4.A HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORANGE ​ The information required by this section is set forth as follows in the 2023 Universal Registration Document filed as Exhibit 15.1 of this document: − the introduction to Section 1.1 Overview, − Section 7.1 Company identification, − Section 1.1.3 History, − Section 3.1.2.5 Group capital expenditure, which are incorporated in this section by reference. For a discussion on significant divestitures, see also Note 3 Gains and losses on disposal and main changes in scope of consolidation to the Consolidated Financial Statements. A discussion of the Company’s principal capital expenditures and divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2021 are included in Section 3.1.2.5 Group capital expenditure of the Universal Registration Document filed as Exhibit 15.1 of the Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2023 and incorporated in Part I, Item 4.A (History and Development of Orange) thereof. Agent in the United States: Orange Participations U.S. Inc., 13865 Sunrise Valley Drive, Coppermine Commons Bldg. 2, Suite 425, Herndon, VA 20171-6190. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov). Orange also maintains a website at www.orange.com. For the avoidance of doubt, the information available on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Form 20-F. 2023 Form 20-F / ORANGE – 17 ​ Table of Contents ​ 4.B BUSINESS OVERVIEW ​ The information required by this section is set forth as follows in the 2023 Universal Registration Document filed as Exhibit 15.1 of this document: − Section 1.3 Significant events, − Section 1.4 Operating activities, − Section 1.6.2 Intellectual Property and Licensing, − Section 1.7 Regulation of telecommunication activities, − Section 3.1.2.1 Group revenue, − Section 7.2.2 Glossary of technical terms, which are incorporated in this section by reference. Seasonality In general, Orange’s business operations are not affected by any major seasonal variations. However, the telephone traffic generated from fixed line telephony over the Northern Hemisphere during the summer months in the third quarter (ended September 30) is generally lower than in the other quarters. Furthermore, in the retail markets, the number of new mobile customers for telecommunications services is generally higher in the second half of the calendar year than in the first half, primarily because of the increase in sales during the Christmas season. Consequently, revenues generated from the sale of equipment and packages, as well as the costs incurred in ordering equipment for customers and sales commissions, are generally higher in the second half of the calendar year than in the first half. 4.C ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ​ The information required by this section is set forth as follows in the 2023 Universal Registration Document filed as Exhibit 15.1 of this document: Section 1.1 Overview and the introduction of Section 3.1.3 Review by business segment, and is incorporated in this section by reference. For a listing of significant subsidiaries, see Note 20 Main consolidated entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 4.D PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT ​ The information required by this section is set forth as follows in the 2023 Universal Registration Document filed as Exhibit 15.1 of this document: Section 1.5 Orange’s networks, and Section 3.1.2.5 Group capital expenditure, and is incorporated in this section by reference. For information on material tangible fixed assets, see Note 8.5 Property, plant and equipment to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For certain environmental issues that may affect the Company’s utilization of assets, see Note 2.5.3 Consideration of climate change risks to the Consolidated Financial Statements. ​ 2023 Form 20-F / ORANGE – 18 ​ Table of Contents ​