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Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Zillow Group, Inc. · 10-Q · Q2 FY2026 · Period ended Jun 30, 2026
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We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily consist of fluctuations in interest rates.
Interest Rate Risk
Under our current investment policy, we invest our excess cash in money market funds, U.S. government treasury securities, investment grade corporate securities, U.S. government agency securities and commercial paper. Our current investment policy seeks first to preserve capital, second to provide sufficient liquidity for our operating and capital needs and third to maximize yield.
Our short-term investments are exposed to market risk due to the fluctuation of prevailing interest rates that may reduce the yield on our investments or their fair value. For our investment portfolio, we do not believe an immediate 10% increase in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio.
We are also subject to market risk which may impact our mortgage loan origination volume and associated revenue and the net interest margin derived from borrowings under our master repurchase agreements that provide capital for Zillow Home Loans. Market risk occurs in periods where changes in short-term interest rates result in mortgage loans being originated with terms that provide a smaller interest rate spread above the financing terms of our master repurchase agreements, which can negatively impact our results of operations. This risk is primarily mitigated through the expedited sale of our loans. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $465 million and $364 million, respectively, of outstanding borrowings on our master repurchase agreements which bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR plus an applicable margin, as defined by the governing agreements. We manage the interest rate risk associated with our mortgage loan origination services through the use of forward sales of MBSs and mandatory loan commitments. Assuming no change in the outstanding borrowings on the master repurchase agreements, we estimate that a one percentage point increase in SOFR would not have a material effect on our interest expense associated with the master repurchase agreements for the three months ended June 30, 2026.
On January 30, 2026, Zillow Group entered into a $500 million Revolving Credit Facility, which may be increased by up to an additional $250 million subject to the terms of the credit agreement. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a floating rate based on either an alternative base rate, as defined in the credit agreement, or SOFR, in each case plus an applicable margin, determined by Zillow Group’s total net leverage ratio. The facility matures on January 30, 2031. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility; however, future borrowings would expose us to additional market risk.
For additional details related to our master repurchase agreements and Revolving Credit Facility, see Note 6 to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Inflation Risk
The macroeconomic environment in the United States has experienced, and continues to experience, inflationary pressures. These pressures may escalate due to geopolitical developments or changes in federal policy, including proposed or newly implemented tariffs. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of these inflationary pressures on our business, we believe these effects have been pervasive throughout our business during the past several years. During this time, ongoing inflationary pressures in the United States have led to increases in the federal funds rate. These increases have impacted other market rates derived from this benchmark rate, including mortgage interest rates. The persistently high mortgage interest rates across the industry relative to recent years has impacted the number of transactions consumers complete using our products and services and the demand for our advertising services and mortgage origination offerings and, in turn, had an adverse impact on our revenue.
If inflationary pressures persist, our costs, in particular labor, marketing and hosting costs, may increase and we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. In addition, uncertain or changing economic and market conditions, including inflation or deflation, may continue to affect demand for our products and services and the housing markets in which we operate. Our inability or failure to quickly respond to inflation could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We cannot predict the duration or magnitude of these inflationary pressures, or how they may change over time, but we expect to see continued impacts on the residential real estate industry, our customers and our company. Despite these near-term effects, we do not expect these inflationary pressures to have a material impact on our ability to execute our long-term business strategy.
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Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We do not believe that foreign currency exchange risk has had a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. As we do not currently have a significant exposure to foreign operations, we do not believe an immediate 10% increase or decrease in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar would have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. However, as our operations expand, a greater portion of our operating expenses may be denominated in foreign currencies, and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could increase our operating costs or adversely affect our results of operations.
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