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Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Graham Corp · 10-Q · Q1 FY2026 · Period ended Jun 30, 2026
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The principal market risks (i.e., the risk of loss arising from market changes) to which we are exposed are foreign currency exchange rates, price risk, and interest rate risk.
The assumptions applied in preparing the following qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding foreign currency exchange rate, price risk, and interest rate risk are based upon volatility ranges experienced by us in relevant historical periods, our current knowledge of the marketplace, and our judgment of the probability of future volatility based upon the historical trends and economic conditions of the markets in which we operate.
Foreign Currency
International consolidated sales for the first three months of fiscal 2027 were 10% of total sales. Operating in markets throughout the world exposes us to movements in currency exchange rates. Currency movements can affect sales in several ways, the foremost being our ability to compete for orders against foreign competitors that base their prices on relatively weaker currencies. Business lost due to competition for orders against competitors using a relatively weaker currency cannot be quantified. In addition, cash can be adversely impacted by the conversion of sales made by us in a foreign currency to U.S. dollars. In each of the first three months of fiscal 2027 and fiscal 2026, substantially all sales by us and our wholly owned subsidiaries, for which we were paid, were denominated in the local currency of the respective subsidiary (U.S. dollars, Chinese RMB, or India INR). For the first three months of fiscal 2027, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations increased our cash balances by $21 primarily due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Chinese RMB offset by strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the India INR.
We have limited exposure to foreign currency purchases. In the first three months of fiscal 2027, our purchases in foreign currencies represented approximately 2% of the cost of products sold. At certain times, we may enter into forward foreign currency exchange agreements to hedge our exposure against potential unfavorable changes in foreign currency values on significant sales and purchase contracts negotiated in foreign currencies. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts were not used in the periods being reported in this Form 10-Q and as of June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026, we held no forward foreign currency contracts.
Price Risk
Operating in a global market place requires us to compete with other global manufacturers which, in some instances, benefit from lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions, such as lower tariffs. Although we believe that our customers differentiate our products on the basis of our manufacturing quality, engineering experience, and customer service, among other things, such lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions mean that our competitors are able to offer products similar to ours at lower prices. In extreme market downturns, we typically see depressed price levels. Additionally, we have faced, and may continue to face, significant cost inflation, specifically in labor costs, raw materials, tariffs, and other supply chain costs due to increased demand for raw materials and resources caused by the broad disruption of the global supply chain. International conflicts or other geopolitical events, including the on-going Russia and Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas and Iran conflicts, the changes in Venezuela, and
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recent trade-related actions, may further contribute to increased supply chain costs due to shortages in raw materials, increased costs for transportation and energy, disruptions in supply chains, increased tariffs, and heightened inflation. Further escalation of tariffs or geopolitical tensions may also lead to changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, any of which may adversely affect our business and supply chain, and consequently our results of operations.
Interest Rate Risk
In order to fund our strategic growth objectives, including acquisitions, from time to time we may borrow funds under our Revolving Credit Facility through Wells Fargo that bears interest at a variable rate. As part of our risk management activities, we evaluate the use of interest rate derivatives to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. As of June 30, 2026, we had no variable rate debt outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility and no interest rate derivatives outstanding. See "Debt" in Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information about our outstanding debt.