The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
General
We are a Maryland corporation that invests in, finances and manages mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) and Agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), and, through our operational platform, RoundPoint Mortgage Servicing LLC (“RoundPoint”), we are one of the largest servicers of conventional loans in the country. Agency refers to a U.S. government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), or a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). We are structured as an internally-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “TWO.” We seek to leverage our core competencies of understanding and managing interest rate and prepayment risk to invest in our portfolio of MSR and Agency RMBS. Our objective is to deliver more stable performance, relative to RMBS portfolios without MSR, across changing market environments.
One of our wholly owned subsidiaries, TH MSR Holdings LLC, holds the requisite approvals from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to own and manage MSR, which represent a contractual right to control the servicing of a mortgage loan, the obligation to service the loan in accordance with applicable laws and requirements and the right to collect a fee for the performance of servicing activities, such as collecting principal and interest from a borrower and distributing those payments to the owner of the loan. TH MSR Holdings acquires MSR from third-party originators through flow and bulk purchases, as well as through the recapture of MSR on loans in its MSR portfolio that refinance. TH MSR Holdings also acquires MSR on loans originated by its wholly owned subsidiary, RoundPoint, through purchases and recapture of MSR. TH MSR Holdings does not directly service mortgage loans; instead, it engages RoundPoint to handle substantially all servicing functions for the mortgage loans underlying its MSR. Our MSR business leverages our core competencies in prepayment and interest rate risk analytics, and the MSR assets may provide offsetting risks to our Agency RMBS, hedging both interest rate and mortgage spread risk.
RoundPoint has approvals from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae to service residential mortgage loans. RoundPoint services originated or purchased mortgage loans held-for-sale, mortgage loans underlying TH MSR Holdings’ MSR, and mortgage loans underlying MSR owned by third parties. RoundPoint also operates an in-house, direct-to-consumer originations platform, which was established primarily to benefit our MSR portfolio through the retention or recapture of existing borrowers by providing them with competitive refinance and purchase mortgage options. The originations platform also originates both first and second mortgages for new borrowers that do not currently have a mortgage loan serviced by RoundPoint and brokers second lien loans to our existing borrowers. For our own MSR portfolio, adding new or recaptured MSR through our origination platform is intended to hedge faster than expected MSR prepayment speeds in a refinance environment, and requires less capital relative to acquiring MSR through flow and bulk purchases from third-party originators. In addition, origination activities are generally counter-cyclical to MSR; MSR fair value tends to move opposite to origination volume. For example, the value of MSR typically increases in periods marked by low origination activity and vice versa. Thus, origination activities provide supplementary sources of profitability to our stockholders while also hedging our MSR.
Our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised primarily of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. All of our principal and interest Agency RMBS are Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations, or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. government. The majority of our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised of whole pool certificates.
We seek to deploy moderate leverage as part of our investment strategy. We generally finance our Agency RMBS through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We also finance our MSR through revolving credit facilities and repurchase agreements. Additionally, we finance our origination of mortgage loans through repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit. We have also issued unsecured debt, namely senior notes and convertible senior notes, the funds from which have been and may be used to purchase our target assets and/or for other general corporate purposes. Our convertible senior notes of $261.9 million in unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) were repaid in full on their January 15, 2026 maturity date.
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We have elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT we are required to meet certain investment and operating tests and annual distribution requirements. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders, do not participate in prohibited transactions and maintain our intended qualification as a REIT. However, certain activities that we may perform may cause us to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. We have designated certain of our subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, to engage in such activities. We also operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). Certain of our subsidiaries have obtained the requisite licenses and approvals to own and manage MSR and to originate and directly service residential mortgage loans.
On March 27, 2026, we entered into a definitive agreement (the “Original CCM Merger Agreement”) with CrossCountry Intermediate Holdco, LLC (“CCM”) and CrossCountry Merger Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of CCM, pursuant to which CCM will acquire all of the outstanding shares of our common stock in an all-cash transaction (the “CCM Merger”). On May 7, 2026, we and CCM entered into a second amendment to the Original CCM Merger Agreement (the “Second Amendment”), as amended by the first amendment dated April 28, 2026 (the “First Amendment”) (the Original CCM Merger Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment and the Second Amendment, the “Amended CCM Merger Agreement”). The Second Amendment, among other things, provides that, at the effective time of the CCM Merger (the “Effective Time”), each outstanding share of our common stock will be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $12.00 per share, an increase from the $11.30 per share consideration under the First Amendment and an increase from the $10.80 per share consideration under the Original CCM Merger Agreement. Additionally, on May 13, 2026, CCM delivered to us a letter irrevocably waiving the restrictions set forth in Section 6.1(b)(i) of the Amended CCM Merger Agreement to permit us to declare and pay a pro-rated dividend on our common stock for the quarter in which the CCM Merger closes. The CCM Merger was approved by our common stockholders on July 2, 2026 and is expected to close on August 3, 2026, subject to the satisfaction of certain remaining closing conditions. On July 23, 2026, we declared a “stub period” dividend of $0.12196 per share of common stock for the third quarter of 2026, subject to the consummation of the CCM merger.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended CCM Merger Agreement, at the effective time, each outstanding share of our 8.125% Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 7.625% Series B Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 7.25% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Preferred Stock”), will remain issued and outstanding. Promptly after the Effective Time, the surviving company will deliver a notice of redemption to its preferred stockholders, in accordance with our Articles of Amendment and Restatement, and the Articles Supplementary thereto, and our Amended and Restated Bylaws. Following the Effective Time, when required in connection with the redemption of the Preferred Stock, CCM, on our behalf, will irrevocably set aside and deposit, separate and apart from its other funds, in trust for the benefit of our preferred stockholders, cash in immediately available funds in the amount of $25.00 per outstanding share of Preferred Stock, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not authorized or declared) to, but not including, the redemption date (the “Preferred Stock Redemption Amount”). On the redemption date set forth in the notice of redemption, each share of Preferred Stock will be redeemed for an amount in cash equal to the Preferred Stock Redemption Amount.
As previously disclosed, on December 17, 2025, we entered into a definitive agreement and plan of merger (the “UWM Merger Agreement”) with UWM Holdings Corporation (“UWM”). Following the determination that we had received a “Company Superior Proposal,” as defined in the UWM Merger Agreement, from CCM, and after considering UWM’s proposed revisions to the UWM Merger Agreement in consultation with our financial advisors and outside legal counsel, on March 27, 2026, prior to entering into the Original CCM Merger Agreement, we delivered to UWM a written notice terminating the UWM Merger Agreement. In connection with the termination of the UWM Merger Agreement, CCM, on our behalf, paid UWM a termination fee of $25.4 million in cash as required by the terms of the UWM Merger Agreement (the “UWM Termination Fee”). For the six months ended June 30, 2026, we incurred the UWM Termination Fee of $25.4 million; however this amount was economically and contractually offset through the corresponding payment made by CCM, and accordingly, the UWM Termination Fee did not result in a net impact to our consolidated financial statements.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), and that are subject to the safe harbors created by such sections. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “target,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan,” “goals,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “optimistic” and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks, uncertainties and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected are described below and may be described from time to time in reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
On March 27, 2026, we entered into the Original CCM Merger Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment and the Second Amendment, pursuant to which we will merge with and into a merger subsidiary of CCM, with us continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of CCM. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than the statements regarding the pending CCM Merger, do not assume the consummation of the pending CCM Merger unless specifically stated otherwise.
Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include:
•risks relating to the pending CCM Merger, including: the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could delay or prevent closing of the pending CCM Merger or give rise to the termination of the Amended CCM Merger Agreement; unanticipated costs or restrictions resulting from regulatory review of the CCM Merger; restrictions on our business activities imposed by the Amended CCM Merger Agreement; costs incurred in connection with the CCM Merger; and litigation risks relating to the CCM Merger;
•changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets;
•changes in prepayment rates of mortgages underlying our target assets;
•the state of the credit markets and other general economic conditions, particularly as they affect the price of earning assets, the credit status of borrowers and home prices;
•legislative and regulatory actions, including executive orders, affecting our business;
•the availability and cost of our target assets;
•the availability and cost of financing for our target assets, including repurchase agreement financing, warehouse lines of credit, revolving credit facilities and senior notes;
•the impact of any increases in payment delinquencies and defaults on the mortgages comprising and underlying our target assets, including additional servicing costs and servicing advance obligations on the MSR assets we own;
•changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities, the re-pricing of credit risk in the capital markets, inaccurate ratings of securities by rating agencies, rating agency downgrades of securities, and increases in the supply of real estate securities available-for-sale;
•changes in the values of securities we own and the impact of adjustments reflecting those changes on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and balance sheets, including our stockholders’ equity;
•our ability to generate cash flow from our target assets;
•our ability to effectively execute and realize the benefits of strategic transactions and initiatives we have pursued or may in the future pursue;
•changes in the competitive landscape within our industry, including changes that may affect our ability to attract and retain personnel;
•our exposure to legal and regulatory claims, penalties or enforcement activities, including those arising from our ownership and management of MSR and prior securitization transactions;
•our exposure to counterparties involved in our MSR business and prior securitization transactions and our ability to enforce representations and warranties made by them;
•our ability to acquire MSR and successfully operate our seller-servicer subsidiaries;
•our ability to manage various operational and regulatory risks associated with our business, including the risks associated with operating a mortgage loan servicer and originator;
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•interruptions in or impairments to our communications and information technology systems;
•our ability to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting;
•our ability to establish, adjust and maintain appropriate hedges for the risks in our portfolio;
•our ability to maintain our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
•limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the 1940 Act.
Factors Affecting our Operating Results
Our net interest income includes income from our securities portfolio, including the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts, and mortgage loans held-for-sale. Net interest income (expense), as well as our servicing income, net of servicing costs, will fluctuate primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates, our financing costs and prepayment speeds on our assets. Interest rates, financing costs and prepayment rates vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty.
Fair Value Measurement
A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are reported at fair value and, therefore, our consolidated balance sheets and statements of comprehensive income (loss) are significantly affected by fluctuations in market prices. At June 30, 2026, approximately 85.0% of our total assets, or $7.5 billion, consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value. See Note 11 - Fair Value to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for descriptions of valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized. Although we execute various hedging strategies to mitigate our exposure to changes in fair value, we cannot fully eliminate our exposure to volatility caused by fluctuations in market prices.
Any temporary change in the fair value of our available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, excluding certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option, is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and does not impact our reported income (loss) for U.S. GAAP purposes (“GAAP net income (loss)”). However, changes in the provision for credit losses on AFS securities are recognized immediately in GAAP net income (loss). Our GAAP net income (loss) is also affected by fluctuations in market prices on the remainder of our financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, including interest rate swap agreements and certain other derivative instruments (i.e., Agency to-be-announced securities (“TBAs”), options on TBAs, futures, options on futures, inverse interest-only securities, interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sale commitments), which are accounted for as derivative trading instruments under U.S. GAAP, fair value option elected AFS securities, MSR and mortgage loans held-for-sale.
We have numerous internal controls in place to help ensure the appropriateness of fair value measurements. Significant fair value measures are subject to detailed analytics and management review and approval.
Our entire Agency RMBS investment portfolio reported at fair value is priced by third-party brokers and/or by independent pricing vendors. We generally receive three or more broker and vendor quotes on pass-through Agency P&I RMBS, and generally receive multiple broker or vendor quotes on all other securities, including interest-only and inverse interest-only Agency RMBS. For Agency RMBS, the third-party pricing vendors and brokers use pricing models that commonly incorporate such factors as coupons, primary and secondary mortgage rates, rate reset periods, issuer, prepayment speeds, credit enhancements and expected life of the security.
We evaluate the prices we receive from both third-party brokers and pricing vendors by comparing those prices to actual purchase and sale transactions, our internally modeled prices calculated based on market observable rates and credit spreads, and to each other both in current and prior periods. We review and may challenge valuations from third-party brokers and pricing vendors to ensure that such quotes and valuations are indicative of fair value as a result of this analysis. We then estimate the fair value of each security based upon the median of the final broker quotes received, subject to internally-established hierarchy and override procedures.
We utilize “bid side” pricing for our Agency RMBS and, as a result, certain assets, especially the most recent purchases, may realize a markdown due to the “bid-offer” spread. To the extent that this occurs on available-for-sale securities not accounted for under the fair value option, any economic effect of this would be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
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We estimate the fair value of our MSR using a discounted cash flow model, which incorporates both observable and unobservable market data, including principal balance, note rate, geographical location, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, FICO and other loan characteristics, along with servicing fee, ancillary income, earnings rates on escrow balances and recapture rates. Significant unobservable inputs include prepayment speeds; option adjusted spread (“OAS”), which represents the incremental spread added to the risk-free rate to reflect the effects of any embedded options and other risk inherent in MSR; and cost to service. We obtain third-party valuations, industry surveys and other available market data quarterly to assess the reasonableness of the significant unobservable inputs used in the cash flow model, as well as fair value calculated by the cash flow model, subject to internally-established hierarchy and override procedures.
Considerable judgment is used in forming conclusions and estimating inputs to our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayments speeds, credit losses and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements. Accordingly, there is no assurance that our estimates of fair value are indicative of the amounts that would be realized on the ultimate sale or exchange of these assets. At June 30, 2026, 26.5% of our total assets were classified as Level 3 fair value assets.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain judgments and assumptions, based on information available at the time of our preparation of the financial statements, in determining accounting estimates used in preparation of the statements. Accounting estimates are considered critical if the estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and if different estimates reasonably could have been used in the reporting period or changes in the accounting estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period that would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, included under Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Our most critical accounting policies involve our fair valuation of AFS securities, MSR and derivative instruments.
The methods used by us to estimate fair value for AFS securities, MSR and derivative instruments may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair value. Furthermore, while we believe that our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. We use prices obtained from third-party pricing vendors or broker quotes deemed indicative of market activity and current as of the measurement date, which in periods of market dislocation, may have reduced transparency. For more information on our fair value measurements, see Note 11 - Fair Value to the consolidated financial statements, included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, the key economic assumptions and sensitivity of the fair value of MSR to immediate adverse changes in these assumptions are presented in Note 5 - Servicing Activities to the consolidated financial statements, included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Market Conditions and Outlook
The performance of risk assets in the second quarter was bolstered by the de-escalation of tensions in the Middle East during the period. The price of crude oil finished the quarter around $70 per barrel, all but reversing the price increase in the first quarter. The S&P 500 Index surged higher by 14.9%, achieving a new record high during the quarter. Despite the decline in oil prices, the Treasury yield curve continued to “bear flatten” as it did in the first quarter. The 2-year Treasury yield rose by 38 basis points (“bps”) to 4.17%, while the 10-year Treasury yield increased 15 bps to finish at 4.47%. Employment readings were above expectations throughout the quarter, with the average monthly increase coming in at a robust 164,000 jobs. As the labor market strengthened and inflation continued to run above the Federal Reserve’s (the “Fed”) stated 2% target, several voting members of the Fed turned more hawkish, resulting in the Fed dropping its easing bias. The Fed’s new Chairman, Kevin Warsh, presiding over his first meeting in June, focused his comments on combating inflation, with the post-meeting statement ending with a terse “the Committee will deliver price stability.” While the Fed left rates unchanged over its two meetings in the second quarter, market expectations for Fed action in 2026 shifted from a chance of a cut in rates by December to multiple hikes over the balance of the year, reflecting the incoming data and the hawkish shift in Fed’s stance.
Counter trend to the expectation of higher short rates, volatility declined in response to evolving developments in the Middle East conflict. Implied volatility, as measured by 2-year options on 10-year swap rates, fell by 6 bps to 79 bps over the quarter, close to its year-to-date average of 80 bps. Driven by the decline in implied volatility, a strong equity market, and demand from the GSEs, REITs and money managers, the Agency RMBS sector performed well. Nominal current coupon spreads versus swaps tightened by 13 bps, finishing at 128 bps, while option-adjusted spreads tightened by 10 bps to end at 50 bps, both slightly wider than year-to-date averages. The RMBS market delivered positive hedged returns across the coupon stack, with swap hedges outperforming Treasury-based hedge instruments. The Bloomberg U.S. MBS Index, which is hedged with Treasuries, delivered 30 bps of excess return in the second quarter.
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The primary 30-year mortgage rate finished the second quarter roughly unchanged at around 6.5%. Spring’s higher mortgage rates suppressed rate-term refinancing activity, and with little media effect to attract the attention of homeowners, prepayment speeds for higher coupon RMBS declined. For lower coupon RMBS, whose prepayment rates are driven by housing turnover, the uptick from spring seasonality was apparent, with speeds increasing by 30-50% but still slow on both an absolute and historical basis. As a result, the prepayment “S-curve” flattened over the quarter. The prepayment speed for our MSR portfolio, which has a low weighted average mortgage rate of 3.54%, increased by approximately 12.6% quarter over quarter but still only prepaid at a historically slow rate of 6.3% CPR.
While the housing market has been slowly returning to an equilibrium in this “higher-for-longer” environment, the pace of activity remained sluggish on a historical basis. Compared to the first five months of 2025, existing home sales are up 0.65%, but as a percentage of overall ownership the rate of sales is at 40-year lows. Regional supply/demand mismatches continued to exist, with excess supply in Southern markets and constrained supply in Northern markets. Nationally, we anticipate home prices on an annual basis to rise in the low single digits this year.
The MSR market continued to be well supported, with demand outstripping supply. Across the MSR market, servicing transfers in the second quarter continued at the same pace as seen in 2025. Most of the supply has come from non-bank originators with a broader array of buyer types including other non-bank originators, banks and REITs. Given the demand, pricing for bulk and flow channels tightened in the second quarter. Servicing multiples generally increased, owing to higher rates across the yield curve, including short rates which increase the float value of MSR. Delinquency rates for GSE servicing continued to remain low.
RMBS funding markets remained stable and available during the quarter. Spreads for repurchase agreement tightened in the second quarter to around 12 to 15 bps to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”).
Looking into the second half of the year, although tensions in the Middle East are not as acute as they were earlier in the year, the situation remains volatile and could once again generate an uptick in volatility. Adding to the uncertainty is how the Fed will navigate this complex time period with a new Chairperson who has vowed to deliver price stability during a period of unprecedented amounts of investment in technology, in this iteration, artificial intelligence, while simultaneously changing how it communicates policy decisions to the markets. Apart from the changes in yields across the Treasury curve, markets have largely shrugged off these risks, as evidenced by the performance of equities, the drop in implied volatility in fixed-income markets, and ultimately in spread products. The risk of material spread widening in Agency RMBS should continue to be mitigated by GSE buying, and the supply/demand picture remains favorable with the small amount of new net supply of conventional RMBS being bought by REITs, GSEs and money managers. While RMBS hedged with swaps possesses favorable nominal yield, total performance will be dependent on interest rate volatility. At quarter-end, less than 95% of our MSR portfolio had 50 bps or more of economic incentive to refinance, providing a substantial cushion to a refinance wave. The MSR market remains well supported, and the paired construction of low mortgage rate MSR with RMBS generates attractive risk adjusted returns with lower expected volatility, relative to RMBS portfolios without MSR.
The following table provides the carrying value of our investment portfolio by asset type:
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Agency RMBS $ 5,143,043 68.8 % $ 6,579,141 73.1 %
Mortgage servicing rights 2,336,324 31.2 % 2,421,910 26.9 %
Other 2,982 — % 3,259 — %
Total $ 7,482,349 $ 9,004,310
Prepayment speeds and volatility due to interest rates
Our portfolio is subject to market risks, primarily interest rate risk and prepayment risk. We pair our MSR and interest-only Agency RMBS portfolio with a portion of our Agency pool portfolio to offset risk. During periods of decreasing interest rates with rising prepayment speeds, the market value of our Agency pools generally increases and the market value of our interest-only securities and MSR generally decreases. The inverse relationship occurs when interest rates rise and prepayments fall. In addition to changes in interest rates, changes in home price performance, key employment metrics and government programs, among other macroeconomic factors, can affect prepayment speeds. We believe our active portfolio management approach, including our asset selection process, positions us to respond to a variety of market scenarios. Although we are unable to predict future interest rate movements, our strategy of pairing MSR with Agency RMBS, with a focus on managing various associated risks, including interest rate, prepayment, credit, mortgage spread and financing risk, is intended to generate stable performance, relative to RMBS portfolios without MSR, with a low level of sensitivity to changes in the yield curve, prepayments and interest rate cycles.
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The following table provides the three-month average CPR experienced by our Agency RMBS and MSR during the three months ended June 30, 2026, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2026 March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 September 30, 2025 June 30, 2025
Agency RMBS 10.8 % 8.6 % 7.9 % 8.0 % 8.4 %
Mortgage servicing rights 6.3 % 5.6 % 6.4 % 6.0 % 5.8 %
Our Agency RMBS are primarily collateralized by fixed-rate mortgage loans. Our Agency portfolio also includes securities with implicit prepayment protection, including lower loan balances (securities collateralized by loans of less than $400,000 in initial principal balance), higher LTVs (securities collateralized by loans with LTVs greater than or equal to 80%), certain geographic concentrations, loans secured by investor-owned properties and lower FICO scores. We also hold pools backed by Agency multi-family mortgage loans and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Our overall allocation of Agency RMBS and holdings of pools with specific characteristics are viewed in the context of our aggregate portfolio strategy, including MSR and related derivative hedging instruments. Additionally, the selection of securities with certain attributes is driven by the perceived relative value of the securities, which factors in the opportunities in the marketplace, the cost of financing and the cost of hedging interest rate, prepayment, credit and other portfolio risks. Accordingly, our Agency RMBS capital allocation reflects management’s flexible approach to investing in the marketplace.
The following tables provide the carrying value of our Agency RMBS portfolio by underlying mortgage loan rate type:
June 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Principal/ Current Face Carrying Value Weighted Average CPR (1) % Prepayment Protected Gross Weighted Average Coupon Rate Amortized Cost Allowance for Credit Losses Weighted Average Loan Age (months)
Agency RMBS AFS:
30-Year Fixed:
4.5% $ 189,080 $ 183,748 20.6 % 100.0 % 5.2 % $ 191,429 $ — 67
5.0% 1,357,215 1,351,390 9.1 % 99.2 % 5.8 % 1,377,458 — 48
5.5% 1,501,884 1,518,049 9.6 % 80.2 % 6.4 % 1,526,220 — 28
6.0% 995,174 1,023,598 8.3 % 82.2 % 6.9 % 1,021,866 — 14
≥ 6.5% 455,394 474,592 14.2 % 90.6 % 7.3 % 473,391 — 14
4,498,747 4,551,377 10.1 % 88.1 % 6.4 % 4,590,364 — 31
Other P&I 528,336 525,206 5.3 % — % 5.5 % 531,700 — 11
Interest-only 185,726 11,754 9.0 % — % 4.9 % 11,888 — 194
Agency Derivatives 1,061,841 54,706 14.4 % — % 7.0 % 65,415 — 20
Total Agency RMBS $ 6,274,650 $ 5,143,043 78.0 % $ 5,199,367 $ —
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December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Principal/ Current Face Carrying Value Weighted Average CPR (1) % Prepayment Protected Gross Weighted Average Coupon Rate Amortized Cost Allowance for Credit Losses Weighted Average Loan Age (months)
Agency RMBS AFS:
30-Year Fixed:
4.5% $ 1,089,904 $ 1,073,972 8.1 % 100.0 % 5.2 % $ 1,089,701 $ — 42
5.0% 1,429,457 1,441,677 8.0 % 100.0 % 5.7 % 1,451,456 — 42
5.5% 786,868 804,095 13.0 % 99.7 % 6.4 % 795,750 — 41
6.0% 1,732,107 1,789,914 9.8 % 82.9 % 6.9 % 1,776,570 — 8
≥ 6.5% 508,260 532,258 17.0 % 89.8 % 7.3 % 528,440 — 9
5,546,596 5,641,916 10.2 % 93.6 % 6.2 % 5,641,917 — 28
Other P&I 853,193 852,374 0.7 % — % 5.2 % 851,399 — 12
Interest-only 315,438 16,922 6.7 % — % 5.4 % 18,892 (1,319) 184
Agency Derivatives 1,233,247 67,929 16.2 % — % 7.0 % 76,785 — 16
Total Agency RMBS $ 7,948,474 $ 6,579,141 80.3 % $ 6,588,993 $ (1,319)
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(1)Weighted average actual one-month CPR released at the beginning of the following month based on RMBS held as of the preceding month-end.
Our MSR portfolio offers attractive spreads and has many risk reducing characteristics when paired with our Agency RMBS portfolio. The following table summarizes activity related to the UPB of loans underlying our MSR portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2026 March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 September 30 2025 June 30, 2025
UPB at beginning of period $ 158,871,352 $ 162,450,487 $ 175,820,641 $ 198,822,611 $ 196,773,345
Purchases of mortgage servicing rights 118,388 95,229 329,726 663,744 6,554,362
Origination and recapture of mortgage servicing rights 68,106 56,586 69,328 34,497 34,054
Sales of mortgage servicing rights — — (9,551,653) (19,111,664) —
Scheduled payments (1,400,970) (1,392,998) (1,422,921) (1,647,185) (1,637,296)
Prepaid (2,570,398) (2,326,504) (2,738,707) (2,964,335) (2,913,721)
Other changes 20,242 (11,448) (55,927) 22,973 11,867
UPB at end of period $ 155,106,720 $ 158,871,352 $ 162,450,487 $ 175,820,641 $ 198,822,611
Counterparty exposure and leverage ratio
We monitor counterparty exposure amongst our broker, banking and lending counterparties on a daily basis. We believe our broker and banking counterparties are well-capitalized organizations, and we attempt to manage our cash balances across these organizations to reduce our exposure to any single counterparty.
As of June 30, 2026, we had entered into repurchase agreements with 21 counterparties, 18 of which had outstanding balances. In addition, we held short- and long-term borrowings under revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, and unsecured borrowings under senior notes. As of June 30, 2026, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which includes unsecured borrowings under senior notes, was 3.8:1.0.
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As of June 30, 2026, we held $642.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $5.7 million of unpledged Agency RMBS and $3.0 million of unpledged non-Agency securities. As a result, we had an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on our unpledged securities of approximately $7.1 million. As of June 30, 2026, we held approximately $2.1 million of unpledged MSR and $3.4 million of unpledged servicing advances. Overall, on June 30, 2026, we had $152.1 million unused committed and $875.0 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on MSR financing facilities, and $85.1 million in unused committed borrowing capacity on servicing advance financing facilities. As of June 30, 2026, we held approximately $0.5 million of unpledged mortgage loans and had $30.7 million unused committed borrowing capacity on our warehouse line of credit and $42.5 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on our loan repurchase agreement. Generally, unused borrowing capacity may be the result of our election not to utilize certain financing, as well as delays in the timing in which funding is provided, insufficient collateral or the inability to meet lenders’ eligibility requirements for specific types of asset classes.
We also monitor exposure to our MSR counterparties. We may be required to make representations and warranties to investors in the loans underlying the MSR we own; however, some of our MSR were purchased on a bifurcated basis, meaning the representation and warranty obligations remain with the seller. If the representations and warranties we make prove to be inaccurate, we may be obligated to repurchase certain mortgage loans, which may impact the profitability of our portfolio. Although we obtain similar representations and warranties from the counterparty from which we acquired the relevant asset, if those representations and warranties do not directly mirror those we make to the investor, or if we are unable to enforce the representations and warranties against the counterparty for a variety of reasons, including the financial condition or insolvency of the counterparty, we may not be able to seek indemnification from our counterparties for any losses attributable to the breach.
As the servicer of record for our MSR assets, we may be required to advance principal and interest payments to security holders, and intermittent tax and insurance payments to local authorities and insurance companies on mortgage loans that are in forbearance, delinquency or default. We are responsible for funding these advances, potentially for an extended period of time, before receiving reimbursement from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Servicing advances are priority cash flows in the event of a loan principal reduction or foreclosure and ultimate liquidation of the real estate-owned property, thus making their collection reasonably assured. We are also a subservicer, which means we service loans on behalf of third-party clients who own the underlying MSR. Since we do not own the right to service those loans, we do not recognize an MSR asset for those loans in our consolidated financial statements. As a subservicer, we may be obligated to make servicing advances; however, advances are generally limited, with recoveries typically following within 30 days. Additionally, our exposure to foreclosure-related costs and losses is generally limited in our subservicing relationships given those risks are retained by the owner of the MSR.
Our total serviced mortgage assets consist of mortgage loans underlying our MSR assets, off-balance sheet mortgage loans owned by third parties and subserviced by us, off-balance sheet mortgage loans owned by third parties for which we act as servicing administrator (subserviced by appropriately licensed third-party subservicers), and originated or purchased mortgage loans held-for-sale at period-end. The following table presents the number of loans and unpaid principal balance of the mortgage assets for which we manage the servicing as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance
Mortgage servicing rights 655,023 $ 155,106,720 675,215 $ 162,450,487
Subservicing 184,963 40,834,058 178,356 40,492,124
Servicing administrator 495 258,559 514 272,820
Mortgage loans held-for-sale 56 12,542 38 13,336
Total serviced mortgage assets 840,537 $ 196,211,879 854,123 $ 203,228,767
Summary of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Our book value per common share for U.S. GAAP purposes was $10.68 at June 30, 2026, an increase from $10.57 per common share at March 31, 2026, and a decrease from $11.13 per common share at December 31, 2025. The rise in book value for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily driven by servicing income, partially offset by MSR portfolio runoff, as well as dividends declared. The decline in book value for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily driven by net mark-to-market losses recognized on investment securities and MSR portfolio runoff, as well as dividends declared, partially offset by servicing income. Our comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders was $47.9 million and $23.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, as compared to comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders of $221.8 million and $156.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.
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The following table presents the components of our comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
(in thousands, except per share amounts) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
Income Statement Data: June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
(unaudited) (unaudited)
Net interest expense:
Interest income $ 83,536 $ 117,082 $ 172,186 $ 228,464
Interest expense 89,557 136,701 184,718 268,415
Net interest expense (6,021) (19,619) (12,532) (39,951)
Net servicing income:
Servicing income 129,070 158,354 259,213 315,213
Servicing costs 3,211 2,386 5,059 5,583
Net servicing income 125,859 155,968 254,154 309,630
Other income (loss):
Loss on investment securities (2,123) (32,830) (13,109) (65,559)
Loss on servicing asset (47,239) (35,902) (91,248) (72,123)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments 46,678 (84,207) 62,319 (181,547)
Gain on mortgage loans held-for-sale 704 883 2,756 1,552
Other income 1,735 1,038 3,052 1,799
Total other loss (245) (151,018) (36,230) (315,878)
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits 23,309 21,469 50,007 48,058
Other operating expenses 28,088 21,307 50,837 41,812
Loss contingency accrual — 199,935 — 199,935
Total expenses 51,397 242,711 100,844 289,805
Income (loss) before income taxes 68,196 (257,380) 104,548 (336,004)
Provision for income taxes 5,951 1,661 10,019 2,092
Net income (loss) 62,245 (259,041) 94,529 (338,096)
Dividends on preferred stock (12,866) (13,239) (25,673) (26,425)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ 49,379 $ (272,280) $ 68,856 $ (364,521)
Basic earnings (loss) per weighted average common share $ 0.47 $ (2.62) $ 0.65 $ (3.51)
Diluted earnings (loss) per weighted average common share $ 0.46 $ (2.62) $ 0.65 $ (3.51)
Dividends declared per common share $ 0.34 $ 0.39 $ 0.68 $ 0.84
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss) $ 62,245 $ (259,041) $ 94,529 $ (338,096)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities (1,458) 50,473 (45,649) 207,645
Other comprehensive (loss) income (1,458) 50,473 (45,649) 207,645
Comprehensive income (loss) 60,787 (208,568) 48,880 (130,451)
Dividends on preferred stock (12,866) (13,239) (25,673) (26,425)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ 47,921 $ (221,807) $ 23,207 $ (156,876)
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Results of Operations
Interest Income
Interest income decreased to $83.5 million and $172.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, from $117.1 million and $228.5 million for the same periods in 2025, primarily due to a decrease in Agency RMBS portfolio size.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased to $89.6 million and $184.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, from $136.7 million and $268.4 million for the same periods in 2025, primarily due to decreases in average borrowings outstanding on the Agency RMBS and MSR portfolios, as well as the lower overall interest rate environment.
Net Interest Income
The following tables present the components of interest income and average net asset yield earned by asset type, the components of interest expense and average cost of funds on borrowings incurred by collateral type, and net interest income and average net interest spread for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 Six Months Ended June 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Average Balance (1) Interest Income/Expense Net Yield/Cost of Funds Average Balance (1) Interest Income/Expense Net Yield/Cost of Funds
Interest-earning assets:
Available-for-sale securities $ 6,198,867 $ 76,516 4.9 % $ 6,320,468 $ 157,203 5.0 %
Mortgage loans held-for-sale 9,843 153 6.2 % 10,562 322 6.1 %
Reverse repurchase agreements 163,935 1,497 3.7 % 164,423 2,994 3.6 %
Other 5,370 11,667
Total interest income/net asset yield $ 6,372,645 $ 83,536 5.2 % $ 6,495,453 $ 172,186 5.3 %
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Borrowings collateralized by:
Available-for-sale securities $ 6,087,181 $ 58,764 3.9 % $ 6,212,953 $ 121,792 3.9 %
Agency Derivatives (2) 41,529 445 4.3 % 45,935 978 4.3 %
Mortgage servicing rights and advances (3) 1,487,133 26,636 7.2 % 1,508,246 53,889 7.1 %
Mortgage loans held-for-sale 9,519 139 5.8 % 10,324 311 6.0 %
Unsecured borrowings:
Senior notes 111,289 2,845 10.2 % 111,226 5,686 10.2 %
Convertible senior notes — — — % 20,369 710 7.0 %
Other 728 1,352
Total interest expense/cost of funds $ 7,736,651 $ 89,557 4.6 % $ 7,909,053 $ 184,718 4.7 %
Net interest expense/spread $ (6,021) 0.6 % $ (12,532) 0.6 %
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Average Balance (1) Interest Income/Expense Net Yield/Cost of Funds Average Balance (1) Interest Income/Expense Net Yield/Cost of Funds
Interest-earning assets:
Available-for-sale securities $ 8,662,943 $ 108,842 5.0 % $ 8,491,953 $ 209,260 4.9 %
Mortgage loans held-for-sale 7,957 145 7.3 % 5,664 198 7.0 %
Reverse repurchase agreements 128,120 1,401 4.4 % 235,055 5,108 4.3 %
Other 6,694 13,898
Total interest income/net asset yield $ 8,799,020 $ 117,082 5.3 % $ 8,732,672 $ 228,464 5.2 %
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Borrowings collateralized by:
Available-for-sale securities $ 8,262,110 $ 93,702 4.5 % $ 8,072,935 $ 184,836 4.6 %
Agency Derivatives (2) 26,948 329 4.9 % 16,002 391 4.9 %
Mortgage servicing rights and advances (3) 1,861,010 36,600 7.9 % 1,852,201 72,608 7.8 %
Mortgage loans held-for-sale 7,651 129 6.7 % 5,398 184 6.8 %
Unsecured borrowings:
Senior notes 58,467 1,496 10.2 % 29,234 1,496 10.2 %
Convertible senior notes 260,827 4,445 6.8 % 260,651 8,900 6.8 %
Total interest expense/cost of funds $ 10,477,013 $ 136,701 5.2 % $ 10,236,421 $ 268,415 5.2 %
Net interest income/spread $ (19,619) 0.1 % $ (39,951) — %
____________________
(1)Average asset balance represents average amortized cost on AFS securities and average unpaid principal balance on mortgage loans held-for-sale and reverse repurchase agreements.
(2)Yields on Agency Derivatives not shown as the related interest income is included in gain (loss) on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
(3)Yields on mortgage servicing rights and advances not shown as these assets do not earn interest.
The decrease in yields on AFS securities for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was driven by net sales of AFS securities with lower unamortized premiums, partially offset by the portfolio’s overall shift up in coupon. The increase in yields on AFS securities for the six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily driven by net sales of lower coupon AFS securities. The decrease in cost of funds associated with the financing of AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in 2025, was due to the lower interest rate environment.
The decrease in yields on reverse repurchase agreements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in 2025, was due to the lower interest rate environment.
The decrease in cost of funds associated with the financing of MSR assets and related servicing advance obligations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in 2025, was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment. We have one revolving credit facility in place to finance our servicing advance obligations, which are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
In May 2025, we issued $115.0 million of unsecured senior notes due in 2030, which pay interest quarterly at rate of 9.375% per annum. The cost of funds associated with our senior notes also includes amortization of deferred debt issuance costs.
We repaid the outstanding balance of our convertible senior notes on the January 15, 2026 maturity date.
The following table presents the components of the yield earned on our AFS securities portfolio as a percentage of our average amortized cost of securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Gross yield/stated coupon 5.4 % 5.3 % 5.3 % 5.1 %
Net (premium amortization) discount accretion (0.5) % (0.3) % (0.3) % (0.2) %
Net yield 4.9 % 5.0 % 5.0 % 4.9 %
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Net Servicing Income
The following table presents the components of net servicing income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Servicing fee income $ 102,311 $ 124,409 $ 207,273 $ 250,580
Ancillary and other fee income 4,552 5,201 9,357 10,295
Float income 22,207 28,744 42,583 54,338
Total servicing income 129,070 158,354 259,213 315,213
Total servicing costs 3,211 2,386 5,059 5,583
Net servicing income $ 125,859 $ 155,968 $ 254,154 $ 309,630
The decrease in total servicing income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in 2025, was primarily due to lower servicing fee income on a smaller MSR portfolio as a result of run-off and sales, and lower float income on lower custodial balances as well as a lower interest rate environment.
As previously discussed, RoundPoint handles substantially all servicing functions for the mortgage loans underlying our MSR. For the remaining portion of our serviced mortgage assets, we contract with appropriately licensed third-party subservicers to handle the servicing functions in the name of the subservicer. All third-party subservicing costs and other servicing expenses directly related to our MSR portfolio are included within the servicing costs line item on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). All servicing-related general and administrative expenses incurred by RoundPoint are included within the compensation and benefits and other operating expenses line items on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The increase in servicing costs during the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily the result of higher non-recoverable advances. The decrease in servicing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily the result of lower interest on escrows, partially offset by higher non-recoverable advances.
Loss On Investment Securities
The following table presents the components of loss on investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Proceeds from sales $ 1,175,535 $ 3,771,764 $ 2,310,360 $ 5,101,348
Amortized cost of securities sold (1,177,487) (3,804,924) (2,323,196) (5,167,984)
Total realized losses on sales (1,952) (33,160) (12,836) (66,636)
Reversal of provision for credit losses 31 116 16 22
Other (202) 214 (289) 1,055
Loss on investment securities $ (2,123) $ (32,830) $ (13,109) $ (65,559)
In the ordinary course of our business, we make investment decisions and allocate capital in accordance with our views on the changing risk/reward dynamics in the market and in our portfolio. We do not expect to sell assets on a frequent basis, but may sell assets to reallocate capital into new assets that we believe have higher risk-adjusted returns.
We use a discounted cash flow method to estimate and recognize an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities. Subsequent adverse or favorable changes in expected cash flows are recognized immediately in earnings as a provision for or reversal of provision for credit losses (within loss on investment securities).
The majority of the “other” component of loss on investment securities is related to changes in unrealized gains (losses) on certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option. Fluctuations in this line item are primarily driven by the reclassification of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon sale, as well as changes in fair value assumptions.
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Loss On Servicing Asset
The following table presents the components of loss on servicing asset for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model $ 9,569 $ 27,357 $ 13,935 $ 43,373
Changes in fair value due to realization of cash flows (runoff) (56,808) (63,251) (105,183) (115,488)
Other — (8) — (8)
Loss on servicing asset $ (47,239) $ (35,902) $ (91,248) $ (72,123)
The increase in loss on servicing asset for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in 2025, was driven by a less favorable change in valuation assumptions used in the fair valuation of MSR, primarily due to decreasing interest rates with rising prepayment speeds, partially offset by lower portfolio run-off on a lower portfolio balance as a result of sales of MSR.
Gain (Loss) On Derivative Instruments
The following table summarizes the components of gain (loss) on derivative instruments recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Net interest spread on interest rate swaps $ 1,306 $ 6,382 $ 3,018 $ 12,357
Realized and unrealized net gains (losses) on interest rate swaps 9,228 (59,332) 26,255 (164,095)
Interest income, net of accretion, on inverse interest-only securities 1,328 1,348 3,360 1,468
Realized and unrealized net (losses) gains on inverse interest-only securities (4,835) 3,409 (5,100) 5,041
Realized and unrealized net (losses) gains on TBAs (4,787) (10,757) (46,836) 18,721
Realized and unrealized net gains (losses) on futures 44,438 (25,152) 81,781 (54,915)
Realized and unrealized net losses on options on futures — (105) (159) (124)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments $ 46,678 $ (84,207) $ 62,319 $ (181,547)
Net interest spread recognized for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest income associated with our interest rate swaps results from receiving either a floating interest rate (e.g., Overnight Index Swap Rate (“OIS”) or SOFR) or a fixed interest rate and paying either a fixed interest rate or a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) on positions held to economically hedge/mitigate portfolio interest rate exposure (or duration) risk. We may elect to terminate certain swaps to align with our investment portfolio, agreements may mature or options may expire resulting in full settlement of our net interest spread asset/liability and the recognition of realized gains and losses, including early termination penalties. The change in fair value of interest rate swaps during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was a result of changes to floating interest rates (OIS or SOFR), the swap curve and corresponding counterparty borrowing rates. Swaps are used for purposes of hedging our interest rate exposure, and therefore, their unrealized valuation gains and losses (excluding the reversal of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon termination, maturation or option expiration) generally offset a portion of the unrealized losses and gains recognized on our Agency RMBS AFS portfolio, which are recorded either directly to stockholders’ equity through other comprehensive (loss) income or to loss on investment securities, in the case of certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option.
For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity, refer to Note 8 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Gain On Mortgage Loans Held-For-Sale
The following table provides a summary of the total net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on mortgage loans held-for-sale and the related derivative instruments used to manage exposure to market risks primarily associated with fluctuations in interest rate risks related to our origination pipeline during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Mortgage loans held-for-sale $ 1,055 $ 769 $ 2,613 $ 1,294
TBAs (231) (82) 373 (82)
Interest rate lock commitments (120) 171 (230) 483
Forward mortgage loan sale commitments — 25 — (143)
Gain on mortgage loans held-for-sale $ 704 $ 883 $ 2,756 $ 1,552
Operating Expenses
The following table presents the components of operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Compensation and benefits:
Non-cash equity compensation expenses $ 1,436 $ 1,932 $ 5,858 $ 8,455
Merger-related compensation costs (1) 2,645 — 3,674 —
All other compensation and benefits 19,228 19,537 40,475 39,603
Total compensation and benefits $ 23,309 $ 21,469 $ 50,007 $ 48,058
Other operating expenses:
Other merger-related costs (1) $ 11,002 $ — $ 15,607 $ —
Certain litigation-related costs (2) — 2,754 — 2,860
All other operating expenses 17,086 18,553 35,230 38,952
Total other operating expenses $ 28,088 $ 21,307 $ 50,837 $ 41,812
Annualized operating expense ratio 11.8 % 8.5 % 11.4 % 8.6 %
Annualized operating expense ratio, excluding non-cash equity compensation, merger-related costs and certain litigation-related costs (1) (2) 8.3 % 7.6 % 8.5 % 7.5 %
____________________
(1)Merger-related compensation and other costs consist of expenses incurred in connection with the pending CCM Merger, as well as the terminated UWM Merger.
(2)Certain litigation-related costs consists of expenses incurred in connection with the litigation with our former external manager, PRCM Advisers LLC, prior to its resolution in the third quarter of 2025.
The increase in total operating expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in 2025, was primarily driven by expenses incurred in connection with the pending CCM Merger and the terminated UWM Merger, partially offset by lower non-cash equity compensation expenses, certain litigation-related costs incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, as well as lower other operating expenses. The increase in our annualized operating expense ratios was also driven by the lower average equity balances in the denominator as a result of the comprehensive losses incurred during 2025, as well as dividends declared during 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2026.
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Loss Contingency Accrual
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded a loss contingency accrual of $199.9 million in connection with our then ongoing litigation with PRCM Advisers LLC. The accrual was subsequently settled during the three months ended September 30, 2025 via a cash payment of $375 million pursuant to a Settlement Agreement and Release resolving all claims in our litigation with PRCM Advisers LLC, Pine River Capital Management L.P., and Pine River Domestic Management L.P.
Income Taxes
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recognized a provision for income taxes of $6.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively, which was primarily due to net income from MSR servicing and mortgage loan origination activities, partially offset by net losses recognized on MSR and operating expenses incurred in our TRSs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized a provision for income taxes of $1.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively, which was primarily due to net income from MSR servicing and mortgage loan origination activities, partially offset by net losses recognized on MSR and operating expenses incurred in our TRSs.
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The following table provides a summary of the components of other comprehensive (loss) income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(in thousands) 2026 2025 2026 2025
Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities $ (2,611) $ 33,113 $ (59,191) $ 143,333
Realized losses on sales of available-for-sale securities reclassified to loss on investment securities 1,153 17,360 13,542 64,312
Other comprehensive (loss) income $ (1,458) $ 50,473 $ (45,649) $ 207,645
With our accounting treatment for AFS securities, unrealized fluctuations in the market values of AFS securities, excluding certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option and securities with an allowance for credit losses, are recorded directly to stockholders’ equity through other comprehensive (loss) income. Additionally, we reclassify unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities in accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income (loss) upon the recognition of any realized gains and losses on sales as individual securities are sold. Fluctuations in other comprehensive (loss) income are driven by changes in fair value assumptions and the reclassification of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon sale.
Financial Condition
The following table presents significant components of our balance sheet as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
(in thousands) June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Balance Sheet Data:
Available-for-sale securities $ 5,091,319 $ 6,514,471
Mortgage servicing rights $ 2,336,324 $ 2,421,910
Total assets $ 8,831,469 $ 10,859,217
Repurchase agreements $ 5,639,830 $ 7,255,540
Revolving credit facilities $ 862,771 $ 919,371
Senior notes $ 111,350 $ 111,055
Convertible senior notes $ — $ 261,810
Total stockholders’ equity $ 1,744,885 $ 1,787,927
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Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
The majority of our AFS investment securities portfolio is comprised of fixed rate Agency mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. We also hold $3.0 million in tranches of mortgage-backed and asset-backed P&I and interest-only non-Agency securities. All of our P&I Agency RMBS AFS are Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations, or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. government. The majority of our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised of whole pool certificates.
The table below summarizes certain characteristics of our Agency RMBS AFS at June 30, 2026:
June 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands, except purchase price) Principal/ Current Face Net (Discount) Premium Amortized Cost Allowance for Credit Losses Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Carrying Value Weighted Average Coupon Rate Weighted Average Purchase Price
P&I securities $ 5,027,083 $ 94,981 $ 5,122,064 $ — $ 11,373 $ (56,854) $ 5,076,583 5.45 % $ 102.07
Interest-only securities 185,726 11,888 11,888 — 371 (505) 11,754 2.32 % $ 9.74
Total $ 5,212,809 $ 106,869 $ 5,133,952 $ — $ 11,744 $ (57,359) $ 5,088,337
Mortgage Servicing Rights, at Fair Value
One of our wholly owned subsidiaries, TH MSR Holdings, has approvals from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to own and manage MSR, which represent the right to control the servicing of residential mortgage loans. TH MSR Holdings acquires MSR from third-party originators through flow and bulk purchases, as well as through the recapture of MSR on loans in its MSR portfolio that refinance. TH MSR Holdings also acquires MSR on loans originated by its subsidiary, RoundPoint, through purchases and recapture of MSR. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our MSR had a fair market value of $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively.
As of June 30, 2026, our MSR portfolio included MSR on 655,023 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $155.1 billion. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the loans underlying our MSR by gross weighted average coupon rate types and ranges at June 30, 2026:
June 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Weighted Average Gross Coupon Rate Weighted Average Current Loan Size Weighted Average Loan Age (months) Weighted Average Original FICO Weighted Average Original LTV 60+ Day Delinquencies 3-Month CPR Net Servicing Fee (bps)
30-Year Fixed:
≤ 3.25% 243,100 $ 70,624,797 2.8 % $ 345 65 768 71.5 % 0.4 % 5.0 % 25.0
> 3.25 - 3.75% 112,574 26,836,938 3.4 % 306 79 753 74.0 % 0.8 % 5.8 % 25.1
> 3.75 - 4.25% 75,081 13,764,713 3.9 % 243 107 752 75.2 % 1.0 % 6.2 % 25.3
> 4.25 - 4.75% 44,723 7,419,946 4.4 % 239 104 739 77.1 % 1.8 % 6.4 % 25.2
> 4.75 - 5.25% 31,717 7,140,728 5.0 % 344 67 748 79.1 % 1.7 % 7.8 % 25.2
> 5.25% 54,194 16,407,986 6.2 % 403 37 750 79.9 % 1.7 % 11.5 % 26.9
561,389 142,195,108 3.6 % 329 71 759 74.0 % 0.8 % 6.3 % 25.3
15-Year Fixed:
≤ 2.25% 17,091 3,499,930 2.0 % 246 62 776 60.0 % 0.2 % 4.8 % 25.0
> 2.25 - 2.75% 29,550 4,901,566 2.4 % 208 66 772 59.5 % 0.2 % 6.1 % 25.0
> 2.75 - 3.25% 23,238 2,249,096 2.9 % 148 88 765 61.7 % 0.3 % 8.3 % 25.2
> 3.25 - 3.75% 12,073 787,809 3.4 % 107 106 755 64.0 % 0.6 % 10.8 % 25.2
> 3.75 - 4.25% 5,413 321,612 3.9 % 107 102 739 65.8 % 0.6 % 8.9 % 25.4
> 4.25% 4,807 659,740 5.3 % 276 42 749 64.3 % 1.5 % 15.9 % 27.4
92,172 12,419,753 2.6 % 202 71 769 60.7 % 0.3 % 7.1 % 25.2
Total ARMs 1,462 491,859 5.2 % 446 48 766 72.2 % 0.4 % 15.4 % 25.1
Total 655,023 $ 155,106,720 3.5 % $ 319 71 760 72.9 % 0.8 % 6.3 % 25.3
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Financing
Our borrowings consist primarily of repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit and senior notes. Repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and warehouse lines of credit are collateralized by our pledge of AFS securities, derivative instruments, MSR, mortgage loans held-for-sale, servicing advances and certain cash balances, while senior notes are considered unsecured corporate debt. Substantially all of our Agency RMBS are currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements. Additionally, a substantial portion of our MSR is currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and revolving credit facilities, and a portion of our servicing advances have been pledged as collateral for revolving credit facilities. We have three repurchase facilities in place that are secured by VFNs issued by one of our subsidiary trust entities, MSR Issuer Trust, and collateralized by portions of our MSR portfolio. (See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details). Substantially all of our funded mortgage loans held-for-sale are currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit for a period of up to 90 days or until they are sold to the GSEs or other third-party investors in the secondary market, typically within 60 days of origination. Additionally, in May 2025, we issued senior notes due in 2030, which are unsecured and pay interest quarterly at a rate of 9.375% per annum.
At June 30, 2026, borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit and senior notes had the following characteristics:
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2026
Borrowing Type Amount Outstanding Weighted Average Borrowing Rate Weighted Average Years to Maturity
Repurchase agreements $ 5,639,830 4.12 % 0.2
Revolving credit facilities 862,771 6.67 % 1.4
Warehouse lines of credit 4,333 5.59 % 0.2
Senior notes 111,350 9.38 % 4.1
Total $ 6,618,284 4.54 % 0.4
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2026
Collateral Type Amount Outstanding Weighted Average Borrowing Rate Weighted Average Haircut on Collateral Value
Agency RMBS $ 5,013,653 3.82 % 3.8 %
Agency Derivatives 43,671 4.39 % 19.0 %
Mortgage servicing rights 1,372,871 6.69 % 30.5 %
Mortgage servicing advances 64,900 6.45 % 14.0 %
Mortgage loans held-for-sale 11,839 5.61 % 0.6 %
Other (1) 111,350 9.38 % N/A
Total $ 6,618,284 4.54 % 9.5 %
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(1)Includes unsecured borrowings under senior notes due August 2030, paying interest quarterly at a rate of 9.375% per annum on the aggregate principal amount, which was $115.0 million on June 30, 2026.
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As of June 30, 2026, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which includes unsecured borrowings under senior notes, was 3.8:1.0. Our Agency RMBS, given their liquidity and high credit quality, are eligible for higher levels of leverage, while MSR, with less liquidity and/or more exposure to prepayment risk, utilize lower levels of leverage. Generally, our debt-to-equity ratio is directly correlated to the composition of our portfolio; typically, the higher the percentage of Agency RMBS we hold, the higher our debt-to-equity ratio will be. However, in addition to portfolio mix, our debt-to-equity ratio is a function of many other factors, including the liquidity of our portfolio, the availability and price of our financing, the diversification of our counterparties and their available capacity to finance our assets, and anticipated regulatory developments. We may alter the percentage allocation of our portfolio among our target assets depending on the relative value of the assets that are available to purchase from time to time, including at times when we are deploying proceeds from offerings we conduct. We believe the current degree of leverage within our portfolio helps ensure that we have access to unused borrowing capacity, thus supporting our liquidity and the strength of our balance sheet.
The following table provides a summary of our borrowings under repurchase agreements (excluding those collateralized by U.S. Treasuries), revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and convertible senior notes and our debt-to-equity ratios for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
(dollars in thousands)
For the Three Months Ended Quarterly Average End of Period Balance Maximum Balance of Any Month-End End of Period Total Borrowings to Equity Ratio End of Period Net Long (Short) TBA Cost Basis End of Period Net Payable (Receivable) for Unsettled RMBS End of Period Economic Debt-to-Equity Ratio (1)
June 30, 2026 $ 7,736,651 $ 6,618,284 $ 7,791,769 3.8:1.0 $ 3,802,578 $ — 6.0:1.0
March 31, 2026 $ 8,081,685 $ 8,286,052 $ 8,286,052 4.8:1.0 $ 2,981,694 $ (230,695) 6.4:1.0
December 31, 2025 $ 8,318,151 $ 8,557,182 $ 8,557,182 4.8:1.0 $ 4,185,465 $ (177,891) 7.0:1.0
September 30, 2025 $ 8,671,136 $ 8,430,709 $ 8,525,078 4.8:1.0 $ 4,391,419 $ (133,405) 7.2:1.0
June 30, 2025 $ 10,477,013 $ 10,175,579 $ 10,737,324 5.4:1.0 $ 3,009,819 $ 108,474 7.0:1.0
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(1)Defined as total borrowings under repurchase agreements (excluding those collateralized by U.S. Treasuries), revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and convertible senior notes, plus implied debt on net TBA cost basis and net payable (receivable) for unsettled RMBS, divided by total equity.
Equity
The following table provides details of our changes in stockholders’ equity from March 31, 2026 to June 30, 2026:
(in millions, except per share amounts) Book Value Common Shares Outstanding Common Book Value Per Share
Common stockholders’ equity at March 31, 2026 $ 1,109.8 105.0 $ 10.57
Net income 62.2
Other comprehensive loss (1.4)
Comprehensive income 60.8
Dividends on preferred stock (12.9)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders 47.9
Dividends on common stock (36.1)
Other 1.5 0.1
Common stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2026 $ 1,123.1 105.1 $ 10.68
Total preferred stock liquidation preference 621.8
Total stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2026 $ 1,744.9
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity and capital resources are managed and forecasted on a daily basis. We believe this helps ensure that we have sufficient liquidity to absorb market events that could negatively impact collateral valuations and result in margin calls. We also believe that it gives us the flexibility to manage our portfolio to take advantage of market opportunities.
Our principal sources of cash consist of borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes, payments of principal and interest we receive on our target assets, cash generated from our operating results, and proceeds from capital market transactions. We typically use cash to repay principal and interest on our borrowings, to purchase our target assets, to make dividend payments on our capital stock, and to fund our operations. To the extent that we raise additional equity capital through capital market transactions, we anticipate using cash proceeds from such transactions to purchase our target assets and for other general corporate purposes. Such general corporate purposes may include the refinancing or repayment of debt, the repurchase or redemption of common and preferred equity securities, and other capital expenditures. We believe that cash generated from our operating results, liquidity under our borrowing capacity and proceeds from capital market transactions will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.
As of June 30, 2026, we held $642.7 million in cash and cash equivalents available to support our operations; $7.5 billion of AFS securities, MSR, mortgage loans held-for-sale and derivative assets held at fair value; and $6.6 billion of outstanding debt in the form of repurchase agreements and borrowings under revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit and senior notes. During both the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which also includes all unsecured corporate debt, decreased from 4.8:1.0 to 3.8:1.0, which was primarily driven by a decrease in outstanding debt as a result of lower repurchase agreement financing against our lower RMBS portfolio. The economic debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which also includes all unsecured corporate debt, implied debt on net TBA cost basis and net payable (receivable) for unsettled RMBS, was 6.0:1.0 at June 30, 2026, a decrease from 6.4:1.0 at March 31, 2026 and a decrease from 7.0:1.0 at December 31, 2025.
As of June 30, 2026, we held approximately $5.7 million of unpledged Agency RMBS and $3.0 million of unpledged non-Agency securities. As a result, we had an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on unpledged securities of approximately $7.1 million. As of June 30, 2026, we held approximately $2.1 million of unpledged MSR and $3.4 million of unpledged servicing advances. Overall, on June 30, 2026, we had $152.1 million unused committed and $875.0 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on MSR financing facilities, and $85.1 million in unused committed borrowing capacity on servicing advance financing facilities. As of June 30, 2026, we held approximately $0.5 million of unpledged mortgage loans and had $30.7 million unused committed borrowing capacity on our warehouse lines of credit and $42.5 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on our loan repurchase agreement. Generally, unused borrowing capacity may be the result of our election not to utilize certain financing, as well as delays in the timing in which funding is provided, insufficient collateral or the inability to meet lenders’ eligibility requirements for specific types of asset classes. On a daily basis, we monitor and forecast our available, or excess, liquidity. Additionally, we frequently perform shock analyses against various market events to monitor the adequacy of our excess liquidity.
During the six months ended June 30, 2026, we did not experience any material issues accessing our funding sources. We expect ongoing sources of financing to be primarily repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and similar financing arrangements. We plan to finance our assets with a moderate amount of leverage, the level of which may vary based upon the particular characteristics of our portfolio and market conditions.
As of June 30, 2026, we had master repurchase agreements in place with 21 counterparties (lenders), the majority of which are U.S. domiciled financial institutions, and we continue to evaluate additional counterparties to manage and optimize counterparty risk. Under our repurchase agreements, we are required to pledge additional assets as collateral to our lenders when the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral under such agreements declines and such lenders, through a margin call, demand additional collateral. Lenders generally make margin calls because of a perceived decline in the value of our assets collateralizing the repurchase agreements. This may occur following the monthly principal reduction of assets due to scheduled amortization and prepayments on the underlying mortgages, or may be caused by changes in market interest rates, a perceived decline in the market value of the investments and other market factors. To cover a margin call, we may pledge additional assets or cash. At maturity, any cash on deposit as collateral is generally applied against the repurchase agreement balance, thereby reducing the amount borrowed. Should the value of our assets suddenly decrease, significant margin calls on our repurchase agreements could result, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position.
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In addition to our master repurchase agreements that fund our Agency and non-Agency securities, we have three repurchase facilities and two revolving credit facilities that provide short- and long-term financing for our MSR portfolio. We also have one revolving credit facility that provides long-term financing for our servicing advances, and one master repurchase agreement and one warehouse line of credit that provide short-term financing for our mortgage loans held-for-sale. A summary of our MSR, servicing advance and mortgage loan financing facilities is provided in the table below:
(in thousands)
June 30, 2026
Expiration Date (1) Amount Outstanding Unused Committed Capacity (2) Unused Uncommitted Capacity Total Capacity Eligible Collateral
March 31, 2027 $ 517,731 $ 132,269 $ 250,000 $ 900,000 Mortgage servicing rights
March 8, 2029 $ 280,140 $ 19,860 $ 200,000 $ 500,000 Mortgage servicing rights (3)
November 23, 2026 $ 350,000 $ — $ 50,000 $ 400,000 Mortgage servicing rights (4)
October 26, 2026 $ 150,000 $ — $ 150,000 $ 300,000 Mortgage servicing rights (4)
December 30, 2026 $ 75,000 $ — $ 225,000 $ 300,000 Mortgage servicing rights (4)
December 14, 2026 $ 64,900 $ 85,100 $ — $ 150,000 Mortgage servicing advances
August 18, 2026 $ 4,333 $ 30,667 $ 15,000 $ 50,000 Mortgage loans held-for-sale
June 25, 2027 $ 7,506 $ — $ 42,494 $ 50,000 Mortgage loans held-for-sale
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(1)The facilities are set to mature on the stated expiration date, unless extended pursuant to their terms.
(2)Represents unused capacity amounts to which commitment fees are charged.
(3)The revolving period of this facility ceases on March 8, 2028, at which time the facility starts a 12-month amortization period.
(4)These repurchase facilities are secured by the related VFNs issued by TH MSR Issuer Trust and collateralized by portions of our MSR portfolio. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details.
We are subject to a variety of financial covenants under our lending agreements. The following represent the most restrictive financial covenants across our lending agreements as of June 30, 2026:
•Total indebtedness to tangible net worth must be less than 8.0:1.0. As of June 30, 2026, our total indebtedness to tangible net worth, as defined, was 4.0:1.0.
•Liquidity, as defined, and unrestricted cash must be greater than $149.0 million and $75.0 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, our liquidity, as defined, was $685.2 million and our unrestricted cash balance was $642.7 million.
•Net worth, as defined, must be greater than $1.5 billion. As of June 30, 2026, our net worth, as defined, was $1.7 billion.
We are also subject to additional financial covenants in connection with various other agreements we enter into in the normal course of our business. We intend to continue to operate in a manner which complies with all of our financial covenants.
The following table summarizes assets at carrying values that were pledged or restricted as collateral for the future payment obligations of repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and warehouse lines of credit at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
(in thousands) June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 5,084,098 $ 6,505,374
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value 2,334,224 2,417,593
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value 12,207 13,350
Restricted cash 124,268 108,723
Due from counterparties 5,984 206,514
Derivative assets, at fair value 53,211 67,227
Other assets 67,104 100,133
Total $ 7,681,096 $ 9,418,914
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Although we generally intend to hold our target assets as long-term investments, we may sell certain of our assets in order to manage our interest rate risk and liquidity needs, to meet other operating objectives and to adapt to market conditions. Our Agency RMBS are generally actively traded and thus, in most circumstances, readily liquid. However, certain of our assets, including MSR and mortgage loans held-for-sale, are subject to longer trade timelines, and, as a result, market conditions could significantly and adversely affect the liquidity of our assets. Any illiquidity of our assets may make it difficult for us to sell such assets if the need or desire arises. Our ability to quickly sell certain assets, such as MSR and mortgage loans, may be limited by delays encountered while obtaining certain Agency approvals required for such dispositions and may be further limited by delays due to the time period needed for negotiating transaction documents, conducting diligence, and complying with Agency requirements regarding the transfer of such assets before settlement may occur. Consequently, even if we identify a buyer for our MSR and mortgage loans, there is no assurance that we would be able to quickly sell such assets if the need or desire arises.
In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we previously recorded our assets. Assets that are illiquid are more difficult to finance, and to the extent that we use leverage to finance assets that become illiquid, we may lose that leverage or have it reduced. Assets tend to become less liquid during times of financial stress, which is often the time that liquidity is most needed. As a result, our ability to sell assets or vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be limited by liquidity constraints, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We cannot predict the timing and impact of future sales of our assets, if any. Because many of our assets are financed with repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and warehouse lines of credit, a significant portion of the proceeds from sales of our assets (if any), prepayments and scheduled amortization are used to repay balances under these financing sources.
The following table provides the maturities of our repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and convertible senior notes as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
(in thousands) June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Within 30 days $ 1,954,901 $ 2,512,817
30 to 59 days 911,341 1,745,355
60 to 89 days 1,359,064 1,702,483
90 to 119 days 993,857 916,101
120 to 364 days 1,007,631 721,500
One to three years 280,140 567,731
Three to five years 111,350 391,195
Total $ 6,618,284 $ 8,557,182
For the three months ended June 30, 2026, our restricted and unrestricted cash balance increased approximately $104.9 million to $865.1 million. The cash movements can be summarized by the following:
•Cash flows from operating activities. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, operating activities increased our cash balances by approximately $192.7 million, primarily driven by our financial results for the quarter.
•Cash flows from investing activities. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, investing activities increased our cash balances by approximately $1.6 billion, driven by proceeds from sales of and principal payments received on AFS securities and net proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements, partially offset by net payments on derivative instruments.
•Cash flows from financing activities. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, financing activities decreased our cash balance by approximately $1.7 billion, primarily driven by net paydowns on our repurchase agreements financing AFS securities as a result of the sales and the payment of fourth and first quarter dividends.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Inflation
Our assets and liabilities are financial in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates and other factors impact our performance far more than does inflation, although inflation rates can often have a meaningful influence over the direction of interest rates. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and dividends are based upon net ordinary income and capital gains as calculated for tax purposes; in each case, our results of operations and reported assets, liabilities and equity are measured with reference to historical cost or fair value without considering inflation.
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