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Item 11 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Kamada Ltd · 20-F · FY 2025 · Period ended Dec 31, 2025
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About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to changes
in interest as our financial debt bears floating and fixed interest rates. In addition, our exposure is also related to cash balance invested
in interest-bearing deposits.
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Foreign Currency Risk
Fluctuations in exchange rates,
especially the NIS against the U.S. dollar, may affect our results, as part of our assets is linked to NIS, as are part of our liabilities.
Changes in exchange rates may also affect the prices of products purchased by us and designated for marketing in Israel in cases where
these product prices are not linked to the U.S. dollar and during the period after these products are sold to our customers in NIS. In
addition, the fluctuation in the NIS exchange rate against the U.S. dollar may impact our results, as a portion of our manufacturing cost
is NIS denominated.
For the years ended December
31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we have witnessed high volatility in the U.S. dollar exchange rate. This fact impacts our revenues from the Distribution
segment, where prices are denominated in or linked to the NIS upon delivery of product while our expenses for the purchase of raw materials
and imported goods in the Distribution segment are in U.S. dollars and part of our development and marketing expenses are paid in NIS.
We attempt to mitigate our
currency exposure by matching assets denominated in NIS currency with liabilities denominated in NIS. In the Distribution segment, we
attempt to mitigate foreign currency exposure by matching Euro denominated expenses with Euro denominated revenues. Additionally, we use,
and from time to time, will continue to use, currency hedging transactions using financial derivatives and forward currency contracts.
We attempt to enter into forward currency contracts with critical terms that match those of the underlying exposure. As of December 31,
2025, we had open transactions in derivatives in the amount of approximately $3.8 million. We regularly monitor and review the need for
currency hedging transactions in accordance with trend analysis.
The following table presents
information about the changes in the exchange rates of the NIS against the U.S. dollar:
Period Change in Average Exchange Rate of the NIS against the U.S. Dollar (%)
Year ended December 31, 2023 3.1
Year ended December 31, 2024 0.6
Year ended December 31, 2025 (12.5 )
As of December 31, 2025, we
had excess liabilities over assets denominated in NIS in the amount of $19.6 million. When the U.S. dollar appreciates against the NIS,
we recognize financial expenses with respect to exchange rate differences. When the U.S. dollar depreciates against the NIS, we recognize
financial income.
A 10% increase (decrease)
in the value of the NIS against the U.S. dollar would have decreased (increased) our financial assets by $2.0 million, $1.7 million and
$0.9 million as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, we
had foreign currency exposures to currencies other than U.S. dollars and NIS amounting to $0.2 million in excess assets over liabilities.
Most of this exposure is to the Euro and Canadian dollar.