Glencore Plc
One of the world's largest natural-resource companies, Glencore mines and trades metals like copper, cobalt, and nickel, plus coal and oil. It was founded in 1974 by Marc Rich, who pioneered the spot oil market; the name comes from the phrase "Global Energy Commodity Resources." After a 1994 management buyout, it merged with miner Xstrata in 2013 to become a global mining-and-trading powerhouse.