Foreign currency exchange risk Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro, Japanese Yen, Canadian Dollar, Great British Pound Sterling, and Chinese Yuan, and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For the six months ended July 31, 2026, about 83% of our revenues and about 80% of our expenses were denominated in USD. We have also experienced and will continue to experience foreign currency fluctuations due to the periodic re-measurement of monetary account balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded and such fluctuations can impact our net income. We engage in the hedging of our foreign currency transactions as described in note 6 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements and may, in the future, hedge selected significant transactions or net monetary exposure positions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses were immaterial for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2026 and 2025. Interest rate sensitivity We had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaling $7.2 billion as of July 31, 2026. This amount was held primarily in demand deposit accounts, money market funds, corporate notes and bonds, and U.S. treasury securities. The cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes and other operational activities. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our cash equivalents and our portfolio of marketable securities are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates, which could affect our results of operations. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. However, because we classify our marketable securities as “available for sale,” no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value require the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. Our fixed-income portfolio is subject to interest rate risk. An immediate increase of 100-basis points in interest rates would have resulted in a $104 million market value reduction in our investment portfolio as of July 31, 2026. An immediate decrease of 100-basis points in interest rates would have increased the market value by $107 million as of July 31, 2026. This estimate is based on a sensitivity model that measures market value changes when changes in interest rates occur. Fluctuations in the value of our investment securities caused by a change in interest rates (gains or losses on the carrying value) are recorded in other comprehensive income, and are realized only if we sell the underlying securities. 30 Veeva Systems Inc. | Form 10-Q Table of Contents