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Item 11 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Frontline Plc · 20-F · FY 2025 · Period ended Dec 31, 2025
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Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through its floating-rate borrowings that require the Company to make interest payments based on SOFR. Significant increases in interest rates could adversely affect operating margins, results of operations and ability to service debt. The Company uses interest rate swaps to reduce its exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates. The principal objective of these contracts is to minimize the risks and costs associated with its floating-rate debt. The Company is exposed to the risk of credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to the interest rate swap agreements.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s outstanding debt which was at variable interest rates, net of the amount subject to interest rate swap agreements, was $2,691.9 million. Based on this, a one percentage point increase in annual SOFR interest rates would increase its annual interest expense by approximately $26.9 million, excluding the effects of capitalization of interest.
Foreign Currency Risk
The majority of the Company’s transactions, assets and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars, its functional currency. Certain of its subsidiaries report in British pounds, Norwegian kroner or Singapore dollars and risks of two kinds arise as a result: a transaction risk, that is, the risk that currency fluctuations will have an effect on the value of cash flows; and a translation risk, which is the impact of currency fluctuations in the translation of foreign operations and foreign assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars in the consolidated financial statements.
Inflation
Significant global inflationary pressures (such as the war between Russia and the Ukraine) increase operating, voyage, general and administrative, and financing costs. Historically, shipping companies are accustomed to navigating in shipping downturns, coping with inflationary pressures and monitoring costs to preserve liquidity, as they typically encourage suppliers and service providers to lower rates and prices.
Price Risk
Our exposure to equity securities price risk arises from marketable securities held by the Company which are listed equity securities and are carried at FVTPL unless the election to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in OCI is made.
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Interest Rate Swap Agreements
In February 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with DNB whereby the floating interest on notional debt of $150.0 million was switched to fixed rate. The contract had a forward start date of February 2019. In the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into three interest rate swaps with DNB whereby the floating interest rate on notional debt totaling $250.0 million was switched to a fixed rate. The aggregate fair value of these swaps at December 31, 2025 was an asset of $9.0 million (2024: $24.4 million) and a liability of nil (2024: nil). The fair value (Level 2) of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the agreements at the reporting date, taking into account, as applicable, fixed interest rates on interest rate swaps, current interest rates, forward rate curves and the current credit worthiness of both the Company and the derivative counterparty. The estimated fair value is the present value of future cash flows. The Company recorded a loss on these interest rate swaps of $0.8 million in 2025 (2024: gain of $9.2 million).