 results include ceded premiums earned from the 2025–26 reinsurance program, which concluded on May 31, 2026, as well as the initial ceded premiums earned under the new 2026–27 reinsurance program. On June 1, 2026, the Insurance Entities entered into the 2026–27 catastrophic reinsurance program with lower ceded written premium, under which ceded written premium declined 12.1% to $612.6 million from $696.8 million in the prior-year period. Because reinsurance costs are earned ratably over the June 1 through May 31 contract period, the benefit of the lower-cost 2026–27 program is expected to be recognized in ceded premiums earned over future periods. The 2026–27 reinsurance program provides $2.623 billion of single-event All States catastrophe capacity, including Florida, an increase of approximately $50 million over the 2025–26 treaty period. The program also includes $352 million of forward catastrophe capacity extending into the 2027–28 treaty period, including $277 million below the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund layer. As of June 30, 2026, Florida represented less than 50% of the Company’s total insured value, reflecting management’s strategy to diversify catastrophe exposure by expanding the homeowners insurance book in other states while maintaining underwriting discipline in Florida. The Insurance Entities’ combined $45 million first-event statutory retention remained unchanged from the prior year. 41 Table of Contents Universal Insurance Holdings, Inc. (“UIH”) established a captive insurance arrangement to assume the first-event layer of $66 million in excess of the Insurance Entities’ $45 million retention as part of the 2026–27 reinsurance program. The captive is consolidated by UIH; therefore, premiums ceded to the captive and related recoveries are eliminated in UIH’s consolidated financial statements. Although the captive arrangement does not result in net ceded premium expense or reinsurance recoveries at the consolidated level, it allows the Company to retain a defined layer of catastrophe risk within the consolidated group. Management believes this structure supports the overall efficiency of the reinsurance program by helping align retained risk with the Company’s capital position, reduce reliance on third-party reinsurance for that layer, and preserve external reinsurance capacity for higher layers of catastrophe protection. See “Item 1—Note 14 (Variable Interest Entities).” Additional information regarding the Insurance Entities’ 2026–27 reinsurance program is provided in the preceding discussion and in “Item 1—Note 4 (Reinsurance).” Investment Results Net investment income was $39.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $33.3 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $6.4 million, or 19.2%. The increase was primarily driven by growth in average invested assets and higher average book yields, as cash flows from operations and maturities were reinvested into securities with higher yields than the assets they replaced. Although yields on cash and cash equivalents were lower during the 2026 period, income from cash and cash equivalents increased overall because average cash balances were higher than in the prior-year period. See “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for additional information regarding investment income. Net realized gains for the six months ended June 30, 2026 primarily reflected gains from sales of equity securities. These gains were partially offset by realized losses of equity securities and realized losses from sales of fixed-maturity securities as the Company repositioned a portion of the fixed-income portfolio into longer-duration securities. The net change in unrealized gains and losses primarily reflected increases in the fair value of equity securities, together with the recognition in earnings of previously unrealized gains or losses on equity securities sold during the period. Changes in the fair value of fixed-maturity securities were primarily affected by interest rate movements, credit spreads, and portfolio duration. See “Analysis of Financial Condition” for additional information regarding changes in total invested assets during 2026, as well as “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments).” Commissions, Policy Fees and Other Revenue Commission revenue is generated when the Company places reinsurance coverage with traditional open-market third-party reinsurers and earns a brokerage commission on those placements. The Company does not earn commission revenue on premiums ceded to the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund because that coverage is provided through a state-sponsored program rather than through open-market reinsurance placements. Commission revenue is recognized ratably over the applicable reinsurance contract period, which generally runs from June 1 through May 31, as the related reinsurance coverage is provided. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, commission revenue was $28.5 million, compared with $32.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $3.6 million, or 11.3%. The decrease was primarily due to commissions earned in the prior-year period on reinstatement premiums related to Hurricanes Helene and Milton. Reinstatement premiums are additional reinsurance premiums that may be payable after catastrophe losses and are intended to restore or maintain reinsurance coverage under the applicable treaties. Because the Company did not earn comparable reinstatement premium commissions in the 2026 period, commission revenue decreased year over year. Commission revenue also declined modestly due to lower ceded written premium under the 2026–27 catastrophe reinsurance program, as discussed below, which reduced the premium base on which related reinsurance brokerage commissions are earned. As discussed above, on June 1, 2026, the Insurance Entities entered into the 2026–27 catastrophe reinsurance program with lower ceded written premium. Ceded written premium under the program decreased 12.1% year over year, reducing the premium base on which related reinsurance brokerage commissions are earned. As a result, the lower ceded premium volume under the 2026–27 program is expected to reduce related commission revenue recognized ratably over the remaining contract period from July 1, 2026 through May 31, 2027 contract period. Policy fee revenue represents managing general agent fees earned in connection with policies written in states where the Company is permitted to charge such fees. Policy fee revenue was $11.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with $10.1 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $0.9 million, or 9.2%. The increase was primarily driven by policy growth and the geographic mix of policies written in states where such fees are permitted. Other revenue primarily consists of policy installment fees collected by the Insurance Entities, premium financing revenue, and other revenue sources that are not individually material. Other revenue was $4.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with $4.3 million for the same period in 2025, a decrease of $0.2 million. Operating Costs and Expenses Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses Net losses and loss adjustment expenses, after reinsurance recoveries and subrogation recoveries, were $472.7 million, resulting in a net loss ratio of 64.4%, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $510.9 million, or a net loss ratio of 71.4%, for the prior-year period. The decrease in the net loss ratio was primarily attributable to management’s current accident year loss 42 Table of Contents estimate, the absence of net prior-year reserve development and no catastrophe losses from new catastrophe events during either period. Management’s current accident year loss estimate reflects the Company’s estimate of ultimate losses for policies earned during the period. The current accident year loss estimate was lower than the comparable prior-year accident year estimate, reflecting approved rate actions, changes in business mix, recent loss experience and the expected continued emergence of benefits from Florida legislative reforms. The estimate also considers the expected geographic mix of business, inflationary trends, claim settlement patterns, loss adjustment expense trends and expected weather activity for the period. Weather-related loss activity was higher during 2026 than in the prior-year period, which benefited from unusually low weather-related claim frequency and severity. Although weather activity increased, losses remained within the range contemplated in management’s current accident year loss estimate. As a catastrophe-exposed homeowners insurer, the Company’s quarterly underwriting results may vary significantly based on the frequency and severity of hurricanes, tropical storms, convective storms and other weather events, including events that are retained below the Insurance Entities’ catastrophe reinsurance retention or that, in the aggregate, affect period-over-period comparability. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, there was no net prior-year reserve development on catastrophe or non-catastrophe losses, compared with $71 thousand during the same period in 2025. Favorable or unfavorable prior-year reserve development may occur when actual claim settlements, case reserve development, loss adjustment expenses, litigation trends, inflation, building code changes or other loss cost trends differ from the assumptions used in establishing prior-period reserves. The Company has observed improvements in certain Florida loss trends following legislative reforms; however, ultimate losses on claims arising under policies issued before the reforms became effective remain subject to uncertainty. During 2026, the Company continued to settle catastrophe losses related to Hurricanes Debby, Helene and Milton, which occurred in 2024, as well as hurricanes from prior years. Reinsurance recoveries reduced the Company’s net exposure to losses from these prior hurricane events to amounts within the applicable retention limits. Legislation enacted in Florida in late 2022 has contributed to lower claim costs as the benefits of the reforms are increasingly reflected in policies issued or renewed after the effective dates of the legislation. The Company expects these benefits to continue to emerge over a multi-year period because certain reforms apply only to policies written or renewed after the applicable effective date. Claims not subject to the full effect of the legislative reforms continue to be adjusted, and the Company may continue to experience loss activity associated with those claims until they are fully resolved. Losses, net reflect our adjusting company's claim activities within our holding system for the Insurance Entities and reinsurers. The net pre-tax results adjust LAE in addition to what the Insurance Entities incur. Keeping claims and legal operations in-house—especially in Florida’s litigious environment—boosts efficiency and coordination, leading to cost savings after catastrophes. We maintain staffing to manage catastrophe-related claims and litigation; however, these resources offer minimal net benefits during normal operations. Profits from our claim adjusting company reduce consolidated losses and LAE, but for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, there was no significant impact on consolidated results. Policy Acquisition Costs and Other Operating Costs and Expenses For 2026, policy acquisition costs and other operating expenses were $193.0 million compared to $179.1 million during 2025, as follows (dollars in thousands): Six Months Ended June 30, Change 2026 2025 $ Ratio $ Ratio $ % Premiums earned, net $ 734,175 $ 715,914 $ 18,261 2.6 % Policy acquisition costs and other operating expenses: Policy acquisition costs 132,540 18.1 % 122,452 17.1 % 10,088 8.2 % Other operating expenses 60,503 8.2 % 56,634 7.9 % 3,869 6.8 % Total policy acquisition costs and other operating expenses $ 193,043 26.3 % $ 179,086 25.0 % $ 13,957 7.8 % For 2026, policy acquisition costs and other operating expenses increased by $14.0 million compared with 2025, reflecting a $10.1 million increase in policy acquisition costs and a $3.9 million increase in other operating costs and expenses. The total policy acquisition costs and other operating expense ratio was 26.3% for 2026 compared with 25.0% for 2025. •Policy acquisition costs increased $10.1 million compared with 2025, primarily due to higher policy volume which increased commissions earned by agents and other acquisition-related costs. The increase also reflected continued 43 Table of Contents premium growth outside Florida, where agent commission rates are generally higher than in Florida, as well as higher accruals for expected agent bonus commissions in 2026. •Other operating costs and expenses increased $3.9 million compared with 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher general operating expenses and compensation-related costs, including stock-based compensation and estimated incentive compensation accruals, partially offset by lower salary expense. Other operating costs and expenses represented 8.2% of net earned premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with 7.9%% for the same period in 2025. Combined Ratio As a result of the trends discussed above for losses and LAE and policy acquisition costs and other costs and operating expenses, the combined ratio for 2026 was 90.7% compared to 96.4% for 2025. Interest and Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs Interest and amortization of debt issuance costs were $3.6 million and $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The increase primarily reflected the June 2026 refinancing of the Company’s senior unsecured notes, including the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the redeemed 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026. The new 7.75% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2031 also carry a higher interest rate, which modestly increased interest expense for the period after the debt issuance in June 2026. Income Tax Expense (Benefit) For the six months ended June 30, 2026, income tax expense was $37.8 million, compared with $25.3 million for the six month ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher pretax income in the 2026 period. The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 25.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared with 24.9% for the same period in 2025. See “Item 1—Note 9 (Income Taxes)” for a table of items reconciling statutory rates to the effective rate for six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive loss, net of tax, was $9.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with other comprehensive income, net of tax, of $22.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The change primarily reflected after-tax unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities, partially offset by amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings upon the sale of available-for-sale debt securities. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are primarily affected by changes in market interest rates, credit spreads, and the remaining duration of the portfolio. During the 2026 period, changes in market prices resulted in lower fair values for certain available-for-sale debt securities. Although higher market interest rates may increase yields on new purchases and reinvested cash flows, they may also reduce the fair value of existing fixed-maturity securities before maturity. Absent credit-related impairment or sales before maturity, unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities generally are expected to decline as the securities approach maturity or par value. See “Item 1—Note 11 (Other Comprehensive Income (Loss))” for additional information regarding the components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, and “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for additional information regarding the Company’s investment portfolio. 44 Table of Contents Analysis of Financial Condition—As of June 30, 2026, compared to December 31, 2025 See “Item 1—Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” including “Note 3 (Investments)”, “Note 4 (Reinsurance)”, “Note 5 (Insurance Operations)”, “Note 6 (Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses)”, “Note 7 (Debt)”, “Note 8 (Stockholders’ Equity)”, and “Note 9 (Income Taxes)”, for additional information regarding the balances discussed below. Based on current expectations, we believe that cash flows from operations, together with available cash and invested assets, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating, working capital, debt service, regulatory capital and other liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months. Our liquidity needs may vary based on the timing and severity of claim payments, catastrophe activity, reinsurance recoveries, reinsurance premium payments, statutory capital requirements, and other operating and financing activities. We invest funds not required for near-term operating, claim payment or regulatory needs in accordance with our investment policy, with an emphasis on liquidity, preservation of capital and income generation. The following table summarizes, by type, the carrying values of investments as of the dates presented (in thousands): As of June 30, December 31, Type of Investment 2026 2025 Available-for-sale debt securities $ 1,506,146 $ 1,431,028 Equity securities 111,829 85,420 Other investments, at fair value 11,155 10,693 Investment in real estate, net 5,367 5,463 Total invested assets $ 1,634,497 $ 1,532,604 As of June 30, 2026, total invested assets were $1.63 billion, compared with $1.53 billion as of December 31, 2025. The increase primarily reflected the deployment of available cash into the investment portfolio and net investment income earned during the period, partially offset by changes in the fair value of investment securities. The carrying value of available-for-sale debt securities increased to $1.51 billion as of June 30, 2026, compared with $1.43 billion as of December 31, 2025. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale debt securities were primarily caused by market interest rates, credit spreads, portfolio duration and purchases of additional securities during the period. Cash and cash equivalents were $532.2 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with $408.9 million as of December 31, 2025, an increase of $123.3 million, or 30.2%. The increase primarily reflected the timing of operating cash flows, including premium collections, claim payments, reinsurance-related settlements and income tax payments, as well as the timing of investment purchases and maturities. The Company maintains cash and short-term investments to meet near-term liquidity needs, including loss and loss adjustment expense payments, reinsurance premiums, operating expenses, debt service, regulatory capital needs and planned investment deployment. For details, see “—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” See “Item 1—Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows” and “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for explanations on changes in investments. Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the unearned portion of ceded written premiums, that will be recognized as ceded premiums earned over the terms of the applicable reinsurance contracts. Prepaid reinsurance premiums increased to $562.1 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with $291.0 million as of December 31, 2025, primarily reflecting premiums ceded under the 2026-2027 catastrophe reinsurance program that became effective on June 1, 2026, partially offset by amortization of prepaid reinsurance premiums during the period. Reinsurance costs are recognized ratably over the related contract periods. See “Item 2—Reinsurance Program” for additional information. Reinsurance recoverables represent amounts recoverable from reinsurers for paid losses, unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, and other amounts due under the Company’s reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance recoverables decreased $56.0 million to $176.9 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to the settlement and collection of ceded paid loss recoverables related to Hurricanes Milton and Helene and other prior events during 2026. Management evaluates the collectability of reinsurance recoverables based on the financial condition of its reinsurers, payment history, collateral, and the terms of the applicable reinsurance contracts. Premiums receivable, net represent amounts billed or due from policyholders, net of applicable allowances. Premiums receivable, net increased $9.8 million to $85.5 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025, primarily reflecting higher written premium, policy growth, renewal timing, and policyholder billing and payment patterns, including the use of installment payment plans. The balance may fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of policy issuance and renewals, seasonal premium activity, and the collection of amounts billed to policyholders. Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DPAC”) represent incremental direct costs associated with successful policy acquisitions, primarily agent commissions, that are deferred and amortized as policy acquisition costs over the related policy terms. DPAC increased $6.7 million to $135.2 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025, primarily reflecting seasonal 45 Table of Contents written premium trends, higher policy volume, and changes in agent commission activity. See “Item 1—Note 5 (Insurance Operations)” for a roll-forward of the DPAC balance. Deferred income taxes represent the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets decreased by $13.4 million to $14.2 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to the tax effect of changes in temporary differences related to prepaid reinsurance premiums, which were affected by the June 1, 2026 annual renewal of the catastrophe reinsurance program. Because ceded reinsurance premiums are recognized ratably over the related reinsurance contract period for financial reporting purposes, while the related tax treatment differs, the June 1, 2026 renewal can create or reverse book-tax temporary differences that affect deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to reverse in future periods as the related book-tax temporary differences reverse. Other assets increased $7.8 million to $31.8 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher commission revenue receivable, prepaid expenses and accrued investment income. Commission revenue receivable is affected by the timing of reinsurance premium billing, settlements and related payments, as commission accruals generally correspond with the placement and settlement of the underlying reinsurance premiums. Prepaid expenses may fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of annual renewals, contractual payment dates and amortization of prepaid balances over the related service periods. As a result, certain seasonal prepaid expenses can increase unamortized balances at period end before being recognized as an expense in subsequent periods. Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) represent management’s estimate of the ultimate cost to settle reported claims, claims incurred but not reported, and related claim adjustment expenses. Unpaid losses and LAE decreased $47.1 million to $633.6 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to the settlement of catastrophe claims during the period, including claims related to Hurricanes Debby, Helene and Milton. Ordinary-course claim activity on current and prior accident year claims also contributed to changes in the balance. See “Item 1—Note 6 (Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses)” for a roll-forward of unpaid losses and LAE. Unearned premiums represent the portion of direct premiums written related to the unexpired portion of policy coverage and are recognized as premium revenue ratably over the remaining policy terms. Unearned premiums increased $51.6 million to $1.14 billion as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025, primarily due to higher direct premiums written and policy growth, as well as the timing of policy issuance and renewals. The balance may fluctuate from period to period based on seasonal written premium patterns and the timing of new and renewal business. Advance premium represents amounts received from policyholders or mortgage escrow servicers before the related policy effective date. These amounts are recorded as a liability until the policy becomes effective, at which time they are reclassified to unearned premiums and recognized as premium revenue ratably over the policy coverage period. Advance premiums increased $23.0 million to $84.9 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The increase primarily reflected the timing of policy issuance and renewals, higher premium volume, and the timing of payments from policyholders and mortgage escrow servicers. Reinsurance payable, net, represents amounts owed to reinsurers for ceded reinsurance premiums, reinstatement premiums and related reinsurance settlements. The Company’s catastrophe reinsurance program renews annually on June 1, at which time the estimated annual cost of the program is recorded as ceded written premium and a corresponding reinsurance payable. The payable is reduced as scheduled premium installments are paid over the June 1 through May 31 contract period and may be adjusted during the year for premium changes, reinstatement premiums, commutations or additional reinsurance placements. Reinsurance payable, net increased $370.5 million to $627.8 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The increase primarily reflected amounts recorded in connection with the June 1, 2026 renewal of the 2026–27 catastrophe reinsurance program, partially offset by scheduled installment payments made during the period, including payments under the expiring 2025–26 catastrophe reinsurance program. See “Item 1—Note 4 (Reinsurance)” for additional information regarding reinsurance activity and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information regarding the timing of reinsurance premium installment payments. Commission payable represents amounts owed to agents for commissions on new and renewal policies written, including accrued estimated bonus commissions. Commission payable increased $7.1 million to $33.4 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The increase primarily reflected higher direct premiums written, the timing of policy issuance and renewals, and seasonality in written premium activity during the period. The Company’s higher annual agent bonus commission accrual for 2026 also contributed to the increased in the balance. Commission payable may fluctuate from period to period based on premium volume, geographic mix, commission rates, bonus commission accruals, and the timing of commission payments. See “Item 1—Note 5 (Insurance Operations)” for additional information regarding policy acquisition costs and related commission activity. Income taxes payable or recoverable represent the net amount of current income taxes owed to, or refundable from, taxing authorities after considering estimated tax payments, refunds, overpayments and other current tax receivables. As of June 30, 2026, the Company had income taxes recoverable of $16.4 million, compared with income taxes payable of $28.6 million as of December 31, 2025. The change from a payable position to a recoverable position primarily reflected the balance of prior-year income tax liabilities and estimated tax payments made during the six months ended June 30, 2026 that exceeded current income tax obligations recognized for the period. Other liabilities and accrued expenses increased $6.4 million to $47.9 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to unsettled securities transactions and higher general operating expense accruals, 46 Table of Contents including the timing of expense recognition, vendor invoices and related payments. The balance may fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of investment trade settlements, operating expense accruals and vendor payment cycles. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company issued the 2031 Notes and used the net proceeds, together with available cash if applicable, to redeem its 2026 Notes. The refinancing extended the Company’s debt maturity profile to 2031 and replaced near-term debt maturities with longer-term financing. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt Financing” for additional information. Changes in stockholders’ equity during 2026 primarily reflected net income, other comprehensive income or loss, share-based compensation activity, common stock repurchases and dividends declared or paid during the period. See “Item 1—Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity”, “Item 1—Note 8 (Stockholders’ Equity)” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Share Repurchases” for additional information regarding equity activity during the period. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Liquidity Liquidity represents the Company’s ability to generate and maintain sufficient cash and available capital to meet its operating and financing obligations. The Company’s liquidity needs are primarily driven by the timing and severity of claim payments, catastrophe activity, reinsurance premium payments and recoveries, operating expenses, debt service, regulatory capital requirements, statutory capital and surplus requirements, and capital management activities. The Company’s principal sources of liquidity include cash flows from operations, available cash and cash equivalents, investment maturities and sales, reinsurance recoveries and available borrowing capacity. Based on current expectations, the Company believes these sources will be sufficient to meet its anticipated liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months and to support its currently anticipated longer-term cash requirements. There were no material changes to the Company’s material cash requirements from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, except for the debt refinancing and reinsurance premium obligations discussed below. Cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, were $532.2 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with $408.9 million as of December 31, 2025. The increase primarily reflected cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by cash used in investing and financing activities. The Company’s cash balances may fluctuate significantly during the year based on the timing of premium collections, claim and loss adjustment expense payments, reinsurance recoveries, income tax payments, investment purchases and maturities, debt service, capital management activities and scheduled reinsurance premium payments. Reinsurance premium payments represent a significant use of liquidity and are generally paid in installments over the June 1 through May 31 reinsurance contract period. Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund premiums are paid in three installments on August 1, October 1 and December 1, and third-party reinsurance premiums generally are paid in four installments on July 1, October 1, January 1 and April 1. As a result, the timing of these installment payments can affect cash balances and operating cash flows between reporting periods. See “Item 1—Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows” for a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and “Item 1—Note 12 (Commitments and Contingencies)” and “Material Cash Requirements” for additional information regarding reinsurance premium obligations and other liquidity requirements. Material cash requirements include reinsurance premium installments, claim and loss adjustment expense payments, operating expenses, debt service, income and premium taxes, regulatory assessments, dividends and share repurchases if declared or authorized, and capital contributions or surplus note funding if needed. The timing and amount of these requirements may vary based on catastrophe activity, claim settlement patterns, reinsurance program structure, investment activity, regulatory capital needs and capital management decisions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents were $68.6 million as of June 30, 2026, compared with $69.0 million as of December 31, 2025. Restricted cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of amounts deposited with regulatory agencies in states where the Insurance Entities conduct business and amounts held in trust related to the Company’s captive reinsurance arrangement. These amounts are restricted as to use and are not available for general corporate purposes. See “Item 1—Note 5 (Insurance Operations)” and “Item 1—Note 14 (Variable Interest Entities)” for additional information regarding the captive reinsurance arrangement. Liquidity is required at the holding company level to fund general operating expenses, debt service, tax obligations, shareholder dividends if declared by the Board of Directors, common stock repurchases if authorized by the Board of Directors, capital contributions or surplus note contributions to subsidiaries, and other corporate needs. Holding company liquidity may also be used to provide support to the Insurance Entities, if needed, subject to regulatory and capital considerations. The holding company’s principal sources of liquidity include dividends and other distributions from non-insurance service subsidiaries, income from brokerage commissions earned on reinsurance placements, policy fees, investment income, available cash and investments, and access to external capital or credit facilities. The holding company may also receive interest payments on surplus notes issued by the Insurance Entities, subject to the approval of the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (“FLOIR”). The holding company has surplus note arrangements with the Insurance Entities that were approved by FLOIR, effective in 2021 for UPCIC and 2022 for APPCIC. Surplus notes are unsecured obligations of the Insurance Entities that are subordinated to 47 Table of Contents policyholder and creditor claims. Principal and interest payments on the surplus notes may be made only with FLOIR approval. Although the surplus notes function similarly to debt instruments, they are treated as statutory surplus of the issuing Insurance Entities for statutory accounting purposes. As of June 30, 2026, the Insurance Entities had outstanding surplus notes and accrued interest payable to the holding company of $194.5 million. Interest accrues at a variable rate that resets annually and is currently 10.93% for 2026, subject to FLOIR approval for payment. The declaration and payment of shareholder dividends and any repurchases of common stock are at the discretion of the Board of Directors and depend on, among other factors, operating results, financial condition, debt covenants, capital needs, regulatory requirements and other restrictions. The ability of the Insurance Entities to pay dividends or otherwise provide funds to their parent is subject to regulatory limitations and approval requirements. See “Item 1—Note 5 (Insurance Operations),” “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” and “Item 1—Note 8 (Stockholders’ Equity)” for additional information regarding dividend limitations, debt obligations, dividends and share repurchases. The Insurance Entities are required to maintain statutory capital and surplus at levels prescribed by applicable insurance regulators. These requirements may affect the amount and timing of dividends, surplus note payments or other distributions to the holding company. Dividends from the Insurance Entities to Protection Solutions, Inc. (“PSI”) are subject to regulatory limitations and, in certain circumstances, prior approval by the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (“FLOIR”). Under Florida law, dividends may be paid only from accumulated unassigned funds derived from net operating profits and net realized capital gains. In addition, the maximum amount that may be paid by the Insurance Entities without prior FLOIR approval is limited to the lesser of statutory net income from operations for the preceding calendar year or statutory unassigned surplus as of the preceding year end, subject to available accumulated unassigned funds. No dividends were paid by the Insurance Entities to PSI during the six months ended June 30, 2026 or the year ended December 31, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, UPCIC did not have ordinary dividend capacity under Florida law, while APPCIC met the regulatory threshold but did not declare or pay a dividend. See “Item 1—Note 5 (Insurance Operations)” for additional information regarding dividend limitations applicable to the Insurance Entities. On June 16, 2026, the Company issued the 2031 Notes. The Company used the net proceeds to redeem its 2026 Notes and for general corporate purposes. The refinancing extended the Company’s debt maturity profile to 2031 and replaced near-term debt maturities with longer-term financing. The higher coupon on the 2031 Notes is expected to increase future cash interest payments compared with the redeemed 2026 Notes. The Company also maintains an unsecured revolving credit facility that may be used, if needed, as an additional source of liquidity. As of June 30, 2026, no amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility, and $50.0 million was available, subject to the terms and conditions of the facility. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” for additional information regarding the senior unsecured notes and revolving credit facility. Liquidity for the Insurance Entities is primarily required to pay claims and loss adjustment expenses, including catastrophe losses net of amounts recoverable under reinsurance agreements, reinsurance premiums, agent commissions, affiliate service fees, premium and income taxes, regulatory assessments, operating expenses and debt service, if applicable. The Insurance Entities’ principal sources of liquidity include premium collections, investment income and maturities, reinsurance recoveries, financing fees and available cash and invested assets. The timing of these cash inflows and outflows may vary significantly based on premium billing and collection patterns, claim payment activity, catastrophe events, reinsurance premium installment schedules and the timing of reinsurance recoveries. Our insurance operations provide liquidity because premiums are generally collected before related losses are paid. In the event of a catastrophe, claim payments may accelerate and exceed ordinary-course liquidity needs. Certain reinsurance agreements provide for cash advances or similar provisions under which reinsurers may advance amounts recoverable under the applicable reinsurance contracts, which can provide additional liquidity during the claim settlement process. The timing and amount of such advances depend on the terms of the applicable reinsurance agreements and the submission and approval of recoverable claims. The Insurance Entities also maintain substantial investments in highly liquid, marketable securities that may be used as an additional source of liquidity, subject to market conditions and regulatory requirements. The average credit rating of the Company’s investment portfolio was A+ as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Credit ratings, which are provided by nationally recognized rating agencies, are one measure management uses to evaluate credit risk within the investment portfolio. Management maintains investment guidelines that address minimum credit quality, portfolio diversification, liquidity and duration. The duration of the Company’s available-for-sale securities was 3.8 years as of June 30, 2026, compared with 3.6 years as of December 31, 2025. Duration measures the sensitivity of fixed-income securities to changes in interest rates and is used by management to monitor interest rate risk and the liquidity profile of the portfolio. The Insurance Entities remain responsible for losses from catastrophic events that are retained under their reinsurance programs, losses in excess of applicable reinsurance coverage limits, losses not covered by reinsurance, and amounts that may not be recovered if a reinsurer fails to perform under its contractual obligations. Catastrophe losses, delayed reinsurance recoveries or reinsurer defaults could adversely affect the Insurance Entities’ liquidity, statutory capital, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for additional information regarding the investment portfolio and “Item 1—Note 4 (Reinsurance)” for additional information regarding the reinsurance program and reinsurance recoverable. 48 Table of Contents Capital Resources Capital resources provide protection for policyholders, furnish the financial strength to support the business of underwriting insurance risks and facilitate continued business growth. The following table provides our stockholders’ equity, total debt, total capital resources, debt-to-total capital ratio and debt-to-equity ratio as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands): As of June 30, December 31, 2026 2025 Stockholders’ equity $ 637,155 $ 551,035 Total debt 97,852 100,481 Total capital resources $ 735,007 $ 651,516 Debt-to-total capital ratio 13.3 % 15.4 % Debt-to-equity ratio 15.4 % 18.2 % Capital resources, net increased by $83.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, reflecting a net increase in total stockholders’ equity, partially offset by a decline in debt. The change in stockholders’ equity was the result of our net income in the six months ended June 30, 2026, offset by our treasury share purchases and dividends to shareholders. The change in accumulated other comprehensive loss was the result of an increase in unrealized losses in our debt securities portfolio. See the “Item 1—Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity” and “Item 1—Note 8 (Stockholders’ Equity)” for an explanation of changes in treasury stock. The reduction in debt during 2026 was primarily the result of principal payments on debt of $0.7 million and new debt issuance costs of $2.5 million on the 2031 Notes, offset by amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.6 million on our 2026 Notes. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” for more information. Additional paid-in-capital increased by $3.0 million, primarily due to $4.9 million of share-based compensation expense and stock options exercises of $3.2 million, offset by $5.1 million of treasury share repurchases and common stock value acquired and cancelled through withholdings for the intrinsic value and tax liabilities upon exercise of stock options and tax withholdings on performance share units and restricted stock units vested for share-based payment transactions for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The debt-to-total capital ratio is total debt divided by total capital resources, whereas the debt-to-equity ratio is total debt divided by stockholders’ equity. These ratios help management measure the amount of financing leverage in place in relation to equity and future leverage capacity. Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility As discussed in “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt),” the Company entered into a committed and unsecured $50.0 million revolving credit facility with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., which replaced the Company’s prior $50.0 million revolving credit facility with the same lender. As of June 30, 2026, no amounts were outstanding under the facility, and $50.0 million was available, subject to the terms and conditions of the facility. The Company pays an annual commitment of 0.375% on the unused portion of the commitment. Borrowings under the facility mature on May 28, 2027, and bear interest at the prime rate plus 2.0%. The facility is subject to annual renewals and contains customary financial and other covenants. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of June 30, 2026. Debt On June 16, 2026, the Company issued the 2031 Notes. On June 17, 2026, the Company used the net proceeds to redeem the full $100.0 million principal amount of the 2026 Notes, including accrued and unpaid interest. The refinancing extended the Company’s debt maturity profile to 2031 and eliminated the near-term maturity of the 2026 Notes. The higher coupon on the 2031 Notes is expected to increase future cash interest payments compared with the redeemed 2026 Notes. Interest on the 2031 Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on June 30 and December 30, beginning December 30, 2026. The Company may redeem the 2031 Notes, in whole or in part, at specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest. As of June 30, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants, including financial covenants. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” for additional information. In addition to the debt refinancing, the Company maintains a committed, unsecured $50.0 million revolving credit facility as an additional source of liquidity. As of June 30, 2026, no amounts were outstanding under the facility, and the full $50.0 million was available, subject to the terms and conditions of the facility. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” for additional information regarding the Company’s senior unsecured notes and revolving credit facility. UPCIC has a surplus note outstanding with the State Board of Administration of Florida under Florida’s Insurance Capital Build-Up Incentive Program. The outstanding balance was $0.4 million as of June 30, 2026. The surplus note has a 20-year term and bears interest based on the 10-year Constant Maturity Treasury Index, with principal and interest payable in accordance with the terms of the note and applicable regulatory requirements. As of June 30, 2026, UPCIC was in compliance with the terms of the 49 Table of Contents surplus note and related covenants. Total adjusted capital and surplus, including the surplus note, exceeded applicable regulatory requirements for both UPCIC and APPCIC. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt)” for additional information. In addition to liquidity generated from operations, the Company maintains an investment portfolio primarily composed of high-quality fixed-income and equity securities. The investment portfolio is managed to support liquidity, preserve capital and generate investment income while considering claim payment obligations, catastrophe exposure, reinsurance payment timing, regulatory requirements and overall capital needs. Operating cash flows, investment maturities and sales of marketable securities provide additional sources of liquidity to meet the Company’s operating and financing requirements. See “Item 1—Note 3 (Investments)” for additional information regarding the investment portfolio. Looking Forward We continue to monitor financial and operating metrics that may affect our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources, including claim frequency and severity, catastrophe activity, reinsurance pricing and availability, inflationary pressures, litigation trends, regulatory developments, investment market conditions and policy growth in Florida and other states. Although we have not experienced a material adverse effect on our operations, liquidity or capital resources to date, conditions remain subject to change based on economic, regulatory, weather-related and insurance market developments and their impact on the Company. For additional information regarding Florida market conditions and related management actions, see “Overview—Trends and Geographical Distribution—Florida Trends.” See also “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of risks that could affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Common Stock Repurchases We may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time under authorized share repurchase programs at the discretion of management and the Board of Directors. The timing and amount of any repurchases depend on, among other factors, the Company’s capital needs, financial condition, available liquidity, regulatory considerations, debt covenant requirements, market price of the Company’s common stock, and general market conditions. Repurchases may be funded with available cash and cash flows from operations. On January 7, 2026, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock through January 8, 2028 (the “January 2028 Share Repurchase Program”). During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company repurchased 121,808 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of approximately $4.5 million. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $8.6 million remained available for repurchase under the January 2028 Share Repurchase Program. See “Part II—Item 2—Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds” for share repurchase activity during the three months ended June 30, 2026. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. For information regarding contractual commitments entered into in the ordinary course of business, including reinsurance commitments that do not constitute off-balance sheet arrangements see “Item 1—Note 12 (Commitments and Contingencies)” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Material Cash Requirements.” Cash Dividends The following table summarizes the dividends declared and paid by the Company during the six months ended June 30, 2026: 2026 Dividend Declared Date Shareholders Record Date Dividend Payable Date Cash Dividend Per Common Share Amount First Quarter February 4, 2026 March 6, 2026 March 13, 2026 $ 0.16 Second Quarter April 10, 2026 May 8, 2026 May 15, 2026 $ 0.16 50 Table of Contents Material Cash Requirements The following table represents our material cash requirements for which cash flows are fixed or determinable as of June 30, 2026 (in thousands): Total Next 12 Months Beyond 12 Months Reinsurance payable and multi-year commitments (1) $ 779,092 $ 627,776 $ 151,316 Unpaid losses and LAE, direct (2) 633,613 325,678 307,935 Debt (3) 139,122 8,122 131,000 Total material cash requirements $ 1,551,827 $ 961,576 $ 590,251 (1)The amount represents the payment of reinsurance premiums payable under multi-year commitments. See “Item 1—Note 12 (Commitments and Contingencies).” (2)There are generally no notional or stated amounts related to unpaid losses and LAE. Both the amounts and timing of future loss and LAE payments are estimates and subject to the inherent variability of legal and market conditions affecting the obligations and make the timing of cash outflows uncertain. The ultimate amount and timing of unpaid losses and LAE could differ materially from the amounts in the table above. Further, the unpaid losses and LAE do not represent all the obligations that will arise under the contracts, but rather only the estimated liability incurred through June 30, 2026. Unpaid losses and LAE are net of estimated subrogation recoveries. In addition, these balances exclude amounts recoverable from our reinsurance program. See “Item 1—Note 4 (Reinsurance)” and “—Note 6 (Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses).” (3)Debt consists of a Surplus note and 7.75% Senior unsecured notes. See “Item 1—Note 7 (Debt).” ARRANGEMENTS WITH VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES The Company participates in a captive reinsurance arrangement through a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that assumes a defined layer of catastrophe risk as part of the Company’s catastrophe reinsurance program. The Company consolidates the VIE because it is the primary beneficiary. Because the VIE is consolidated, premiums ceded to the captive, related recoveries and intercompany balances are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information, see “Item 1—Note 14 (Variable Interest Entities).” CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES There have been no material changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the Company’s Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates previously disclosed in “Part II, Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company continues to evaluate its estimates and assumptions based on current facts and circumstances.