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Item 2 — Management's Discussion and Analysis
Twist Bioscience Corporation · 10-Q · Q3 FY2026 · Period ended Jun 30, 2026
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You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current plans, expectations and beliefs that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. In preparing this MD&A, we presume that readers have access to and have read the MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, pursuant to Instruction 2 to paragraph (b) of Item 303 of Regulation S-K.
Overview
We provide customizable solutions across the biological continuum that enable scientific discovery and development across therapeutics, diagnostics, and other high-growth markets. Our proprietary silicon-based platform delivers precision, scale, and speed, supporting consistent, high-quality performance across a broad range of applications.
At the core of our platform is a differentiated method of manufacturing synthetic DNA by “writing” DNA on a silicon chip. By integrating proprietary hardware, software, and scalable infrastructure, including our e-commerce platform, we achieve high levels of precision, automation, and throughput at a lower cost relative to legacy methods.
We have extended this platform beyond DNA synthesis to offer an integrated portfolio that includes synthetic genes, next-generation sequencing, or NGS, applications, sample preparation tools, antibody libraries, and biologics discovery services. These solutions are designed to improve research efficiency, accelerate development timelines, and deliver reproducible, high-quality data. Leveraging the same platform, we also manufacture synthetic RNA, express antibody proteins, perform characterization assays and deliver data to customers and partners.
Our solutions support a wide range of applications, including traditional and AI-enabled therapeutics discovery, diagnostic development, industrial and applied research, agricultural biotechnology, and academic research. By increasing efficiency and scalability in research and development, we support efforts to improve human health and sustainability.
We serve more than 3,800 customers annually across therapeutics, diagnostics, industrial and applied markets, academia, government, and global supply partners. Our multi-channel commercial strategy includes direct sales teams aligned to key markets and an e-commerce platform that enables customers to design, validate, and order customized products on demand, with real-time pricing and order tracking.
We generate revenues primarily from DNA synthesis and protein solutions and NGS applications. As we have expanded from DNA fragments to genes, sample preparation, protein expression, and biologics discovery, the integration of our offerings has strengthened. Beginning in fiscal 2026, we combined synthetic biology tools and biopharma services into a single category, DNA synthesis and protein solutions, and renamed NGS tools to NGS applications to reflect their role in sequencing workflows.
In February 2026, we entered into a license agreement with Invenra Inc. for its proprietary B-Body bispecific antibody discovery platform and simultaneously acquired a 6.24% ownership interest on a fully-diluted basis in Invenra through the purchase of Series B Preferred Stock. Together, these transactions represent a total commitment of $33.8 million, settled through a combination of cash and common stock.
Since our inception, we have incurred net losses each year. Our net loss for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2026 was $35.1 million and $109.6 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, we have an accumulated net deficit of $1,429.2 million and cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $166.8 million. Our ability to generate product revenues sufficient to achieve profitability will depend heavily on the success of our existing products and the development and commercialization of additional products in the therapeutics, diagnostics, industry and applied, academic research and government, and global supply partners industries as well as leveraging our investment in our manufacturing infrastructure.
In June 2026, we established an at-the-market equity offering program (the "ATM Program") under a Sales Agreement with TD Securities (USA) LLC, as sales agent, pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of
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our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million from time to time. We are under no obligation to sell any shares under the ATM Program. As of June 30, 2026, no shares had been sold and the full $200.0 million of capacity remained available.
Financial highlights compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year:
•For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2026, revenues increased 23.2% to $118.4 million and 20% to $332.8 million, respectively, driven by strong performance in DNA synthesis and protein solutions and NGS applications.
•For the three months ended June 30, 2026, gross margin decreased to 52.8% from 53.4% for the same period in the prior year primarily due to customer mix. For the nine months ended June 30, 2026, gross margin increased to 52.1% from 50.5% in the prior year period, primarily due to higher revenues and cost savings realized through continuous process improvement initiatives partially offset by investments for capacity expansion and automation.
•For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2026, loss from operations increased 20.5% to $36.3 million and 8.2% to $115.0 million, respectively, primarily due to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses and litigation settlement costs, net of recoveries, offset by increases in both revenues and gross profit and a decrease in research and development expenses.
•For the nine months ended June 30, 2026, net cash used in operating activities increased 15.2% to $41.3 million from $35.8 million.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
Revenues
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Revenues $ 118,376 $ 96,057 $ 22,319 23 % $ 332,789 $ 277,563 $ 55,226 20 %
Revenues by Geography
We have one reportable segment from the manufacturing of DNA synthesis and protein solutions and NGS applications products. The following table shows our revenues by geography, based on our customers’ shipping addresses. Americas consists of United States, Canada, Mexico and South America; EMEA consists of Europe, Middle East and Africa; and APAC primarily consists of Japan, China, South Korea, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and Taiwan.
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 % 2025 % 2026 % 2025 %
Americas $ 77,259 65 % $ 59,387 62 % $ 199,947 60 % $ 168,285 61 %
EMEA 33,622 28 % 30,742 32 % 109,334 33 % 89,688 32 %
APAC 7,495 7 % 5,928 6 % 23,508 7 % 19,590 7 %
Total revenues $ 118,376 100 % $ 96,057 100 % $ 332,789 100 % $ 277,563 100 %
Revenues by Products
We historically reported our revenues by the following products: synthetic genes, oligo pools and DNA libraries (collectively, synthetic biology), antibody discovery, and NGS tools. Beginning in fiscal 2026, we combined revenues from synthetic genes, oligo pools, DNA libraries, and biopharma services for antibody discovery into DNA synthesis and protein solutions. We also changed the name of NGS tools to NGS applications, as these
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products and services facilitate DNA reading and sequencing workflows. The table below summarizes revenues by the new products:
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 % 2025 % 2026 % 2025 %
DNA synthesis and protein solutions 56,571 48 % 40,773 43 % 160,905 48 % 122,491 44 %
NGS applications 61,805 52 % 55,284 57 % 171,884 52 % 155,072 56 %
Total revenues $ 118,376 100 % $ 96,057 100 % $ 332,789 100 % $ 277,563 100 %
Revenues by Industry
We historically reported revenues by industrial chemicals/materials, academic research, healthcare, and food/agriculture. Beginning in fiscal 2026, we disclose revenues by therapeutics, diagnostics, industry and applied, academic research and government, and global supply partners. These updated categories better align with our operations and increase clarity around our key customer groups. The table below summarizes revenues by industry:
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 % 2025 % 2026 % 2025 %
Therapeutics $ 40,413 34 % $ 27,048 28 % $ 118,404 36 % $ 80,070 29 %
Diagnostics 43,843 37 % 38,134 40 % 119,118 36 % 108,647 39 %
Industry and applied 5,749 5 % 6,105 6 % 17,667 5 % 18,676 7 %
Academic research and government 15,512 13 % 11,724 12 % 40,545 12 % 36,589 13 %
Global supply partners 12,859 11 % 13,046 14 % 37,055 11 % 33,581 12 %
Total revenues $ 118,376 100 % $ 96,057 100 % $ 332,789 100 % $ 277,563 100 %
Product Shipments
The table below summarizes product shipments:
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Number of genes shipped 369 237 940 669
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The number of customers who purchased products from us was approximately 2,664 and 2,484 customers for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively.
Revenues increased 23% to $118.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $96.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in revenues primarily reflects growth in DNA synthesis and protein solutions revenues of 39% and growth in NGS applications revenues of 12%, both of which are primarily attributable to higher sales to our customers in therapeutics, diagnostics, academic research and government industries, as well as an increase in the number of customers. The number of genes shipped in the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased to approximately 369,000 genes, compared to approximately 237,000 genes in the three months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of 56%.
Revenues increased 20% to $332.8 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $277.6 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in revenues primarily reflects growth in DNA synthesis and protein solutions revenues of 31% and growth in NGS applications revenues of 11%, both of which are primarily attributable to higher sales to our customers in therapeutics, diagnostics, academic research and government and global supply partners industries, as well as an increase in the number of customers. The number of genes shipped in the nine months ended June 30, 2026, increased to approximately 940,000 genes, compared to approximately 669,000 genes in the nine months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of 41%.
Cost of Revenues
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Cost of revenues $ 55,922 $ 44,760 $ 11,162 25 % $ 159,241 $ 137,398 $ 21,843 16 %
Gross profit $ 62,454 $ 51,297 $ 11,157 22 % $ 173,548 $ 140,165 $ 33,383 24 %
Gross margin 52.8 % 53.4 % (0.6) % 52.1 % 50.5 % 1.6 %
Cost of revenues increased 25% to $55.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $44.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in material costs of $8.5 million driven by increased sales, a $0.9 million increase in laboratory supplies, a $0.7 million increase in personnel costs and a $0.5 million increase in depreciation and amortization. Gross margin decreased 0.6 percentage points to 52.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 53.4% in the same period of the prior year primarily due to customer mix.
Cost of revenues increased 16% to $159.2 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $137.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in material costs of $17.5 million driven by increased sales and a $2.8 million increase in personnel costs. Gross margin increased 1.6 percentage points to 52.1% for the nine months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 50.5% in the same period of the prior year, mainly due to an increase in revenues and cost savings through continuous process improvement initiatives partially offset by investment in capacity expansion.
Research and Development Expenses
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Research and development $ 18,025 $ 18,047 $ (22) — % $ 54,850 $ 63,271 $ (8,421) (13) %
% of Revenues 15 % 19 % 16 % 23 %
Research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2026 were relatively consistent with the prior year period, as decreases in professional services of $2.3 million and IT services of $0.5 million were largely offset by increases in personnel-related costs of $2.3 million, which included stock-based compensation of $0.8 million, and lab supplies of $0.4 million.
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Research and development expenses decreased 13% to $54.8 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $63.3 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $4.3 million decrease in professional services costs, a $2.3 million decrease in personnel costs, which included a $1.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation expenses, and a $1.6 million decrease in facilities costs and depreciation and amortization. These decreases are largely attributable to the sale of our DNA data storage business in fiscal year 2025.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Selling, general and administrative $ 80,709 $ 63,370 $ 17,339 27 % $ 226,536 $ 183,219 $ 43,317 24 %
% of Revenues 68 % 66 % 68 % 66 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 27% to $80.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $63.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to a $10.6 million increase in personnel costs, which include a $1.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, a $2.6 million increase in professional services costs, a $1.9 million increase in IT services costs, a $0.9 million increase in marketing costs, and a $1.0 million increase in other costs. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses reflects headcount additions and investments in our commercial organization and corporate infrastructure to support the continued growth of the business.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 24% to $226.5 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $183.2 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to a $26.5 million increase in personnel costs, which included a $4.7 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, and a $6.9 million increase in IT services, a $3.2 million increase in marketing costs, a $0.8 million increase in professional services costs and a $5.6 million increase in other costs. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses reflects headcount additions and investments in our commercial organization and corporate infrastructure to support the continued growth of the business.
We expect selling, general and administrative expense to moderate in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2026 resulting from a number of cost saving initiatives.
Litigation settlement costs, net of recoveries
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Litigation settlement costs, net of recoveries $ — $ — $ — — % $ 7,205 $ — $ 7,205 NA
We recorded litigation settlement costs, net of recoveries of $7.2 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026.
Gain on sale of business
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Gain on sale of business $ — $ 48,847 $ (48,847) (100) % $ — $ 48,847 $ (48,847) (100) %
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We recognized gain on sale of business of $48.8 million related to the sale of our DNA digital data storage business during three and nine months ended June 30, 2025.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), net
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Interest income $ 1,500 $ 2,690 $ (1,190) (44) % $ 5,385 $ 8,731 $ (3,346) (38) %
Other income (expense), net 40 (836) 876 (105) % 686 (1,323) 2,009 (152) %
Total interest and other income (expense), net $ 1,540 $ 1,854 $ (314) (17) % $ 6,071 $ 7,408 $ (1,337) (18) %
Interest income decreased 44% to $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, due to lower cash equivalents and short-term investments balances and lower interest rates.
Interest income decreased 38% to $5.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $8.7 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, due to lower cash equivalents and short-term investments balances and lower interest rates.
Income Tax Expense
Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2026 2025 Change % 2026 2025 Change %
Income tax expense $ (311) $ (191) $ (120) 63 % $ (607) $ (462) $ (145) 31 %
We recorded an income tax provision of $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. We recorded an income tax provision of $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
As of June 30, 2026, we had a balance of $117.4 million of cash and cash equivalents and $49.4 million in short-term investments. We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception, and as of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,429.2 million.
Since our inception, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally through public equity raises, private placements of our convertible preferred stock, borrowings from credit facilities, proceeds from the royalty purchase agreement, sale of DNA data storage assets and revenues from our commercial operations.
Based on our current business plan, we believe our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for more than 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. However, if we need to obtain additional financing to fund operations beyond this period, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising additional financing on terms that are acceptable to us.
Capital Requirements and Allocation
Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be for the near future, compensation and related expenses, manufacturing costs, laboratory and related supplies, legal and other regulatory expenses and
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general overhead costs, including facilities costs and capital expenditures. We had $12.2 million in commitments for capital expenditures as of June 30, 2026.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our revenue growth rate, research and development efforts, investments in or acquisitions of complementary or enhancing technologies or businesses, the timing and extent of additional capital expenditures to invest in existing and new facilities, the expansion of sales and marketing and international activities, legal costs associated with defending and enforcing intellectual property rights and the introduction of new products and new versions of existing products.
We take a long-term view in growing and scaling our business and we regularly review acquisition and investment opportunities, and we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, services and technologies, including intellectual property rights, and any such acquisitions or investments could significantly increase our capital needs. We regularly review opportunities that meet our long-term growth objectives.
Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with our investment policy, primarily with a view to providing liquidity while ensuring capital preservation.
Our contractual obligations have not materially changed from those reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K except for lease commitments. As of June 30, 2026, our operating lease liability was $93.6 million. See Note 10, Leases of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for information on our operating lease commitments.
On November 13, 2025, we entered into a lease amendment for our facilities in South San Francisco, California. This amendment increases the leased premises by approximately 33,000 square feet in order to consolidate other offices in South San Francisco into a single location and extends the termination date of the lease until June 30, 2036. The lease for the additional space is expected to commence on September 1, 2026. As the lease term for the additional space has not yet commenced, we have not yet recorded a right-of-use asset and a corresponding operating lease liability nor have we recognized rent expense for the additional space. These will be recognized on the commencement date of the additional space. We expect future cash commitments related to this lease of the additional space to total $11.6 million through June 30, 2036.
Invenra License Agreement and Investment in Equity Securities
In February 2026, we entered into a co-exclusive license agreement with Invenra Inc. ("Invenra") for its proprietary B-Body bispecific antibody discovery platform and simultaneously acquired a 6.24% ownership interest in Invenra through the purchase of Series B Preferred Stock. Together, these transactions represent a total commitment of $33.8 million, settled through a combination of cash and our common stock. Under the terms of the license agreement, we will also pay royalties to Invenra based on gross sales received from third-party license sales.
The license was acquired for total consideration of $20.0 million, of which $5.0 million was paid in cash at closing, $10.0 million settled through the issuance of common stock at closing, and $5.0 million in common stock remains contingently issuable upon the successful completion of technology transfer. The equity investment was acquired for $13.8 million, settled entirely through the issuance of common stock, comprising $10.0 million issued at initial closing and $3.8 million issued in a subsequent closing on April 7, 2026.
Of the total $33.8 million commitment, $5.0 million represented an outflow of cash, with the remaining $28.8 million was settled or to be settled through the issuance of the Company's common stock, thereby limiting the cash impact on liquidity. The contingent issuance of common stock, which is dependent on the completion of the technology transfer is recorded as accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2026.
We filed a prospectus supplement under our prior shelf registration statement on Form S-3 to register the resale of up to 632,328 shares of common stock issued or issuable in connection with these transactions, which will not provide any proceeds to us and will have no material impact on our liquidity or capital resources.
See note 7, Investment in Equity Securities of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
At-the-Market Equity Offering Program
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In June 2026, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with TD Securities (USA) LLC, as sales agent, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million through the ATM Program. We will pay the Sales Agent a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from each sale of shares under the Sales Agreement. We are not obligated to sell any shares under the Sales Agreement.
The shares to be sold under the ATM Program are registered under our automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3ASR and related prospectus supplement, each filed with the SEC on June 18, 2026. The Form S-3ASR replaced our prior shelf registration statement and permits us to offer and sell, from time to time, common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, units and warrants in one or more offerings.
As of June 30, 2026, no shares had been sold under the ATM Program and the full $200.0 million capacity remained available.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents:
Nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025
Net cash used in operating activities $ (41,258) $ (35,814)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (32,837) (12,359)
Net cash provided by financing activities 8,223 22,966
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $41.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2026. This primarily consisted of a net loss of $109.6 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $69.1 million, primarily stock-based compensation expense of $50.4 million and depreciation and amortization of $19.4 million, and a net cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.8 million. The net cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $19.0 million, primarily driven by insurance receivable for litigation settlement costs, accounts receivable of $8.5 million due to the increase in revenues and the timing of collections, and inventories of $6.9 million to support anticipated demand, substantially offset by increases in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $25.7 million, primarily related to litigation accruals, indirect taxes payable and timing of payments to vendors, accounts payable of $4.6 million and accrued compensation of $3.6 million due to the timing of payments to vendors and employees.
Net cash used in operating activities was $35.8 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. This consisted primarily a net loss of $50.5 million adjusted for non-cash items of $20.3 million, primarily stock-based compensation expense of $48.4 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $18.8 million, partially offset by a gain on sale of business of $48.8 million and a net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities of $5.6 million. The net cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $15.2 million due to increased revenues and the timing of collections, increases in inventories of $1.9 million and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.8 million and a decrease in accrued compensation of $4.7 million, partially offset by increases in accounts payable of $9.6 million and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $8.9 million due to the timing of payments to vendors and employees.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $32.8 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2026, which primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $27.6 million and cash paid for an asset acquisition of $5.0 million. Purchases of investments of $38.5 million were substantially offset by proceeds from maturities of investments of $38.4 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $12.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, which consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $15.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of
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our data storage business of $2.5 million and the net impact of purchases and maturity of investments of $0.7 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2026, which primarily consisted of $5.9 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $2.4 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $23.0 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, which consisted of $15.0 million of proceeds from the Royalty Purchase Agreement with XOMA (US) LLC related to the sale of future revenue, $5.6 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $2.4 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates
The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our significant accounting policies and estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various market-specific and other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are assessed each period and updated to reflect current information. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. A summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates is presented in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. There were no changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended June 30, 2026.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of accounting changes and recently issued accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our condensed consolidated financial statements, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-Q.