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Item 11 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Pagseguro Digital Ltd. · 20-F · FY 2025 · Period ended Dec 31, 2025
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Our activities expose us to a variety of financial risks: foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, fraud risk (losses), credit risk and liquidity risk. Our overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on our financial performance. For more information on risks to our activities, see Note 29 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Among the main market risk factors that may affect the PagSeguro business are the following:
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognized assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency. The Company’s foreign exchange risk is mainly related to POS purchases and dividends, which are negotiated in US dollars. For further details, see Note 29 of our financial statements, where a sensitivity analysis of foreign exchange risks is presented as of December 31, 2025.
Pagseguro Tecnologia, BCPS, PSGP Mexico, PBMX Mexico, Pagseguro Colombia, Pagseguro Chile and Pagseguro Peru have revenues in other currencies and cash and cash equivalents maintained in other countries, which are being hedged through a non-derivative forward.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Our exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates arises primarily from financial investments and deposits both subject to variable interest rates, principally the CDI rate. For further details, see Note 29 of our financial statements, where a sensitivity analysis of the interest rate risks is presented as of December 31, 2025.
In addition, margins can be affected due to interest rate fluctuation mainly for our prepayment business when we advance receivables to our merchants. Cash is our raw material for this product and if the costs spike, we need to reprice the product to reflect the new cost base. However, sometimes the repricing does not occur at the same time of the cost increase or does not achieve the same level, and consequently, the margin may decrease.
Fraud Risk (Losses)
Our sales transactions are susceptible to potentially fraudulent or improper sales. We use the following two main procedures to control fraud risk.
The first procedure consists of monitoring, on a real-time basis, transactions carried out using credit and debit cards and boletos through an anti-fraud system. This process approves or rejects suspicious transactions at the time of the authorization, based on statistical models that are revised on an ongoing basis.
The second procedure detects chargebacks and disputes not identified by the first procedure. This is a complementary procedure and increases our ability to avoid and manage chargebacks.
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Credit Risk
Credit risk is managed on a group basis. This risk is limited to the possibility of default by (i) card issuers, who are required to transfer the fees charged for transactions carried out by their card holders to the credit and debit card schemes, (ii) acquirers, which we use to approve transactions with card issuers, and (iii) analyses for our customers’ background to provide access to credit portfolio.
In order to mitigate this risk, PagSeguro Brazil has established a Credit and Liquidity Risk Committee, whose responsibility is to assess the level of risk of each card issuer served by us, classifying them into three groups:
(i) card issuers presenting a low level of risk, who have credit ratings assigned by Fitch, S&P or Moody’s and who do not require additional monitoring;
(ii) card issuers presenting a medium level of risk, who are monitored in accordance with Basel requirements and property, plants and equipment ratios; and
(iii) card issuers presenting a high level of risk, who are assessed by the Credit and Liquidity Risk Committee at monthly meetings.
We have a rating process for loans and credit based on statistical application models (in the early stages of customer relationships) and behavior scoring (used for customers who already have a relationship history). This includes a process for designing, calibrating and implementing policies and guidelines for granting credit and calibrating collection rules. Our approach also involves a process for monitoring the portfolio’s risk profile, with a prospective view, which generates early warning alerts to the credit granting policies and risk classification models in a timely manner.
No credit limits were exceeded in 2025, 2024 or 2023. Management does not expect any losses from non-performance by these counterparties in addition to the amounts already recognized as chargebacks and expected credit losses, presented as fraud risk.
Liquidity Risk
We manage liquidity risk by maintaining cash reserves, positive working capital and bank credit lines on receivables from issuing banks. We continuously monitor actual and projected cash flows and match the maturity profile of our financial assets and liabilities in order to ensure we have sufficient funds to honor our obligations to third parties and meet our operational needs.
We invest surplus cash in interest-bearing financial investments, choosing instruments with appropriate maturity or sufficient liquidity to provide adequate margins as determined by the forecasts.